CN115971712A - High-speed impact welding method for metal - Google Patents
High-speed impact welding method for metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN115971712A CN115971712A CN202310003177.6A CN202310003177A CN115971712A CN 115971712 A CN115971712 A CN 115971712A CN 202310003177 A CN202310003177 A CN 202310003177A CN 115971712 A CN115971712 A CN 115971712A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal high-speed impact welding method, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the metal foil, and processing the metal foil into a specific shape; enabling the metal foil to be in a liquid environment, connecting two ends of the metal foil with a pulse power supply, and then placing the driving plate on the metal foil; two metal plates to be welded are closely placed, two ends of each metal plate are fixed and are placed on the driving plate, and a proper distance is kept between the driving plate and the metal plates; when a pulse power supply is started, huge instantaneous impact force can be simultaneously generated to act on the drive plate when the metal foil is gasified to generate plasma, the drive plate can violently collide with the metal workpieces which are attached and placed after acceleration, and finally welding between the metal workpieces is realized. The invention can realize the impact welding process of contact welding between metal plates, and effectively solves the problem that the welding area is limited because the welding distance needs to be reserved when the traditional metal plates are subjected to impact welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal forming and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-speed impact welding method for metal.
Background
The high-performance dissimilar metal composite structure is more and more widely applied to the industries of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, shipping, electronics and the like, and meanwhile, the attention of people to the dissimilar metal material connection process is higher and higher. Due to the large difference in thermal and physical properties (such as melting point, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, etc.) between dissimilar metals, it is difficult for conventional fusion welding processes to form a good weld joint between the two. Currently, high speed impact joining techniques can significantly ameliorate the deficiencies associated with conventional welding techniques described above. The impact welding technology of dissimilar metals has been widely applied to the field of high-performance composite metal materials.
The mainstream impact welding technology mainly comprises foil gasification impact welding, magnetic pulse welding, explosion welding and laser impact welding. Both the gasification impact welding and the magnetic pulse welding of the foils use a capacitor bank to store electric energy as a welding energy source, wherein the gasification welding technology of the foils is mainly used for spot welding of dissimilar metal plates. The explosive welding technique is also applied to welding of plates, but the welding area is larger compared with the foil gasification impact welding technique. The magnetic pulse welding technology is mainly applied to welding of pipe fittings. Laser shock welding techniques are still in the laboratory research phase.
The current high-speed impact connection technology still has the following problems: on one hand, for the welding of the plate, except for explosive welding, the welding areas obtained by other high-speed impact welding processes are smaller and basically similar to spot welding, so that the requirement of large-area welding is difficult to meet; on the other hand, when high-speed impact welding is carried out, a certain distance must be reserved between the workpieces, and sufficient acceleration space is provided for the flying plate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-speed metal impact welding method, which can realize an impact welding process of contact welding between metal plates and effectively solve the problem that the welding area is limited because the welding distance needs to be reserved when the traditional metal plates are subjected to impact welding.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a high speed impact welding method for metal, which is applied to a welding device and is suitable for forming and manufacturing metal composite plates, wherein the welding device comprises an upper positioning clamp and a lower positioning clamp, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Insulating a lower positioning clamp in a welding device, then placing a pre-processed metal foil above the lower positioning clamp, and placing wetted liquid media on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal foil; the metal foil is of a cuboid structure, the width of two side regions of the cuboid structure is greater than that of the middle region of the cuboid structure, and the middle region and the two side regions are in arc transition; the liquid medium is used for providing a liquid environment for the metal foil and is also used for carrying out chemical reaction with the metal foil;
(2) Placing a driving plate above the middle area of the metal foil, and placing insulating cushion blocks above the two side areas of the metal foil, wherein the insulating cushion blocks are higher than the horizontal height of the driving plate;
(3) After two metal plates to be welded are tightly attached and two ends of the two metal plates are fixed, the two metal plates are placed on two insulating cushion blocks, then an upper positioning fixture is placed above the whole two metal plates, and the upper positioning fixture and the lower positioning fixture are fixed;
(4) And discharging to the metal foil by using a pulse power supply, gasifying the metal foil, and generating impact force to accelerate the driving plate to collide with the metal plates so as to generate metallurgical bonding between the two metal plates to be welded to form a welding joint and finish the forming and manufacturing of the metal composite plate.
Compared with the traditional impact welding technology, the high-speed impact welding method for the metal provided by the invention has the advantages that the high-speed impact is generated between the driving plate and the metal plates to be welded by accelerating the driving plate, and finally, a good welding joint is formed between the metal plates to be welded. The welding distance does not need to be reserved between the metal plates to be welded, the difficulty that the traditional impact welding technology is difficult to carry out secondary welding can be effectively solved, subsequent welding and processing can be continuously carried out after the welding is finished, the welding area is widened, and the method is suitable for forming and manufacturing large-area metal composite plates.
In one embodiment, the length of the metal foil is 200mm, the width of two side areas of the metal foil is 40mm, the width of the middle area of the metal foil is 10mm, and the two side areas and the middle area of the metal foil are transited by an arc with the radius of 30 mm.
In one embodiment, the metal foil is aluminum foil or copper foil.
In one embodiment, the liquid medium is an aqueous locking medium.
In one embodiment, the capacitance value of the pulse capacitor bank in the pulse power supply is less than 100 μ F.
In one embodiment, in the step (1), the step of performing insulation treatment on the lower positioning fixture specifically includes:
and arranging a layer of insulating adhesive tape on the upper surface of the lower positioning clamp.
In one embodiment, in the step (3), the upper and lower positioning clamps are fixed by bolts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a high-speed impact welding method for metals provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a welding apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal foil provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a method of contact welding of metal plates according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a metal foil according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a metal foil current waveform in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic of a voltage waveform across a metal foil in a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the progressive welding method for large area metal composite panels in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a metal foil according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to solve the problem that the welding area is limited due to the fact that a welding distance needs to be reserved when the traditional metal plate is subjected to impact welding, the invention provides a high-speed metal impact welding method which is applied to a welding device and is suitable for forming and manufacturing dissimilar metal composite plates or similar metal composite plates, and as shown in figure 2, the welding device comprises an upper positioning clamp 10 and a lower positioning clamp 20.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding method includes steps S10 to S40, which are detailed as follows:
s10, insulating a lower positioning clamp 20 in the welding device, specifically arranging a layer of insulating tape on the upper surface of the lower positioning clamp, such as a high-voltage insulating tape or insulating materials such as high-strength insulating paint; then, a pre-processed metal foil is placed above the lower positioning fixture, and a liquid medium subjected to wetting treatment is placed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal foil.
As shown in fig. 3, the metal foil is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the widths of the two side regions of the rectangular parallelepiped structure are greater than the width of the middle region thereof, and the middle region and the two side regions are in arc transition.
In step S10, the metal foil used in this embodiment mainly utilizes the impact force generated during the vaporization, and the impact force is used as an energy source to weld the two metal plates to be welded, specifically, aluminum, copper, or other materials can be used. The liquid medium is used for providing a liquid environment for the metal foil, more energy is deposited before the metal foil is gasified, and specifically, a material which has high breakdown field strength and strong water absorption and does not have enough strength to influence the welding result can be adopted. In addition, the liquid medium can also adopt a material which is easy to react with the metal foil, so that the material and the metal foil generate additional chemical energy when being gasified, and the additional chemical energy is used for welding.
And S20, placing a driving plate above the middle area of the metal foil, and placing insulating cushion blocks above the two side areas of the metal foil, wherein the insulating cushion blocks are higher than the horizontal height of the driving plate.
And S30, after the two metal plates to be welded are tightly attached and fixed at two ends, placing the two metal plates on the two insulating cushion blocks, then placing the upper positioning fixture above the two metal plates integrally, and fixing the upper positioning fixture and the lower positioning fixture, wherein the upper positioning fixture and the lower positioning fixture can be fixed by bolts specifically so as to prevent the two metal plates from loosening.
And S40, discharging to the metal foil through the electrode 30 by using a pulse power supply, so that instantaneous pulse heavy current can be introduced into the metal foil, the middle area of the metal foil is gasified firstly, and simultaneously, impact force is generated to accelerate the driving plate to collide with the metal plates, so that metallurgical bonding is generated between the two metal plates to be welded to form a welding joint, and the forming and manufacturing of the metal composite plate are completed.
In step S40, the capacitance value of the pulse capacitor bank in the pulse power supply of the present embodiment may be preferably set to be less than 100 μ F to ensure that the pulse width of the discharge current thereof is small.
Specifically, the principle of implementing the metal composite plate forming welding by the metal high-speed impact welding method provided by the embodiment is as follows: after a pulse power supply is started to discharge to the metal foil, instantaneous pulse heavy current is introduced to the metal foil, at the moment, the middle area of the metal foil is subjected to heating, melting, gasification and other processes within a very short time, huge instantaneous impact force can be simultaneously generated to act on the driving plate when the metal foil is gasified to generate plasma, the driving plate can be violently impacted with the metal plates which are attached to each other after being accelerated, welding between the metal plates is finally realized, and forming and manufacturing of the metal composite plate are completed.
Because the welding method provided by the embodiment has no requirement on the welding distance, when the large-area metal plate is welded, the metal foil with the offset explosion region is replaced only after the welding is finished every time, the metal plate is moved along the length direction, the region to be welded is vertically corresponding to the explosion point of the metal foil, and the subsequent progressive welding can be finished by repeating the corresponding steps, so that the purpose of manufacturing the large-area metal composite plate is achieved.
Compared with the traditional impact welding technology, the high-speed impact welding method for the metal provided by the embodiment accelerates the driving plate to generate high-speed impact with the metal plates to be welded, and finally forms a good welding joint between the metal plates to be welded. The welding distance does not need to be reserved between the metal plates to be welded, the difficulty that secondary welding is difficult to carry out by the traditional impact welding technology can be effectively solved, subsequent welding and processing can be continuously carried out after welding is finished, the welding area is widened, and the method is suitable for forming and manufacturing large-area metal composite plates.
The following detailed description is given with reference to specific examples:
as shown in fig. 4, the first embodiment of the present invention is suitable for contact welding of a metal composite thin plate, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a layer of insulating adhesive tape is attached to the upper surface of the lower positioning fixture 20, and then the completely soaked water-locking medium 24 is placed on the lower positioning fixture 20.
And step two, placing the aluminum foil 40 processed according to the fixed size above the water locking medium 24, wherein the specific size of the aluminum foil 40 is shown in fig. 5, and then covering the aluminum foil 40 with the water locking medium which is also soaked.
And step three, placing the driving plate 50 above the aluminum foil 40, and placing an insulating cushion block 60 at each end of the aluminum foil 40.
And step four, tightly attaching the two metal plates 70 to be welded, fixing the two ends of the two metal plates, and then placing the two metal plates together on the insulating cushion blocks 60 at the two ends of the aluminum foil 40.
And step five, placing the upper positioning fixture 10 on the metal plate, and fixing the upper positioning fixture 10 and the lower positioning fixture 20 by using bolts to prevent looseness.
And sixthly, discharging the pulse power supply 80, introducing instantaneous pulse large current into the aluminum foil 40, gasifying a narrow area in the middle of the aluminum foil 40 at the moment, generating impact force to accelerate the driving plate 50 to collide with the metal plates to be welded, and forming a welding joint in the area of the two metal plates above the driving plate 50 under the action of the driving plate.
When a large transient pulse current is applied to the aluminum foil 40, the aluminum foil 40 may explode preferentially in the middle area due to the narrow middle area and the high resistance of the aluminum foil 40, and thus the explosion area of the aluminum foil may be precisely controlled, and the current curve diagram in the aluminum foil is shown in fig. 6, and the voltage curve diagram is shown in fig. 7. In addition, because the upper and lower surfaces of the middle area of the aluminum foil 40 are attached with the water-locking media subjected to soaking treatment, the aluminum foil 40 is always in the water environment, and because of the high breakdown field strength of water, a large amount of electric energy can be deposited before the aluminum foil is gasified. The aluminum foil is in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment at the moment of gasification, and simultaneously, the aluminum foil and water undergo chemical reaction to generate additional chemical energy, and the additional chemical energy can also be used for welding.
As shown in fig. 8, the second embodiment of the present invention provides an impact welding method for progressive complex of large area metal plates, which is different from the first embodiment mainly in that the first embodiment mainly applies welding between small size metal plates, the problem mainly solved is the spot welding problem of the metal plates under some specific conditions, such as in some limited space, when the welding distance cannot be provided between the plates to be welded, the first embodiment is a good solution, the second embodiment is mainly used for welding large area metal composite plates, the metal plate (70) shown in fig. 8 is only a part of the welded plate, in case of embodiment 2, the welded plate can be larger in size, and after each welding, the metal foil with offset explosion area as shown in fig. 9 needs to be replaced, and the plate is moved along the length direction, so that the welding area corresponds to the explosion point of the metal foil, and the progressive large area welding is performed, and finally the manufacturing of large area composite plates is completed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, a layer of insulating adhesive tape 22 is pasted on the upper surface of the lower positioning fixture 20, and then the water locking medium 24 which is completely soaked is covered on the surface of the lower positioning fixture 20.
And step two, placing the pre-processed aluminum foil 40 on the water locking medium 24, wherein the specific size of the aluminum foil 40 is shown in fig. 9, and placing the water locking medium soaked in the same manner above the aluminum foil.
And step three, placing the driving plate 50 above the aluminum foil 40, and placing two insulating cushion blocks 60 at two ends of the aluminum foil 40.
Step four, on the basis of the first embodiment, a welding joint is formed on the contact surface between the two metal plates to be welded and the driving plate 50, and then the three metal plates are integrated into a whole, and then the whole is placed on the insulating pad block 60.
And step five, placing the upper positioning fixture 10 on a metal plate, and fixing the upper positioning fixture 10 and the lower positioning fixture 20 by using bolts to prevent looseness.
Step six, when the pulse power supply 80 discharges, instantaneous pulse heavy current is introduced into the aluminum foil 40, instantaneous gasification can occur in a narrow area of the aluminum foil 40, meanwhile, huge impact force is generated to accelerate the driving plate 50 to violently collide with the metal plates to be welded, at the moment, the two metal plates form a next new welding joint in the area above the driving plate 50 under the action of the driving plate, and the like, so that the purpose of gradual welding is achieved.
In order to realize large-area composite welding between the metal plates, only the steps from the first step to the sixth step in the second embodiment need to be repeated, and the method can efficiently realize the forming and manufacturing of the composite plate between large-area dissimilar metal plates or large-area homogeneous metal plates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A metal high-speed impact welding method is applied to a welding device and is suitable for forming and manufacturing metal composite plates, and is characterized in that the welding device comprises an upper positioning clamp and a lower positioning clamp, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Insulating a lower positioning clamp in a welding device, then placing a pre-processed metal foil above the lower positioning clamp, and placing wetted liquid media on the upper and lower surfaces of the metal foil; the metal foil is of a cuboid structure, the width of two side regions of the cuboid structure is larger than that of the middle region of the cuboid structure, and the middle region and the two side regions are in arc transition; the liquid medium is used for providing a liquid environment for the metal foil and is also used for carrying out chemical reaction with the metal foil;
(2) Placing a driving plate above the middle area of the metal foil, and placing insulating cushion blocks above the two side areas of the metal foil, wherein the insulating cushion blocks are higher than the horizontal height of the driving plate;
(3) After two metal plates to be welded are tightly attached and two ends of the two metal plates are fixed, the two metal plates are placed on two insulating cushion blocks, then an upper positioning fixture is placed above the whole two metal plates, and the upper positioning fixture and the lower positioning fixture are fixed;
(4) And discharging to the metal foil by using a pulse power supply, gasifying the metal foil, and generating impact force to accelerate the driving plate to collide with the metal plates so as to generate metallurgical bonding between the two metal plates to be welded to form a welding joint and finish the forming and manufacturing of the metal composite plate.
2. The high-speed impact metal welding method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the metal foil is 200mm, the width of each of the two side regions of the metal foil is 40mm, the width of the middle region of the metal foil is 10mm, and the two side regions and the middle region of the metal foil are transited by a circular arc having a radius of 30 mm.
3. The metal high-speed impact welding method according to claim 2, wherein the metal foil is an aluminum foil or a copper foil.
4. A high-speed impact welding method for metals according to claim 3, characterized in that the liquid medium is a water-locking medium.
5. The metal high-speed impact welding method according to claim 1, wherein a capacitance value of a pulse capacitor bank in the pulse power supply is less than 100 μ F.
6. The high-speed impact metal welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the step of performing insulation treatment on the lower positioning jig specifically comprises:
and arranging a layer of insulating adhesive tape on the upper surface of the lower positioning clamp.
7. The high-speed impact welding method for metals according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the upper and lower positioning jigs are fixed by bolts.
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| CN202310003177.6A CN115971712B (en) | 2023-01-03 | 2023-01-03 | High-speed impact welding method for metal |
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| CN113458234A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for forming workpiece by utilizing metal foil electrified explosion shock wave |
| CN113857856A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-12-31 | 福州大学 | Device and method for forming and welding metal plate |
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2023
- 2023-01-03 CN CN202310003177.6A patent/CN115971712B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130283878A1 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-31 | The Ohio State University | Electrically driven rapidly vaporizing foils, wires and strips used for collision welding and sheet metal forming |
| US20170216959A1 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-03 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of impact welding repair of hollow components |
| CN106238912A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser-impact welder and method thereof |
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