CN112604203A - Fire extinguishing method for new energy automobile - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing method for new energy automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112604203A CN112604203A CN202011522122.9A CN202011522122A CN112604203A CN 112604203 A CN112604203 A CN 112604203A CN 202011522122 A CN202011522122 A CN 202011522122A CN 112604203 A CN112604203 A CN 112604203A
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- battery
- fire extinguishing
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- fire
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C33/00—Hose accessories
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
Abstract
The invention provides a fire extinguishing method for a new energy automobile, which comprises a battery compartment, a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system, a conveying pipeline, a pressure relief port, a water outlet, a water filling port, a liquid injection gun, a detection system and a control system. When the battery in the battery compartment is out of control thermally, a large amount of gas is generated, and the temperature is abnormally increased. The smoke and temperature sensors in the detection system respond and send out alarm signals. The control system opens the pressure relief port and the water filling port through the electromagnetic valve to prevent smoke from accumulating, and meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish open fire and inhibit or slow down thermal runaway propagation. The water filling port is located the mouth below that charges, and each one in both sides directly accesss to inside each battery compartment through pipeline. When the suppression of the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system in the battery compartment fails, water or liquid nitrogen is injected into the water injection port through the liquid injection gun, the liquid nitrogen is directly sent into the battery compartment on fire, the battery is completely submerged, and the battery is extinguished and cooled. The water outlet discharges water or liquid nitrogen overflowing from the battery compartment on fire, thereby avoiding the damage to other battery compartments and other equipment in the vehicle due to overhigh water level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety, relates to the technical field of new Energy Vehicles (EV) safety, and particularly relates to a fire extinguishing technical method of a new Energy Vehicle (EV).
Background
In recent years, the air pollution caused by the exhaust emission of the traditional fuel oil automobile is increasingly serious, and the new energy industry is rapidly developed under the double pressure of the gradual scarcity of traditional energy and environmental pollution. The lithium ion battery is widely applied by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, long service life and the like, and the reserve of lithium new energy automobiles in China also shows a trend of increasing year by year. According to the statistics of the ministry of public security, the new energy automobile holding amount is 417 ten thousands of automobiles as soon as 6 months of 2020, and the history new and high is reached since 2014. From 2014 to 2020, the holding capacity of new energy automobiles in China is continuously increased from 22 ten thousand to 417 ten thousand, and the market of the new energy automobiles shows a rapid expansion trend. However, under the conditions of thermal abuse, electrical abuse, mechanical abuse and the like, a single battery is easy to generate thermal runaway, even the thermal runaway of the whole battery module is caused, and the fire and explosion accidents of the whole vehicle are caused frequently. According to incomplete statistics of high industrial research institutes, 20 electric automobile fire accidents occur in China in the first half year of 2020, and 28 vehicles are involved.
At present, no good fire extinguishing measures are provided for the ignition of a power battery. Although traditional fire extinguishing agents such as dry powder, carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane and the like can extinguish battery fire, the temperature reduction effect is poor, and a high-temperature battery still heats an adjacent battery, so that thermal runaway of the adjacent battery is easily caused. Eventually leading to thermal runaway propagation within the module. The most effective fire hazard for lithium batteries is a very cool fire suppressant, such as water or liquid nitrogen. At present, water is mainly used for fighting fire of new energy automobiles, but the battery compartment is arranged at the bottom of the automobile, so that water is difficult to enter the battery compartment and directly acts on the battery, and the utilization efficiency of the water is low. Therefore, after the new energy automobile is on fire, a large amount of water is needed to extinguish the new energy automobile, the battery can be completely extinguished after the new energy automobile is on fire in 24 hours, the extinguishing time is long, and the new energy automobile is very easy to reburn. The united states fire research foundation (FPRF) studied the effect of water on suppressing electric vehicle fires and found that a significant amount of water was able to successfully suppress electric vehicle fires, but the flame reignited after being extinguished for 22 hours. Therefore, it is urgently needed to design a novel fire extinguishing design for quickly extinguishing new energy automobile fire while maximally reducing economic loss.
The invention provides a fire extinguishing technical method of a new energy automobile (EV) aiming at the characteristics that a new energy automobile fire is not easy to extinguish and has large harm. The method can realize accurate fire extinguishing, independently extinguish fire of the battery compartment on fire, and has little damage to other battery compartments and equipment in the vehicle. The fire extinguishing device has two-stage fire extinguishing measures, extinguishes fire according to fire hazard grades in a grading manner, and is high in fire extinguishing speed, low in consumption of fire extinguishing agents, high in utilization rate and high in fire extinguishing efficiency, and the probability of reburning batteries is low after water or liquid nitrogen is submerged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at solving the technical problems and more quickly and effectively extinguishing new energy automobile fire, the invention provides a new energy automobile (EV) fire extinguishing method aiming at the characteristics that the new energy automobile fire is not easy to extinguish and has large harm. The method can realize accurate fire extinguishing, independently extinguish fire of the battery compartment on fire, and has little damage to other battery compartments and equipment in the vehicle. The fire extinguishing device has two-stage fire extinguishing measures, extinguishes fire according to fire hazard grades in a grading manner, and is high in fire extinguishing speed, low in consumption of fire extinguishing agents, high in utilization rate and high in fire extinguishing efficiency, and the probability of reburning batteries is low after water or liquid nitrogen is submerged.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV), comprising:
the new energy automobile comprises a battery cabin, a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system, a conveying pipeline, a pressure relief port, a water outlet, a water filling port, a liquid injection gun, a detection system and a control system; when the battery in the battery compartment is out of control due to heat, the smoke and temperature sensors in the detection system respond to each other to send out an alarm signal. The control system opens the pressure relief port and the water filling port through the electromagnetic valve to prevent smoke from accumulating, and meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish open fire and inhibit or slow down thermal runaway propagation. When the suppression of the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system in the battery compartment fails, water or liquid nitrogen is injected into the water injection port through the liquid injection gun and is directly sent into the battery compartment on fire, the battery is completely submerged, and the battery is extinguished and cooled.
Further, the battery compartment is located new energy automobile (EV) below, and there is a pressure release mouth on every battery compartment upper portion, can get rid of the interior flue gas of storehouse, prevents that the flue gas from gathering, when the water level was too high in the battery compartment, also can play the drainage effect. When the coolant is liquid nitrogen, nitrogen can be discharged to release the pressure of the battery bin.
The vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing agent, an electromagnetic valve, a conveying hose and the like, and can be directly communicated with the interior of the battery compartment. The fire extinguishing agent is mainly a gas fire extinguishing agent such as heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone, and the driving mode is high-pressure driving, so that open fire can be extinguished, and the thermal runaway propagation can be inhibited or delayed.
Further, the main conveying pipeline is directly connected with the water injection port, each main conveying pipeline directly enters the battery bin, the material of the conveying pipeline is high-temperature-resistant material, and the heat insulation layer is wrapped outside the conveying pipeline, so that other devices in the vehicle are not affected. The diameter of the conveying pipeline is determined by the water injection flow and the size of the battery bin. Water or liquid nitrogen enters from the water filling port and can be directly sent into the battery compartment to carry out total flooding fire extinguishing on the battery. The utilization rate of the coolant is high, the coolant can directly act on the battery, and meanwhile, the damage to other equipment of the new energy automobile is reduced.
Furthermore, the water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the new energy automobile chassis, so that redundant water in the battery compartment on fire can flow out, and the phenomenon that other battery compartments and other equipment in the automobile are damaged due to overhigh water level is avoided.
Further, the water filling port is located below the charging port, and the two sides of the new energy automobile (EV) are respectively provided with one water filling port. The water filling port is in a closed state at ordinary times, accords with IP67 waterproof standard, prevents rain and snow weather, and water flows into the battery compartment through the water filling port. One side of the water filling port is provided with a manual opening button, and if the control system fails to open the water filling port, the water filling port can be manually opened.
Furthermore, annotate liquid rifle one side and link to each other with fire hose or liquid nitrogen container, the opposite side inserts the water filling port. Different from a common fire-fighting lance, the water injection lance is long in length, about 2m, and can keep a certain safety distance with a new Energy Vehicle (EV) in a fire disaster. The liquid injection gun is wrapped by a heat insulating material to play a role in protection. Meanwhile, after the liquid injection gun and the water injection port are clamped together, if the fire is great, explosion danger exists, personnel can be far away from a new energy automobile (EV), and unmanned water injection or liquid nitrogen is realized.
Further, the detection system comprises a smoke sensor and a thermocouple, when the battery is out of control due to heat, a large amount of smoke can be generated, and meanwhile, the battery is abnormally heated. At this time, the sensor responds, and the detection system sends out an alarm signal.
Further, the control system is controlled by an independent power supply of the IP67 waterproof standard. After the battery thermal runaway, the detection system in the battery compartment alarms, the pressure relief port of the battery compartment is opened, the electromagnetic valve of the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system leading to the battery compartment is opened, the fire extinguishing agent is released into the battery compartment, and flame is extinguished. When the release of the fire extinguishing agent is finished and the thermocouple temperature in the battery compartment still rises, the situation that the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system cannot inhibit the thermal runaway propagation and the inhibition fails is shown, and a secondary fire extinguishing measure is started. The battery valve on water filling port and the delivery branch pipeline that leads to the battery storehouse of catching fire is opened, annotates the liquid rifle and inserts the water filling port, directly sends into the battery storehouse of catching fire through pipeline with water or liquid nitrogen, puts out a fire the cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method can realize accurate fire extinguishing, after the battery compartment on fire sends out a signal, the electromagnetic valve leading to the battery compartment is opened, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system and water are only released into the battery compartment on fire, the damage to other battery compartments and equipment in the vehicle is small, and the economic loss can be reduced to the maximum extent.
2. The method has two-stage fire extinguishing measures, when the battery compartment is on fire, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system is started first, and if the fire cannot be controlled, water or liquid nitrogen is injected into the battery compartment on fire through the water injection port. Extinguishes fire according to the fire hazard degree in a grading way, and has high reliability.
3. The method has the advantages of high utilization rate of water and liquid nitrogen, low consumption, high fire extinguishing speed and high efficiency. After the batteries in the battery compartment are completely submerged, the battery compartment is difficult to reburn.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a design drawing of a new Energy Vehicle (EV);
FIG. 2 is a view showing the internal structure of a battery case;
fig. 3 is a structural view of a fire-fighting lance.
Description of the major element numbers:
1: automobile chassis
2: water filling nozzle
3: charging port
4: conveying pipeline
5: electromagnetic valve for coolant
6: battery compartment
7: vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent
8: control system
9: fire extinguishing agent conveying hose
10: vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent battery valve
11: water outlet
12: liquid filling gun
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a fire extinguishing technical method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) is provided, and the method greatly improves the utilization rate of water or liquid nitrogen and the fire extinguishing efficiency through a simple water injection port design. When the battery in the battery compartment is out of control due to heat, the smoke and temperature sensors in the detection system respond to each other to send out an alarm signal. The control system opens the pressure relief port through the solenoid valve, prevents that the flue gas from gathering, and on-vehicle fire extinguishing system starts simultaneously, puts out the naked light, restraines or slows down the propagation of thermal runaway. When on-vehicle fire extinguishing systems restraines failure, the water filling port is opened, through annotating liquid rifle to water filling port injected water or nitrogen gas, directly send into the battery compartment of catching fire through pipeline inside, submerge the battery entirely, put out a fire the cooling to the battery.
The system mainly comprises an automobile chassis 1, a water filling port 2, a charging port 3, a conveying pipeline 4, a coolant battery valve 5, a battery bin 6, a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent 7, a control system 8, a fire extinguishing agent conveying hose 9, a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent electromagnetic valve 10, a water outlet 11, a liquid injection gun 12 and the like. The water filling port 2 is located below the charging port 3 and is located on the rear side of the automobile, and the two sides of the water filling port are respectively one. The delivery pipe 4 is directly connected with the water filling port 2, each delivery branch pipe directly enters the battery bin 6, and each branch pipe is provided with a coolant battery valve 5. A plurality of battery bins 6, vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agents 7, a control system 8 and the like are arranged in the automobile lower disc. The vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent is released into battery bins by fire extinguishing agent conveying hoses 9, and each battery bin is provided with a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent electromagnetic valve 10. A detection system is arranged in the battery compartment, and after the detection system gives an alarm, the control system 8 controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve to send the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent or water into the battery compartment on fire. The water outlet 11 is located below the chassis of the vehicle for draining excess water. The liquid injection gun 12 is about 2m long and can be directly connected to a water injection port.
The main implementation process of the method is as follows:
when the lithium battery in a certain battery compartment 6 is out of control due to heat, a detection system in the battery compartment responds to the temperature sensor, the smoke sensor and the like, and an alarm signal is sent out. The control system 8 opens the pressure relief opening in the battery compartment to prevent the accumulation of smoke in the compartment. Meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent battery valve 10 is controlled to be opened, under the driving of pressure, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing agent 7 is released into a battery chamber on fire through the fire extinguishing agent conveying hose 9, the battery fire is extinguished, and the propagation of thermal runaway of the battery is inhibited. If the inhibition is not successful and the temperature of the surrounding thermocouple still rises, a secondary fire extinguishing measure is started, and the water filling port 2 and the cooling liquid electromagnetic valve 5 on the conveying branch pipe are opened. The liquid injection gun 12 is connected to a water injection port, water or liquid nitrogen flows into the battery compartment on fire through the conveying pipeline 4, the battery is completely submerged, and fire extinguishing and temperature reduction are carried out. A water outlet 11 is arranged below the automobile chassis 1, and redundant water flowing into the battery compartment overflows through the pressure relief opening and is then discharged through the water outlet, so that damage to other battery compartments and equipment in the automobile is avoided.
The present embodiments are illustrative only, and do not limit the scope of the invention, and modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV), characterized by comprising:
the new energy automobile comprises a battery cabin, a vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system, a conveying pipeline, a pressure relief port, a water outlet, a water filling port, a liquid injection gun, a detection system and a control system; when the battery in the battery compartment is out of control due to heat, the smoke and temperature sensors in the detection system respond to send out an alarm signal; the control system opens the pressure relief port through the electromagnetic valve to prevent smoke accumulation, and simultaneously, the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish open fire and inhibit or slow down thermal runaway propagation; when on-vehicle fire extinguishing systems restraines the failure, the water filling port is opened, through annotating liquid rifle to water filling port injected water or liquid nitrogen, inside water or liquid nitrogen directly sent into the battery compartment that catches fire through pipeline, submerge the battery entirely, put out a fire the cooling to the battery.
2. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the battery compartment is positioned at the chassis of a new energy automobile (EV), the upper part of each battery compartment is provided with a pressure relief opening, smoke in the compartment can be discharged, the smoke is prevented from accumulating, and when the water level in the battery compartment is too high, the drainage effect can be achieved; when the coolant is liquid nitrogen, nitrogen can be discharged to release the pressure of the battery bin.
3. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing agent, an electromagnetic valve and a conveying hose, and is directly communicated to the interior of the battery compartment; the fire extinguishing agent is mainly a gas fire extinguishing agent such as heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone, and the driving mode is high-pressure driving, so that open fire can be extinguished, and the thermal runaway propagation can be inhibited or delayed.
4. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the main conveying pipeline is directly connected with the water injection port, each conveying branch pipeline directly enters the battery bin, the conveying pipeline is made of high-temperature-resistant materials, and a heat insulation layer is wrapped outside the conveying pipeline, so that other devices in the vehicle are not affected; the diameter of the conveying pipeline is determined by the water injection flow and the size of the battery bin; water or liquid nitrogen enters from the water injection port and can be directly sent into the battery compartment to carry out total flooding fire extinguishing on the battery; the utilization rate of the coolant is high, the coolant can directly act on the battery, and meanwhile, the damage to other equipment of the new energy automobile is reduced.
5. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the water outlet is positioned at the bottom of the new energy automobile chassis, so that redundant water in the battery compartment on fire can be discharged, and the phenomenon that other battery compartments and other equipment in the automobile are damaged due to overhigh water level is avoided.
6. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the water injection port is positioned below the charging port, and one is arranged on each of two sides of the new energy automobile (EV); the water injection port is normally in a closed state, conforms to the IP67 waterproof standard, and prevents water from flowing into the battery compartment through the water injection port in rainy and snowy days; one side of the water filling port is provided with a manual opening button, and if the control system fails to open the water filling port, the water filling port can be manually opened.
7. The fire extinguishing method of a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 4, characterized in that:
one side of the liquid injection gun is connected with a fire hose or a liquid nitrogen tank, and the other side of the liquid injection gun is connected with a water injection port; different from a common fire-fighting lance, the length of the water injection lance is longer, about 2m, a certain safety distance can be kept between the water injection lance and a new Energy Vehicle (EV) in a fire disaster, and the water injection lance is wrapped with a heat insulation material to play a protection role; meanwhile, after the liquid injection gun and the water injection port are clamped together, if the fire is great, explosion danger exists, personnel can be far away from a new energy automobile (EV), and unmanned water injection or liquid nitrogen is realized.
8. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the detection system is positioned in the battery compartment and comprises a smoke sensor and a thermocouple, when the battery is out of control due to heat, a large amount of smoke is generated, and meanwhile, the battery is abnormally heated; at this time, the sensor responds, and the detection system sends out an alarm signal.
9. The fire extinguishing method for a new Energy Vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the control system is controlled by an independent power supply of IP67 waterproof standard; when the battery is out of control due to heat, the detection system in the battery compartment gives an alarm, the pressure relief port of the battery compartment is opened, the electromagnetic valve of the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system leading to the battery compartment is opened, the fire extinguishing agent is released into the battery compartment, and flame is extinguished; when the release of the fire extinguishing agent is finished and the thermocouple temperature in the battery compartment still rises, the situation that the vehicle-mounted fire extinguishing system cannot inhibit the thermal runaway propagation and the failure is inhibited is shown, and a secondary fire extinguishing measure is started; the battery valve on water filling port and the delivery branch pipeline that leads to the battery storehouse of catching fire is opened, annotates the liquid rifle and inserts the water filling port, directly sends into the battery storehouse of catching fire through pipeline with water or liquid nitrogen, puts out a fire the cooling.
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| CN202011522122.9A CN112604203A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Fire extinguishing method for new energy automobile |
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| CN202011522122.9A CN112604203A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Fire extinguishing method for new energy automobile |
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| CN112604203A true CN112604203A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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| CN202011522122.9A Pending CN112604203A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Fire extinguishing method for new energy automobile |
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| CN114768141A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-22 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Car with fire control structure |
| DE102021211577A1 (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2022-09-08 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Battery system for a vehicle and method for operating such a battery system |
| EP4162984A1 (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-04-12 | Sp/f 28. juni 2000 | System, vehicle parking environment and method for extinguishing a fire in an electric vehicle |
| WO2023237045A1 (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-14 | 许竣翔 | Cooling and fire-extinguishing device for electric power storage system |
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