CN114221085A - Thermal runaway safety protection structure of large-capacity battery - Google Patents
Thermal runaway safety protection structure of large-capacity battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN114221085A CN114221085A CN202111645090.6A CN202111645090A CN114221085A CN 114221085 A CN114221085 A CN 114221085A CN 202111645090 A CN202111645090 A CN 202111645090A CN 114221085 A CN114221085 A CN 114221085A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
- H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a thermal runaway safety protection structure of large capacity battery, including the pipeline of bleeding, circulation pipeline, fire-retardant medium release and starting drive, starting drive just, the negative pole contact piece starts fire-retardant medium release after being strikeed the contact by thermal runaway gas in the pipeline of bleeding, utilize the gas pressure in the pipeline of bleeding to trigger in step, and send actuating signal to fire-retardant medium release, make battery thermal runaway combustible gas and fire-retardant medium release almost in step, and carry out the pipeline to the combustible gas of battery thermal runaway and mix dilution, cooling, it is fire-retardant, can reduce below the combustible concentration and discharge safely with mixed gas, effectively avoid the battery because the combustible gas that the thermal runaway leads to reveals the explosion that leads to, secondary disasters such as catching fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery safety, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway safety protection structure of a high-capacity battery.
Technical Field
The lithium battery is a novel battery with high specific energy, high voltage, long service life, no harm to the environment and no memory, the lithium battery with the traditional structure can generate a large amount of heat in the working process, and the heat conductivity of the lithium battery material is poor, so the heat inside the lithium battery with the structure can be rapidly accumulated, the temperature of the lithium battery is too high, the performance of the lithium battery can be further reduced or thermal runaway can be caused, and dangerous consequences such as combustion or explosion can be caused seriously.
The safety structure of the lithium battery is provided with the improved heat dissipation performance, the battery is cooled, and the like, the pressure relief port is arranged, the air bag is collected, and the like, so that the battery heat dissipation performance is improved, the battery is cooled, the prior safety measures are carried out on the battery, and the arrangement of the pressure relief port and the collection of the air bag is a safety remedy measure for really generating thermal runaway of the battery. When the pressure relief port is opened due to thermal runaway of the lithium battery, electrolyte, positive and negative electrode materials and other substances in the lithium battery are sprayed into the environment along with high temperature in the battery, the substances, particularly the electrolyte, are extremely combustible substances, the temperature is higher than the self-ignition point of the electrolyte when the electrolyte is sprayed out, the electrolyte and the self-ignition point can be immediately combusted in the air, and other substances near the battery are ignited, so that secondary damage is caused. Generally, a fire caused by thermal runaway of a lithium battery is difficult to extinguish, and the fire can only wait for combustible substances in the battery to burn out, so that once the thermal runaway of the battery occurs, the main problem to be solved by the safety structure is to reduce the degree of secondary damage.
Different from general conflagration, the process of battery thermal runaway constantly produces combustible gas, and it is very big to produce the heat quantity, if the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent starts simultaneously when the battery thermal runaway, then the battery thermal runaway constantly produced gas can extrude the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent out of the battery compartment always, consequently only designs the quantity of hot aerosol extinguishing device with the space size in battery compartment and obviously can not satisfy the fire extinguishing needs of battery fire.
For example, patent CN202997005U discloses a battery safety protection device, which includes a battery box and a storage container for storing a cooling agent, wherein the battery box is used for placing more than one battery, the battery box is connected with the storage container through a connecting pipeline, and the part of the connecting pipeline located in the battery box is provided with more than one starting device; through setting up battery or group battery in a battery box, be equipped with the storage container of cooling agent through the connecting tube to battery box and one again and be linked together, be equipped with starting drive on the connecting tube, the heat that releases when a certain battery short circuit can lead to the temperature rise in the battery box, thereby starting drive can open, the cooling agent in the storage container can enter into the temperature decline that makes in the battery box of battery box, but this kind of mode can only be through cooling, the prevention battery thermal runaway, but still can take place the possibility of thermal runaway explosion when the heat of battery exceeds the ability of its cooling.
For example, patent CN 112316332A proposes an early warning method for a lithium ion battery cabinet, the early warning features include temperature, characteristic gas, smoke, and flame, and the fire extinguishing system includes nozzles and fire extinguishing agent storage tanks located around the lithium battery 1. The third-level early warning comprises the following steps: 1, the temperature of the lithium battery is abnormal but does not reach a preset temperature threshold value; 2, the temperature of the lithium battery is higher than a preset threshold value, and characteristic gas, smoke signals and flame signals are detected; 3, lithium cell temperature is higher than preset threshold value and characteristic gas concentration, smog concentration continuously rise and are higher than preset threshold value, and its fire control measure is for spraying different doses's fire extinguishing agent, and this patent monitors battery outside temperature information, but has obvious temperature difference inside and outside the battery, leads to it can not accurate reaction battery thermal runaway state. Patent CN 108008083A provides a lithium ion battery pack thermal runaway automatic alarm based on gas monitoring, which consists of a collecting device, a gas monitoring device, a control device and an alarm device. The collecting device comprises a collecting cover, a flame arrester and an air pump which are arranged above the anode of the battery; the monitoring device comprises a gas collecting box, a gas sensor and a DuPont wire. The early warning method comprises collecting gas emitted from the lithium ion battery 1 by a gas collecting cover, and transmitting the gas to a gas sensor by a gas pump, wherein CO and H are arranged in the gas sensor2The concentration threshold of (b) is 120ppm, when one of them isThe gas concentration reaches a threshold value and then sends out an alarm signal, H of the patent2The concentration threshold is unreasonable and is monitored only by single gas, the result reliability is poor, false alarm and false alarm are easy to occur, and the two patents cannot effectively avoid the explosion problem caused by mixed gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery.
Also, CN212700167U discloses a passive fire extinguishing apparatus and a battery pack, wherein a fire extinguishing chamber is disposed in the battery pack, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent is disposed in the fire extinguishing chamber, the fire extinguishing agent and a driving gas are sealed together to form a fire extinguishing agent under pressure, when the battery is out of control due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing agent is driven by the driving gas to extinguish the battery, and when the battery is put out fire in this way, the temperature is high and the time is long during thermal runaway, so that the fire extinguishing agent under pressure may explode, and the fire extinguishing agent may not be released prematurely.
Therefore, when the battery is out of control due to thermal runaway, the fire extinguishing system is arranged to orderly spray the fire extinguishing agent to mix with the combustible gas generated when the battery 1 is out of control due to thermal runaway and enable the mixed gas to reach the combustible concentration or be out of the explosion limit range, and the key point of whether the fire extinguishing system can achieve the purpose of suppressing the battery fire is that. Because the battery is typically maintained for several minutes during thermal runaway, if the fire suppressant in the fire suppression system is not released in a controlled manner, it may be released prematurely, and then the battery may explode or ignite other objects during the thermal runaway. However, the prior art does not achieve ideal effect in the treatment of the technical problems, and does not effectively solve the persistent problems of whether the fire can be effectively extinguished and whether secondary damage is caused to the surroundings or secondary fire is caused after the fire is extinguished.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a thermal runaway safety protection structure of a large-capacity battery, which can effectively avoid secondary disasters such as explosion, ignition and the like caused by combustible gas leakage caused by thermal runaway of the battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a thermal runaway safety protection structure of a large capacity battery, comprising:
the discharge pipeline is communicated with the pressure relief port of the battery unit and is used for discharging thermal runaway combustible gas;
the circulating pipeline is connected with the outlet of the discharge pipeline and is used for diluting and mixing the thermal runaway combustible gas;
the flame-retardant medium releasing device is communicated with the discharge pipeline and is used for releasing the flame-retardant medium of the dilutable thermal runaway combustible gas;
and the starting device is synchronously triggered by utilizing the gas pressure in the discharge pipeline and sends a starting signal to the flame-retardant medium releasing device.
Further limiting, the circulating pipeline is an annular pipeline, and a mixed gas inlet and a mixed gas outlet are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the annular pipeline, so that the mixed thermal runaway combustible gas circularly flows in the annular pipeline to prolong the thread.
Further limiting, a second gas one-way valve is arranged on the mixed gas inlet and is communicated with the discharge pipeline through the second gas one-way valve; and a safety valve is arranged on the mixed gas outlet.
Further limiting, the discharge pipeline comprises a first branch, a second branch and a third branch, the first branch and the third branch form a straight-through structure, the first branch is communicated with a pressure relief opening of the battery, the third branch is communicated with a mixed gas inlet of the circulation pipeline, an outlet end of the second branch is communicated with a connection point of the first branch and the second branch, and the second branch is communicated with the flame-retardant medium release device.
Further limit, the third branch road inner chamber is provided with a plurality of spoilers, and a plurality of spoilers dislocation distribution.
Further, the spoiler is in a semicircular, fan-shaped or crescent-shaped structure.
Further, the starting device comprises a negative contact piece and a positive contact piece, the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece are oppositely arranged in the first branch of the discharge pipeline, and the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece are electrically connected with the flame-retardant medium release device.
Further, the starting device further comprises a power supply, the negative contact piece is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the positive contact piece is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a starting switch or an electromagnetic valve of the flame-retardant medium releasing device.
Further, the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece are respectively fixed with the first branch of the discharge pipeline in an insulating way through an insulating layer.
Further defined, the distance between the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece is enough to enable the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece to be contacted through pressure impact of the thermal runaway combustible gas.
Further, the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece are made of magnetic metal materials.
Further limited, a flame-retardant medium capable of diluting thermal runaway combustible gas is arranged in the flame-retardant medium releasing device.
Further defined, the flame retardant medium is one or more of heptafluoropropane, nitrogen, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroacetone, or perfluorohexanone.
Further limit, the inner cavity of the first branch is provided with a filter material, and the filter material is rock wool or glass fiber cotton.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the utility model provides a safety protection structure's start-up trigger part is simple, and the working process need not artificial intervention, through just, negative pole contact piece that sets up in the pipeline of releasing, utilizes battery thermal runaway combustible gas's impact to put through the circuit rapidly and starts fire-retardant medium release, makes fire-retardant medium and battery thermal runaway combustible gas reach the effect of spouting in step, realizes the purpose that thermal runaway combustible gas and fire-retardant medium release in step mix.
2) The vortex structure is established at the exit end of this application in the pipeline of releasing, makes thermal runaway combustible gas and fire-retardant medium mix the back through the vortex of spoiler, and the extension thread makes both reach preliminary mixing at the pipeline exit end of releasing.
3) The mixed gas circulation pipeline that this application set up is favorable to the further abundant mixture of mixed gas at the in-process that the pipeline circulation flows, but the relief valve on the mixed pipeline intermittent type formula is opened, and when line pressure reached the valve opening pressure, the relief valve was opened, and when the pipeline internal pressure descends, the relief valve was closed, and the mixed gas in the pipeline intensive mixing under the pressure limiting condition.
4) This application can dilute, cool off, fire-retardant to the combustible gas of battery thermal runaway, makes its flammable greatly reduced, but safe emission or safe collection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal runaway safety protection structure of a first large-capacity battery 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal runaway safety protection structure of the second large-capacity battery 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the bleed line 2;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the bleed line 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the circulation line 3;
in the figure, 1-battery; 2-a bleed line; 21-a first branch; 22-a second branch; 23-a connection interface; 24-a third branch, 25-a spoiler; 3-a circulation pipeline; 31-mixed gas inlet; 32-mixed gas outlet; 33-ring line; 34-a pipe joint; 4-a fire retardant media release device; 5-a power supply; 6-first gas check valve; 7-a second gas check valve; 8-safety valve; 9-negative contact piece; 10-a positive contact piece; 11-electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text. It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The application is mainly a safety protection structure designed aiming at the problem of thermal runaway of a high-capacity lithium battery 1, but is not limited to the use of the lithium battery 1.
Referring to fig. 1, the thermal runaway safety protection structure of a large capacity battery of the present application includes:
the discharge pipeline 2 is communicated with a pressure discharge port of the battery 1 unit and is used for discharging thermal runaway combustible gas in time when the thermal runaway occurs in the battery 1 unit;
the flame-retardant medium release device 4 is communicated with the discharge pipeline 2 and used for releasing the flame-retardant medium of the dilutable thermal runaway combustible gas to the output section of the discharge pipeline 2;
and the circulating pipeline 3 is connected with the third branch 24 of the discharge pipeline 2 and is used for fully mixing the thermal runaway combustible gas and the flame-retardant medium in the pipeline, and cooling, diluting and mixing the thermal runaway combustible gas by using the flame-retardant medium to reduce the concentration of the combustible gas to be below the combustible concentration.
The starting device is synchronously triggered by the pressure of the thermal runaway combustible gas discharged from the first branch 21 of the discharge pipeline 2 and sends a starting signal to the flame-retardant medium release device 4.
Specifically, the vent line 2 of the present application is similar to a three-way structure, see fig. 3 and 4, and includes a first branch 21, a second branch 22, and a third branch 24, where the first branch 21 and the third branch 24 form a straight-through structure, the first branch 21 is communicated with a pressure relief opening of the battery 1 through a connection interface 23, and a vent membrane or a vent valve and the like are generally installed on the pressure relief opening of the battery 1. In order to avoid gas backflow, a first gas check valve 6 is also mounted on the first branch 21, and the first gas check valve 6 only allows the thermal runaway combustible gas to flow from the pressure relief port of the battery 1 to the third branch 24. The third branch 24 is communicated with a mixed gas inlet 31 of the circulating pipeline 3, an outlet end of the second branch 22 is communicated with a connection point of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22, and the second branch 22 is communicated with the flame-retardant medium release device 4, so that the flame-retardant medium is released after the flame-retardant medium release device 4 is started, and is conveyed into the third branch 24 through the second branch 22, and the flame-retardant medium and the thermal runaway combustible gas output by the first branch 21 are primarily mixed in the third branch 24. In order to further ensure the gas mixing effect, the pipe diameter of the third branch 24 is designed to be larger than the pipe diameters of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22, the pipe diameters of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are equal, and the pipe diameter of the third branch 24 is 1.5-3 times of the pipe diameter of the first branch 21. Further, in order to prevent the backflow of the mixed gas, a second gas check valve 7 is installed at a connection of the third branch 24 and the circulation line 3.
Further, in order to filter solid particles discharged by thermal runaway, a filter material is arranged in the inner cavity of the first branch 21, the thickness of the filter material is not more than the pipe diameter of the first branch 21, and the filter material can be rock wool or glass fiber wool.
Further, a plurality of spoilers 25 are disposed in the inner cavity of the third branch 24 to mix the mixed gas in a turbulent manner, so that the mixed gas can reach an initial mixing state. In order to ensure that the flame-retardant medium and the thermal runaway combustible gas can smoothly circulate and are mixed in a blocking way, the spoilers 25 are arranged in the third branch 24 in a relatively staggered mode, the distance between the spoilers is not more than the pipe diameter, and the single spoilers can be also obliquely arranged at an angle of 5-15 degrees. In addition, the spoiler 25 can be a semicircular, fan-shaped or crescent-shaped structure, and the projected area of the spoiler in the pipeline is not more than two thirds of the cross section of the third branch 24 and not less than one half of the cross section of the third branch 24, so as to ensure that the combustible gas and the flame retardant medium achieve the effect of preliminary mixing before entering the circulating pipeline 3.
Referring to fig. 5, the circulation pipeline 3 of the present application is an annular pipeline 33, which may be a rectangular annular pipeline 33, a circular annular pipeline 33, or a triangular annular pipeline, and the bottom of the annular pipeline is provided with a mixed gas inlet 31, and the top of the annular pipeline is provided with a mixed gas outlet 32, so that the mixed thermal runaway combustible gas can flow circularly in the annular pipeline 33. The circulating pipeline prolongs the flow thread of the mixed gas, and the flame-retardant medium and the thermal runaway combustible gas can be fully mixed under the pressure limiting state. In order to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 can be circulated in a pressure limiting manner, the mixed gas outlet 32 is connected with the safety valve 8 through the pipe joint 34, the valve opening pressure of the safety valve 8 is 0.8-1.0 MPa, and the safety valve 8 can be opened and closed intermittently according to the pressure in the circulating pipeline 3 to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 is in a pressurized state.
The starting device comprises a negative contact piece 9 and a positive contact piece 10 which are arranged in an inner cavity of a first branch 21, wherein the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 are arranged oppositely and are respectively electrically connected with the flame-retardant medium release device 4 through leads to start the flame-retardant medium release device 4. Considering the electrical safety of the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10, the connection ends of the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 with the lead and the connection ends of the lead and the pipe wall of the first branch 21 are respectively provided with an insulating layer, and insulating protection measures are taken. The distance between the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 is 5-8 mm as reference, and the contact is specifically based on the requirement of pressure impact of thermal runaway combustible gas. The negative electrode contact piece 9 and the positive electrode contact piece 10 can be made of magnetic metal materials such as conductive magnetic metals of iron alloy, iron, cobalt, nickel and the like, the thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm, two contact pieces can be conveniently and stably contacted, and stable operation can be guaranteed during pressure relief. The material and the dimension specification of the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 are adjusted according to the pipe diameter of the first branch 21, the contact area of the negative contact piece and the positive contact piece is not more than one half of the cross section area of the first branch 21, the contact conduction is guaranteed, and the air flow passing is not influenced.
The flame-retardant medium release device 4 comprises a power supply 5 and a starting switch connected with the power supply 5, referring to fig. 2, a negative contact piece 9 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply 5, a positive contact piece 10 is connected with the starting switch and is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply 5 through the starting switch, when the negative contact piece 9 is contacted with the positive contact piece 10, a starting circuit of the flame-retardant medium release device 4 is conducted, the starting switch is opened, the flame-retardant medium is normally released, namely, the impact force of the thermal runaway combustible gas is utilized to make the negative contact piece 9 contacted with the positive contact piece 10, the starting circuit is conducted, the flame-retardant medium is released, the pressure relief of the battery 1 unit and the synchronous start of the flame-retardant medium release are achieved (the time interval is not more than 2s), and the flame-retardant dilution effect is ensured. Further, the start switch may be replaced with the solenoid 11.
The flame-retardant medium filled in the flame-retardant medium releasing device 4 is mainly one or more of heptafluoropropane, nitrogen, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroacetone or perfluorohexanone, but when a plurality of the flame-retardant media are mixed, the compatibility of the materials and the stability of the flame-retardant media under normal temperature and pressure are required to be met, which belongs to the known technology.
When the device is used, the impact force of the thermal runaway combustible gas of the battery 1 is utilized to enable the anode contact piece 10 to be contacted with the cathode contact piece 9, the starting circuit of the flame-retardant medium release device 4 is conducted, the flame-retardant medium release device 4 is synchronously started to release the flame-retardant medium into the second branch 22, the flame-retardant medium of the second branch 22 and the thermal runaway combustible gas of the first branch 21 are preliminarily mixed in the third branch 24 and then enter the circulating pipeline 3, the mixture is sufficiently circulated and mixed in the pipeline under the pressure limiting state of the circulating pipeline 3, the purposes of diluting, retarding and cooling the thermal runaway combustible gas by utilizing the flame-retardant medium are achieved, when the pressure in the circulating pipeline 3 reaches the pressure threshold value of the safety valve 8, the safety valve 8 is opened, the mixed gas is discharged or discharged into the gas collecting device, the safe release of the thermal runaway combustible gas of the battery 1 is ensured, and the explosion caused by the thermal runaway of the battery 1 is effectively avoided, Fire and other secondary disasters.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the discharge line 2 is similar to a three-way structure, and includes a first branch 21, a second branch 22, and a third branch 24, where the first branch 21 and the third branch 24 form a straight-through structure, the first branch 21 communicates with a pressure relief opening of the battery 1, the third branch 24 communicates with a mixed gas inlet 31 of the circulation line 3, an outlet end of the second branch 22 communicates with a connection point of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22, the second branch 22 communicates with the fire-retardant medium release device 4, inner diameters of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are 25mm, and an inner diameter of the third branch 24 is 50 mm. Rock wool with the thickness of 20mm is filled in the inner cavity of the first branch 21, and the thermal runaway combustible gas is filtered. The inner cavity of the third branch 24 is provided with the 4 crescent spoilers 25, mixed gas is subjected to turbulent flow mixing, so that the mixed gas can reach a preliminary mixing state, the thickness of each spoiler 25 is 0.3mm, and the projection area of each spoiler in the third branch 24 is two thirds of the cross section of the third branch 24, so that smooth gas flow is ensured.
The circulating pipeline 3 of this embodiment is a rectangular annular pipeline 33, the bottom of which is provided with a mixed gas inlet 31, and the top of which is provided with a mixed gas outlet 32, so that the mixed thermal runaway combustible gas can circularly flow in the annular pipeline 33, the thread is prolonged, and the flame retardant medium and the thermal runaway combustible gas are fully mixed under the pressure limiting state. In order to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 can be circulated in a pressure limiting manner, the mixed gas outlet 32 is provided with a safety valve 8, the valve opening pressure of the safety valve 8 is 1.0MPa, and the safety valve 8 can be opened and closed intermittently according to the pressure in the circulating pipeline 3 to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 is in a pressurized state.
The distance between the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 of the present embodiment is 5mm, which is made of iron alloy, the thickness is 1mm, and the contact area is preferably one third of the cross-sectional area of the first branch 21, so as to ensure the contact conduction, but not affect the air flow.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the discharge line 2 is similar to a three-way structure, and includes a first branch 21, a second branch 22, and a third branch 24, where the first branch 21 and the third branch 24 form a straight-through structure, the first branch 21 communicates with a pressure relief opening of the battery 1, the third branch 24 communicates with a mixed gas inlet 31 of the circulation line 3, an outlet end of the second branch 22 communicates with a connection point of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22, the second branch 22 communicates with the fire-retardant medium release device 4, inner diameters of the first branch 21 and the second branch 22 are 30mm, and an inner diameter of the third branch 24 is 75 mm. Rock wool with the thickness of 25mm is filled in the inner cavity of the first branch 21, and the thermal runaway combustible gas is filtered. 3 semicircular spoilers 25 are arranged in the inner cavity of the third branch 24, the spoilers 25 are upwards inclined by 10 degrees along the gas flow direction, mixed gas is subjected to turbulent flow mixing, so that the mixed gas can reach a preliminary mixing state, the thickness of each spoiler 25 is 0.5mm, and the projection area of each spoiler in the third branch 24 is one half of the cross section of the third branch 24, so that smooth gas flow is ensured.
The circulating pipeline 3 of this embodiment is a rectangular annular pipeline 33, the bottom of which is provided with a mixed gas inlet 31, and the top of which is provided with a mixed gas outlet 32, so that the mixed thermal runaway combustible gas can circularly flow in the annular pipeline 33, the thread is prolonged, and the flame retardant medium and the thermal runaway combustible gas are fully mixed under the pressure limiting state. In order to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 can be circulated in a pressure limiting manner, the mixed gas outlet 32 is provided with a safety valve 8, the valve opening pressure of the safety valve 8 is 0.8MPa, and the safety valve 8 can be opened and closed intermittently according to the pressure in the circulating pipeline 3 to ensure that the mixed gas in the circulating pipeline 3 is in a pressurized state.
The distance between the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 of the present embodiment is 8mm, the distance is made of iron alloy, the thickness is 1.5mm, and the contact area is half of the cross-sectional area of the first branch 21, so that the contact conduction can be ensured, but the air flow passing is not influenced.
The starting device of the present application may be replaced with a pressure sensor that is generally commercially available, and is not limited to the structure of the negative contact piece 9 and the positive contact piece 10 of the present application.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (14)
1. A thermal runaway safety protection structure of a large capacity battery, comprising:
the discharge pipeline (2) is communicated with a pressure relief port of the battery (1) unit and is used for discharging thermal runaway combustible gas;
the circulating pipeline (3) is connected with the outlet of the discharge pipeline (2) and is used for diluting and mixing the thermal runaway combustible gas;
the flame-retardant medium release device (4) is communicated with the discharge pipeline (2) and is used for releasing the flame-retardant medium of the dilutable thermal runaway combustible gas;
and the starting device is synchronously triggered by utilizing the gas pressure in the discharge pipeline (2) and sends a starting signal to the flame-retardant medium releasing device (4).
2. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries according to claim 1, wherein the circulation line (3) is a loop line (33), and a mixed gas inlet (31) and a mixed gas outlet (32) are provided on opposite sides of the loop line (33), respectively, so that the mixed thermal runaway combustible gas circulates in the loop line (33) for a prolonged period of time.
3. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that a second gas check valve (7) is provided on the mixed gas inlet (31) and is communicated with the bleed line (2) through the second gas check valve (7); and a safety valve (8) is arranged on the mixed gas outlet (32).
4. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries according to claim 3, characterised in that the vent line (2) comprises a first branch (21), a second branch (22) and a third branch (24), the first branch (21) and the third branch (24) form a straight-through configuration, the first branch (21) communicates with a pressure relief opening of the battery (1), the third branch (24) communicates with a mixed gas inlet (31) of the circulation line (3), the outlet end of the second branch (22) communicates with a junction of the first branch (21) and the second branch (22), and the second branch (22) communicates with the fire retardant medium release device (4).
5. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of spoilers (25) are provided in the interior of the third branch (24), and the plurality of spoilers (25) are arranged in a staggered manner.
6. The thermal runaway safety protection structure for large capacity batteries according to claim 5, wherein the spoiler (25) has a semicircular, fan-shaped or crescent-shaped structure.
7. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries according to claim 5, characterised in that the starting means comprises a negative contact (9) and a positive contact (10), the negative contact (9) and the positive contact (10) are oppositely arranged in the first branch (21) of the discharge line (2), and the negative contact (9) and the positive contact (10) are electrically connected with the fire retardant medium release means (4).
8. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries according to claim 7, characterised in that the starting means further comprises a power supply (5), the negative contact piece (9) is connected to the negative pole of the power supply (5), and the positive contact piece (10) is connected to the positive pole of the power supply (5) through the starting switch of the fire retardant medium releasing means (4) or the electromagnetic valve (11).
9. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries according to claim 7, characterised in that the negative contact tab (9) and the positive contact tab (10) are respectively fixed in insulation with the first branch (21) of the bleed line (2) by means of an insulating layer.
10. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries according to claim 7, characterised in that the spacing between the negative contact tab (9) and the positive contact tab (10) is such that thermal runaway combustible gas pressure surges into contact.
11. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries according to claim 7, characterised in that the negative contact tab (9) and the positive contact tab (10) are made of magnetic metal material.
12. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for large capacity batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that a flame retardant medium capable of diluting thermal runaway combustible gas is provided in the flame retardant medium releasing means (4).
13. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries as claimed in claim 12, wherein the flame retardant media is one or more of heptafluoropropane, nitrogen, perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroacetone, or perfluorohexanone.
14. The thermal runaway safety protection architecture for high capacity batteries as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the inner cavity of the first branch (21) is provided with a filter material, which is rock wool or glass fibre wool.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111645090.6A CN114221085A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Thermal runaway safety protection structure of large-capacity battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111645090.6A CN114221085A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Thermal runaway safety protection structure of large-capacity battery |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023231845A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and battery |
| WO2024153343A1 (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh | Battery extinguishing container |
-
2021
- 2021-12-29 CN CN202111645090.6A patent/CN114221085A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023231845A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and battery |
| WO2024153343A1 (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | Fogtec Brandschutz Gmbh | Battery extinguishing container |
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