CN114191750A - Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114191750A CN114191750A CN202111460521.1A CN202111460521A CN114191750A CN 114191750 A CN114191750 A CN 114191750A CN 202111460521 A CN202111460521 A CN 202111460521A CN 114191750 A CN114191750 A CN 114191750A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/005—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material using nozzles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system, wherein the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system comprises a fire detection module, a fire-extinguishing re-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression module and a control module, wherein the fire detection module is used for locating the position of a fire and sending out a fire occurrence signal, the control module is used for controlling the fire-extinguishing re-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression module to be opened or closed, the fire-extinguishing re-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression module is used for quickly extinguishing the open fire and preventing the battery from re-combustion and explosion, the passivation fire-extinguishing re-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression module comprises a storage device used for storing fire-extinguishing re-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression media, the fire-combustion-prevention explosion-suppression media are a combination of 90% -99.8% of lithium passivation gas and 0.3% -10% of halogenated hydrocarbon gas, and the lithium passivation gas is one or a combination of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The invention adopts the halogenated hydrocarbon gas in the fire-extinguishing re-combustion-preventing explosion-suppressing medium to quickly extinguish the initial open fire and quickly prevent the spread and diffusion of the open fire; meanwhile, the lithium passivation medium passivates active lithium substances, absorbs heat and cools, inhibits the generation of combustible and explosive gas, and simultaneously realizes three functions of high-efficiency fire extinguishing, afterburning prevention and explosion inhibition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system.
Background
In 2020, China proposes ambitious targets of 'carbon peak reaching in 2030 and carbon neutralization in 2060', and develops clean low-carbon energy such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like vigorously. Wind power and photovoltaic energy have volatility and randomness, and large-scale energy storage needs to be configured. Lithium battery energy storage is an important energy storage system and accounts for 92% of the electrochemical energy storage loading capacity. As 2020, the accumulative installation of lithium battery energy storage devices in China reaches 13.6GW, 600GW is expected in 2035 years, and the market scale is over 2 trillion.
The lithium battery energy storage system is easy to generate thermal runaway under the coupling action of electrical faults such as internal and external short circuits, overcharge and the like and heat sources, release a large amount of heat and explosive gas, and cause fire and explosion. Lithium battery energy storage fire and explosion accidents frequently occur at home and abroad in recent years. In addition, the number of lithium batteries in the large lithium battery energy storage station is over one hundred thousand, the capacity of the large lithium battery energy storage station reaches more than 10000kWh, the large lithium battery energy storage station is far higher than that of an electric automobile (generally <100kWh), and the fire is difficult to extinguish and is harmful greatly. The lithium battery energy storage battery is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field of energy storage.
Different from the conventional fire, the lithium battery has spontaneous continuous thermal runaway, and is very easy to re-ignite after open fire is extinguished. Meanwhile, when the battery is out of control, a large amount of chemical reactions occur inside the battery, a large amount of explosive gas is generated, and the battery is easy to explode. The conventional fire extinguishing technology is difficult to quickly extinguish the open fire of the battery, cannot block chemical reaction in the battery, and is also difficult to absorb a large amount of heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery, so that the restriking and explosion are difficult to inhibit. At present, the energy storage lithium battery mainly adopts a water, heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing system. The water fire extinguishing system adopts water to extinguish fire, water conducts electricity, and the release to batteries and electrical equipment causes short circuit of the equipment. The heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent has poor cooling capacity, and can not inhibit re-combustion caused by thermal runaway of a lithium battery and can not inhibit explosion of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system and method for a lithium battery energy storage system, and aims to solve the technical problems that a fire-extinguishing system in the prior art is difficult to extinguish open fire quickly and inhibit reburning and explosion.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system, comprising:
the fire detection module is used for detecting and positioning the fire position in the energy storage battery compartment and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module is used for quickly extinguishing open fire and preventing battery re-burning explosion, and comprises a storage device for storing fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media, wherein the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media are a combination of 90% -99.8% of lithium passivation gas and 0.3% -10% of halohydrocarbon gas, and the lithium passivation gas is one or a combination of two of nitrogen and carbon dioxide; and
a control module in communication with the fire detection module and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal sent by the fire detection module;
and controlling the fire extinguishing, re-burning preventing and explosion suppressing module to be opened or closed according to the fire occurrence signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is a halogenated hydrocarbon containing two or more halogen elements at the same time.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is CBrF ═ CF2、CHF、 CF2＝CHCF3、CF2＝CFCF3、CClF＝CF2、CF3-S-CF3、CF3CN、CH2＝CHCF3、 CF2＝CF2、CF2＝CHF、CH2＝CF2、CCl3F、CCl2F2、CHClF2、CF3I、CF3Br、 CH2＝CHBr、N(CF3)3One or more of the above.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module is communicated with the battery module through a communication pipeline, the battery module comprises a plurality of energy storage battery compartments which are arranged in an up-down stacked manner, one end of the communication pipeline is communicated with a main pipeline, the other end of the communication pipeline is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines, the branch pipelines correspondingly extend into the tops of the energy storage battery compartments one by one, and nozzles for spraying the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium to the energy storage battery compartments are installed at the outlets of the branch pipelines.
In the embodiment of the invention, an opening control valve, a one-way circulation valve and a selection valve are sequentially arranged on the main pipeline along the circulation direction of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium.
In an embodiment of the invention, the fire detection module comprises one or more of a smoke sensing component for detecting smoke, a temperature sensing component for monitoring temperature, a combustible gas detection component for monitoring combustible gas and a deformation detection component for monitoring deformation of a battery shell.
In an embodiment of the invention, the combustible gas is H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、SO2、 C2H6、C3H6One or more of the above.
In the embodiment of the invention, the storage temperature range of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is-30-20 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the storage pressure of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is in the range of 1MPa to 10 MPa.
Moreover, the invention also provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system, which is applied to the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal and positioning a fire occurrence position;
and controlling the fire-extinguishing re-combustion prevention and explosion suppression module to be opened according to the fire occurrence signal, and starting to extinguish the fire.
Through the technical scheme, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the fire detection module detects that the lithium battery energy storage system has a fire and positions the fire, the control module controls the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module to be opened, and N in the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is added into the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium2、 CO2The mixture is used as lithium passivation gas to be mixed with a high-efficiency halohydrocarbon gas fire extinguishing medium containing two or more halogen elements in the fire extinguishing, re-burning preventing and explosion suppression medium, and is used for extinguishing lithium battery fire; specifically, the method adopts a high-efficiency halohydrocarbon gas fire extinguishing medium to quickly extinguish the open fire, simultaneously passivates active lithium by using lithium passivation gas, dilutes explosive gas to inhibit the generation of combustible explosive gas, inhibits thermal runaway and thermal spread of a battery, stops the fire and explosion of a lithium battery, and simultaneously realizes three functions of quickly extinguishing the fire, preventing the reignition of the fire and inhibiting the explosion; and the fire extinguishing system is simple and easy to implement, convenient to apply and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide an understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of a lithium battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of a lithium battery energy storage system in simulation comparative test equipment according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
| Reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 10 | |
51 | |
| 20 | |
52 | Nozzle with a |
| 30 | Energy |
60 | |
| 40 | Fire extinguishing and re-burning |
61 | One- |
| 50 | Communicating |
62 | Selection valve |
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and are not restrictive thereof.
The passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system of the lithium battery energy storage system according to the invention is described below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system is provided, the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system includes:
the fire detection module 10 is used for detecting and positioning the fire position in the energy storage battery compartment 30 and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40 is used for quickly extinguishing open fire and preventing battery re-burning explosion, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40 comprises a storage device for storing fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media are a combination of 90-99.8% of lithium passivation gas and 0.3-10% of halohydrocarbon gas in percentage by mass, and the lithium passivation gas is one or a combination of two of nitrogen and carbon dioxide; and
a control module 20 in communication with the fire detection module 10 and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal from the fire detection module 10;
and controlling the opening or closing of the fire-extinguishing re-combustion preventing and explosion suppressing module 40 according to the fire occurrence signal.
After the lithium ion battery is in thermal runaway, combustible substances in the battery are sprayed out from an exhaust valve of the battery at a high speed, the spraying speed is high, the combustible substances are quickly spread to other batteries in the same module and the same cluster within a plurality of seconds, the fire condition is enlarged, and the fire is difficult to control, so that after the fire of the energy storage lithium battery is open fire, the high-efficiency quick fire extinguishing is needed to prevent the fire from spreading. The lithium ion battery can extinguish open fire within 5s, so that a good fire prevention spreading effect can be ensured.
And, lithium battery thermal runaway conflagration produces the heat huge. The heat generated by thermal runaway of a 100Ah lithium battery weighing about 1.4Kg can be equivalent to the heat generated by the explosive reaction of 212g of TNT explosive. And one battery compartment contains more than 5000 cells, and the generated heat is very large. The traditional fire extinguishing technology only puts out the initial open fire of the lithium battery through the physical suffocation or chemical principles such as catching burning free radicals, can not completely consume the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, can not thoroughly inhibit the thermal runaway caused by the chemical reaction in the lithium battery, and the fire of the lithium battery is very easy to reignite. Therefore, the energy storage lithium battery fire needs a re-ignition preventing and fire extinguishing method capable of absorbing a large amount of heat generated by thermal runaway of the battery.
In addition, the battery contains a large amount of active lithium substances, and the electrodes, the electrolyte, the diaphragm and the binder in the battery are rapidly decomposed due to chain chemical reaction to generate a large amount of explosive gas. Explosive gases include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, ethylene, and the like. The explosion of combustible gas cannot be inhibited by adopting the traditional fire extinguishing technology, and the technology and the method for inhibiting the explosion by fire of the energy storage lithium battery need to be provided.
In order to solve the above problems, after analyzing the thermal runaway process of the lithium battery, the inventors found through a large number of experiments and theoretical researches that a large amount of active lithium existing in the lithium battery and a large amount of heat generated by the thermal runaway are reasons why the thermal runaway of the battery is difficult to inhibit spreading. The active lithium in the battery comprises a lithium metal simple substance and lithium LiC embedded in the negative electrode of the batteryX. When the lithium battery works normally, active lithium is in the battery, and the battery diaphragm, the electrode and other structures are intact and do not contact with the outside, so that the lithium battery can stably run. When the battery is out of control by heat, the diaphragm melts, the anode and the cathode of the battery are in short circuit, the exhaust valve is opened,the battery internal material is exposed to the outside air. At this time, active lithium in the battery may react with an electrolyte (EC (ethylene carbonate), PC (propylene carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate)) and the like in the battery, and a large amount of heat and combustible gases such as ethylene, ethane, propylene and the like are emitted, such as:
2Li+C3H4O3(EC)→Li2CO3+C2H4
2Li+C4H6O3(PC)→Li2CO3+C3H6
2Li+C3H6O3(DMC)→Li2CO3+C2H6
active lithium can also react with battery binders (polyvinylidene fluoride and cellulose, etc.) to generate heat and produce combustible explosive gases:
CMC-OH (cellulose) + Li → CMC-OLi + H2
-CH2-CF2- (polyvinylidene fluoride) + Li → LiF + -CH ═ CF- + H2
Therefore, consuming active lithium is an effective way to inhibit thermal runaway of the battery. The inventor proposes a method for passivating active lithium in a lithium battery by using a large amount of gas capable of reacting with the active lithium, so that thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively inhibited, and combustible explosive gas can be inhibited from being generated. The inventors propose that the lithium passivation gas is N2、CO2One or a combination of both. The main passivation reactions are as follows:
N2+LiCx→Li3N+C
Li+N2→Li3N
Li+CO2→Li2CO3+C
CO2+LiCx→Li2CO3+C
meanwhile, the gas diffusion speed of the adopted passivation active lithium is high, heat generated by chemical reaction in the battery and combustible explosive gas can be taken away through the diffusion effect of the gas, and the thermal runaway of the battery is inhibited. Also, to increase the ability of the gas to remove heat, it is also preferable to reduce the storage temperature of the lithium passivation gas to below room temperature.
However, since the above lithium passivation gas has a poor capability of extinguishing the battery fire, the inventors have further proposed a method of mixing a halogenated hydrocarbon gas containing a halogen element in the lithium passivation gas to absorb H, O, C combustion radicals, thereby rapidly extinguishing the fire.
When the halogenated hydrocarbon gas contains two or more halogen elements, a synergistic flame-retardant effect among different halogens can be generated. The principle of the synergistic flame-retardant effect of the fire extinguishing agent is analyzed, the fire extinguishing agent can be attributed to different flame-retardant action mechanisms of different halogen elements in different temperature ranges, the flame-retardant effect is synergistically exerted in the combustion process, the combustion heat generation of combustible materials is reduced, the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing agent is better, the open fire of the lithium battery can be quickly extinguished under low concentration, and the economical efficiency of the fire extinguishing method is remarkably improved.
Based on the characteristics, the fire extinguishing scheme of the passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system of the lithium battery energy storage system provided by the inventor is as follows: will N2、CO2The lithium passivation gas is used as lithium passivation gas and is mixed with a high-efficiency halohydrocarbon gas fire extinguishing medium containing two or more halogen elements, the lithium passivation gas is used for extinguishing lithium battery fire, the high-efficiency halohydrocarbon gas fire extinguishing medium quickly extinguishes open fire, simultaneously the lithium passivation gas passivates active lithium, and the explosive gas is diluted, so that the combustible explosive gas is inhibited from being generated to prevent explosion, the thermal runaway and the thermal spread of the battery are inhibited, and the fire and the explosion of the lithium battery are stopped.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is a halogenated hydrocarbon containing two or more halogen elements at the same time.
Preferably, the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is CBrF ═ CF2、CHF、CF2＝CHCF3、CF2＝CFCF3、 CClF＝CF2、CF3-S-CF3、CF3CN、CH2＝CHCF3、CF2＝CF2、CF2＝CHF、CH2＝CF2、 CCl3F、CCl2F2、CHClF2、CF3I、CF3Br、CH2＝CHBr、N(CF3)3One or more of the above.
In the embodiment of the invention, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40 is communicated with the battery module through the communication pipeline 50, the battery module comprises a plurality of energy storage battery compartments 30 which are arranged in an up-down stacked manner, one end of the communication pipeline 50 is communicated with the main pipeline, the other end of the communication pipeline 50 is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines 51, the branch pipelines 51 correspondingly extend into the tops of the energy storage battery compartments 30 one by one, and nozzles 52 for spraying fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media to the energy storage battery compartments 30 are installed at the outlets of the branch pipelines 51. When the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40 is opened, each nozzle 52 sprays fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium into the corresponding energy storage battery compartment 30 respectively to extinguish the fire of the energy storage battery compartment 30, so that the fire extinguishing range of the energy storage battery compartment 30 can be ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, an opening control valve 60, a one-way flow valve 61 and a selection valve 62 are sequentially arranged on the main pipeline along the flow direction of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium. After the lithium battery is ignited and a fire signal is detected by the fire detection module 10, the control module 20 opens the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40, fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium enters the branch pipelines 51 from the storage device through the opening control valve 60, the selection valve 62 and the one-way flow valve 61 and then enters the branch pipelines 50, a nozzle 52 is installed at the outlet of each branch pipeline 51, and the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is sprayed into the corresponding energy storage battery compartment 30 from the nozzle 52 to extinguish fire. The embodiment can extinguish fire accurately in real time aiming at each energy storage battery compartment 30 by arranging the nozzle 52 in each energy storage battery compartment 30.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire detection module 10 includes one or more of a combination of a smoke sensing component for detecting smoke, a temperature sensing component for monitoring temperature, a combustible gas detection component for monitoring combustible gas, and a deformation detection component for monitoring deformation of the battery case. Wherein the combustible gas detection component can simultaneously detect H2CO and CH4。
In an embodiment of the invention, the combustible gas is H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、SO2、 C2H6、C3H6Wherein detection of H is preferred2、CO、CO2、CH4。
In the embodiment of the invention, the storage temperature range of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is-30-20 ℃, wherein the storage temperature range is preferably-20-0 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the storage pressure of the fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is in the range of 1MPa to 10 MPa.
In addition, the invention also provides a passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression method for the lithium battery energy storage system, which is applied to the passivation fire-extinguishing explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal and positioning a fire occurrence position;
and controlling the fire-extinguishing re-combustion prevention and explosion suppression module 40 to be opened according to the fire occurrence signal, and starting to extinguish the fire.
And after the fire occurrence signal is acquired, judging whether the fire occurrence signal is a real fire occurrence or not, if so, controlling the fire-extinguishing re-ignition-preventing explosion-suppressing module 40 to be opened and starting to extinguish the fire. The halogenated hydrocarbon gas adopted in the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium quickly extinguishes the initial open fire and quickly prevents the spread and diffusion of the open fire.
In addition, the lithium passivation medium in the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium passivates active lithium substances, absorbs heat, reduces temperature and inhibits the generation of combustible explosive gas. Meanwhile, the passivated active lithium gas has good diffusivity, can deeply passivate the active lithium and cool the battery, has high heat transfer efficiency, can effectively inhibit thermal runaway, and thoroughly avoids the thermal runaway spread. The fire extinguishing method and the fire extinguishing equipment are simple and easy to implement, realize three functions of high-efficiency fire extinguishing, afterburning prevention and explosion suppression, are convenient to apply, are suitable for large-scale popularization and application, and have good structural stability and economical efficiency.
To further illustrate the advantages of the system, the present invention prefers two fire-fighting, re-ignition and explosion-suppression media and three comparative examples using a common fire-fighting medium, fire-fighting experiments were conducted in the same operating environment to observe the fire-fighting rate.
The first embodiment: the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is a combination of 98% of lithium passivation gas and 2% of halogenated hydrocarbon gas; preferably, the lithium passivation gas is 40% N2And 60% CO2. The halogenated hydrocarbon gas adopts CBrF ═ CF2. The preservation temperature of the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is-10 ℃, and the preservation pressure is 4.0 MPa. The fire-extinguishing, re-combustion-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium gas is stored in a storage tank, and the storage tank is cooled by a cooling system and is kept at-10 ℃ for a long time.
Second embodiment: the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is a combination of 98% of lithium passivation gas and 2% of halogenated hydrocarbon gas; preferably, the lithium passivation gas is 40% N2And 60% CO2. Using CF as halogenated hydrocarbon gas2＝CHCF3And CF3Mixed gas of Br, wherein CF2＝CHCF3And CF3The Br content was 50% each. The invention is applied to the place for protecting the lithium battery energy storage system, the lithium battery energy storage system is composed of a plurality of battery clusters, each battery cluster is composed of a plurality of battery cabinets, each battery cabinet comprises a plurality of battery modules, and the battery modules are the minimum units for protecting the fire extinguishing system.
In the first and second embodiments, after the lithium battery is on fire, and after the fire detection module 10 detects a fire signal, the control module 20 opens the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module 40, and the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium is sprayed into the energy-storing cabin from the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium storage device through the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium storage device opening valve, the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium selection valve 62, the high-efficiency fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium one-way valve, the main pipeline, the branch pipeline 51 and the nozzle 52 installed in the energy-storing cabin of the lithium battery to extinguish the fire. The efficient fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium quickly extinguishes the battery open fire, simultaneously passivates active lithium, and simultaneously absorbs a large amount of heat, and gas is filled in the energy storage battery compartment 30 to dilute the concentration of combustible and explosive gas, so that gas explosion is avoided, and three functions of quickly extinguishing fire, preventing re-burning of fire and suppressing explosion are realized.
To further illustrate the rapidity of fire extinguishing using the fire-extinguishing, reignition-preventing and explosion-suppressing medium of the present invention, the inventors conducted three comparative experiments to compare the fire extinguishing rates of the examples and comparative examples, replacing the fire extinguishing with a common fire-extinguishing medium under the same operating conditions and experimental equipment.
First comparative example: the fire extinguishing medium is 100% of lithium passivation gas, preferably 40% of N2And 60% CO2。
Second comparative example: the fire extinguishing medium is a combination of 98% of lithium passivation gas and 2% of halogenated hydrocarbon gas; preferably, the lithium passivation gas is 40% N2And 60% CO2. Using CF as halogenated hydrocarbon gas2＝CHCF3。
Third comparative example: the extinguishing medium is a combination of 98% lithium passivation gas, 2% halogenated hydrocarbon gas. Preferably, the lithium passivation gas is 40% N2And 60% CO2. Using CF as halogenated hydrocarbon gas3Br。
The simulated comparative test equipment of FIG. 2 was used to perform comparative tests for the first and second examples, and comparative examples 1-3. The test method is as follows: fixing a lithium ion battery module (the electric quantity is 1.2kWh) on the middle layer of a container type energy storage system fire extinguishing test box shelf; and triggering thermal runaway of the battery by adopting a method mode of heating the battery. When the battery is on fire, the heating device is turned off. The fire detection module 10 detects the fire, the fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish the fire, and the fire extinguishing flow is 8m3And h, comparing the fire extinguishing time. The results of the comparative tests are as follows:
as can be seen from comparative experiments, the adoption of the halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishing gas containing two or more halogen elements simultaneously has the fastest fire extinguishing speed; only the halogenated hydrocarbon fire extinguishing gas of a single halogen element is obviously slower, and the battery open fire cannot be extinguished within 5 s; the fire extinguishing speed is fastest only by adopting the lithium passivation gas, and longer fire extinguishing time is needed, so that the fire extinguishing speed and the reliability of the fire extinguishing re-combustion preventing and explosion suppressing medium are further verified.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lithium cell energy storage system passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system which characterized in that, lithium cell energy storage system passivation fire extinguishing explosion suppression system includes:
the fire detection module (10) is used for detecting and positioning the fire position in the energy storage battery compartment (30) and sending a fire occurrence signal;
the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module (40) is used for quickly extinguishing open fire and preventing battery re-burning explosion, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module (40) comprises a storage device for storing fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media, the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing media are a combination of 90% -99.8% of lithium passivation gas and 0.3% -10% of halogenated hydrocarbon gas, and the lithium passivation gas is one or a combination of two of nitrogen and carbon dioxide; and
a control module (20) in communication with the fire detection module (10) and configured to:
receiving a fire occurrence signal from the fire detection module (10);
and controlling the opening or closing of the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-preventing and explosion-suppressing module (40) according to the fire occurrence signal.
2. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is a halogenated hydrocarbon containing two or more halogen elements simultaneously.
3. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in thatWherein the halogenated hydrocarbon gas is CBrF ═ CF2、CHF、CF2＝CHCF3、CF2＝CFCF3、CClF＝CF2、CF3-S-CF3、CF3CN、CH2＝CHCF3、CF2＝CF2、CF2＝CHF、CH2＝CF2、CCl3F、CCl2F2、CHClF2、CF3I、CF3Br、CH2＝CHBr、N(CF3)3One or more of the above.
4. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-suppression module (40) is communicated with the battery module through a communication pipeline (50), the battery module comprises a plurality of energy storage battery compartments (30) which are arranged in an up-down stacked manner, one end of the communication pipeline (50) is communicated with a main pipeline, the other end of the communication pipeline (50) is communicated with a plurality of branch pipelines (51), the branch pipelines (51) correspondingly extend into the tops of the energy storage battery compartments (30), and nozzles (52) for spraying the fire-extinguishing, re-burning-suppression medium to the energy storage battery compartments (30) are installed at outlets of the branch pipelines (51).
5. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 4, wherein an opening control valve (60), a one-way flow valve (61) and a selection valve (62) are sequentially arranged on the main pipeline along the flow direction of the fire-extinguishing, re-ignition and explosion-suppression medium.
6. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for a lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fire detection module (10) comprises one or more of a combination of a smoke-sensing component for detecting smoke, a temperature-sensing component for monitoring temperature, a combustible gas detection component for monitoring combustible gas, and a deformation detection component for monitoring deformation of a battery shell.
7. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for lithium battery energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the combustible gas is H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、SO2、C2H6、C3H6One or more of the above.
8. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the storage temperature of the fire-extinguishing, re-ignition and explosion-suppression medium is in the range of-30 ℃ to 20 ℃.
9. The passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the storage pressure of the fire-extinguishing, re-ignition and explosion-suppression medium is in a range of 1MPa to 10 MPa.
10. A passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression method for a lithium battery energy storage system, which is applied to the passivation, fire-extinguishing and explosion-suppression system for the lithium battery energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a fire occurrence signal and positioning a fire occurrence position;
and controlling the fire-extinguishing re-combustion prevention and explosion suppression module (40) to be opened according to the fire occurrence signal, and starting to extinguish the fire.
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