CN112602587A - Method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nano titanium dioxide - Google Patents
Method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nano titanium dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nano titanium dioxide. The method comprises the steps of collecting litchi pollen, dissolving the litchi pollen in a nano titanium dioxide solution, and carrying out artificial pollination. According to the invention, the litchi pollen is dissolved by using the nano carbon dioxide, and artificial pollination is carried out, so that the development of litchi fruits can be promoted, the fruit setting stability of litchi can be improved, the phenological process can be promoted, and the whole plant fruiting amount in the mature period can be increased. In the aspect of quality, the weight of a single litchi fruit, the solid acid ratio, the edible rate, the content of vitamin C, the color of peel and the like are all obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nano titanium dioxide.
Background
Litchi chinensis Sonn is a very green arbor of Litchi genus of Sapindaceae family, is a subtropical fruit, and is distributed mostly in the southwest, southern and southeast of China, where the most abundant cultivation is in the Guangdong and Fujian southern regions. The litchi has higher economic value, the healthy development of the fruit industry can be promoted by planting the litchi, and the litchi planting method also has important value for poverty removal and enrichment of fruit growers. The flowering period of the litchi is spring, and the fruit period is summer.
China is the origin and the leading country of litchi, the planting area and the yield of litchi respectively account for more than 80% and 65% of the world, however, more than 60% of litchi orchard is low-yield orchard, and the quality is general. In litchi production, some varieties have the problems of long flower spikes, difficult fruit setting, fruit drop before picking, serious fruit cracking, degraded quality, poor coloring and the like. The technology for promoting the flowering and fruit setting of litchi and improving the fruit quality mainly adopts plant growth regulators such as uniconazole, ethephon, naphthylacetic acid and the like to process and control the length of flower spikes and the flower amount, improves the fruit setting rate, and improves the fruit edibility rate, the single fruit quality and the total sugar by manually thinning flowers or removing small leaves; bagging or spraying calcium magnesium fertilizer to improve the color of the peel. However, the pesticide effect of spraying the plant growth regulator is unstable and is easy to cause phytotoxicity, and the residual hazard caused by the plant growth regulator is not negligible; manual flower thinning, upper leaf removal, bagging and the like are time-consuming and labor-consuming. Therefore, the prior art lacks a substance and a method which have obvious effect of improving the quality of litchi fruits, are safe, reliable and efficient and are environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of long panicle, difficult fruit setting, fruit drop before picking, serious fruit cracking, quality degradation, poor coloring and the like of the litchi in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the fruit quality of the litchi by using nano titanium dioxide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nanometer titanium dioxide comprises collecting litchi pollen, dissolving in nanometer titanium dioxide solution, and performing artificial pollination.
As a preferable technical scheme, the concentration of the nano titanium dioxide solution is 200-400 mg/L, and the mass concentration of the litchi pollen dissolved in the nano titanium dioxide solution is 0.05-0.2 g/L.
As a preferable technical scheme, the nano titanium dioxide is added with water and dispersed to obtain a nano titanium dioxide solution.
As a preferable technical scheme, the dispersion is carried out for 5-15 minutes under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 400-500W and the frequency is 10-20 kHz.
The invention also protects the application of the nano titanium dioxide in accelerating the development of litchi fruits and improving the litchi fruit setting stability.
The invention carries out artificial pollination after dissolving pollen by using the nano titanium dioxide, has obvious performance on the initial fruit setting rate and the final fruit setting rate, and is better and more stable than the existing chemical reagent sold in the market.
Meanwhile, fruit bearing can be realized in advance after the treatment of the invention, the litchi variety is ripe in advance, the fruit development days are obviously lower than those of a blank control group, and the good ripening acceleration effect is shown.
Furthermore, the quality evaluation indexes such as the single fruit weight, titratable acid, solid-acid ratio, edible rate, soluble solid content and vitamin C content are found to be obviously higher than those of a control group, so that the edible rate, the soluble solid content and the vitamin C content of the litchi fruits can be improved, and the fruit quality is improved. Particularly, the increase of the single fruit weight of the litchi fruits treated by the method is more obvious.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the litchi pollen is dissolved by using the nano carbon dioxide, and artificial pollination is carried out, so that the development of litchi fruits can be promoted, the fruit setting stability of litchi can be improved, the phenological process can be promoted, and the whole plant fruiting amount in the mature period can be increased. In the aspect of quality, the weight of a litchi single fruit, the solid-acid ratio, the edible rate, the vitamin C content, the edible rate of a litchi fruit, the soluble solid content, the vitamin C content, the color of a peel and the like are all obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the variation of the fruit setting rate of osmanthus fragrans and glutinous rice cakes after pollination treatment; wherein GW represents Guiwei and NMC represents glutinous rice cake.
FIG. 2 shows the development days (A) and the fruiting amount (B) of the osmanthus fragrans fruits in the mature period after artificial pollination treatment.
FIG. 3 shows the number of days of development of the "Nuomici" fruit after artificial pollination treatment (A) and the amount of bearing fruit in the mature period (B).
FIG. 4 shows the fruit weight of each fruit in the mature period of the osmanthus flavor (A) and the glutinous rice cake (B) after pollination treatment.
FIG. 5 shows the fruit edibility in the mature period of the osmanthus flavor (A) and the glutinous rice cake (B) after pollination treatment.
FIG. 6 shows the soluble solids content of the flesh during the maturation phase of ` Guiwei ` (A) and ` Nuomici ` (B) after pollination.
FIG. 7 shows titratable acid content of fruits in the mature period of Guiwei (A) and Nuomici (B) after pollination treatment.
FIG. 8 shows vitamin C content in flesh of sweet osmanthus (A) and glutinous rice cake (B) in the maturation stage after pollination treatment.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The reagent used is nano titanium dioxide (nTiO)2): under the observation of 20 ten thousand times of magnification, the nano titanium dioxide sample is particles with about 1-80nm and uniform size, the appearance is basically consistent, the surface is nearly circular, only a small amount of particles are agglomerated, and the dispersibility is good. Adding a small amount of clear water into the hydrophilic nano titanium dioxide, placing the hydrophilic nano titanium dioxide into an ultrasonic machine, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 500w and the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, and preparing the hydrophilic nano titanium dioxide into a 300mg/L nano titanium dioxide solution by using water.
Collecting pollen of male flowers manually in the flowering period of the litchi, and picking up the male flowers with the whole small flowers (the anthers are white) after the cut flower ears are collected. The removed male flowers are placed into a test sieve with the diameter of 20cm and the diameter of 150-. And slightly shaking the sieve to enable the pollen to fall onto the parchment paper through the sieve holes. Subpackaging the collected pollen into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes, sealing with film sealing tape, storing in sealed bag containing silica gel, and storing in-80 deg.C refrigerator.
Dissolving the collected litchi pollen in a prepared nano titanium dioxide solution, wherein the mass concentration of the pollen is 0.1g/L, carrying out artificial pollination in a sunny clearance, and completely spraying the prepared pollen nano titanium dioxide solution within half an hour. And investigating indexes such as fruit setting rate change, final fruit setting amount, fruit size, fruit quality and the like. A blank control (CK, same amount of pollen dissolved in same volume of clear water) was also set.
Comparative example 1
Collecting male flower pollen in the flowering phase of litchi artificially, and dissolving in the following solutions: 15L of water, 7.5g of calcium nitrate, 1.5g of boric acid, 1.5g of zinc sulfate, 500g of sucrose and 15ml of Tween, the amount of pollen, the volume ratio of the solution and other operations were the same as in example 1.
Effect verification:
1) initial fruit set rate
The initial fruit setting amount of the osmanthus flavor treated trees is close to that of the control trees in 5 days after the female flowers open, and TiO is sprayed at 47-50 per ear in 12 days and 19 days after the female flowers2Adding pollenThe fruit setting rate of the treatment is 46.68% + -7.14% and 30.33% + -4.2% respectively, which is higher than that of boric acid and a control group. The initial fruit set was between 50-61 for the wafers treated and the control trees, which were slightly higher than the treated trees, but the females were open for 12 and 19 days, and the fruit set was higher for both groups of treated trees (Table 1). Litchi pollen combined with nano-grade TiO can be seen2Or B + ZuSO4+CaCl2+ artificial pollination with Sucross water solution can improve cassia taste and glutinous rice cake fruit setting in the early stage and nanometer level TiO2The treatment is characterized in that the effects of the sweet osmanthus and the glutinous rice cake are more stable.
TABLE 1 prophase fruit set of litchi orchard pollination treatment and control trees
2) Change in fruit set rate
The 'cinnamon flavor' fruit setting rate is in nano TiO level2The content of the boric acid in the treated tree is remarkably higher than that of the control tree within 7-53 days after treatment, the content of the boric acid in the treated tree is not obviously different from that of the control tree within 7-42 days after the treatment of the boric acid, and the content of the boric acid in the treated tree is remarkably higher than that of the control tree within 14-53 days. The 'Nuomici' fruit setting rate is in nano TiO level2The ratio of the boron acid to the boric acid is obviously higher than that of the control tree within 21 days after the treatment, and is slightly higher than that of the control tree within 7-53 days after the boric acid treatment, but no obvious difference exists. As shown by the results, litchi pollen is combined with nano-scale TiO2Or B + ZuSO4+CaCl2+ artificial pollination with Sucrose water solution can improve the osmanthus fruit setting rate well, and nanometer TiO level2The effect of the treatment is more stable (fig. 1).
3) The whole plant bears fruit amount in the phenological process and mature period
The development days of the fruits after the two treatments of the osmanthus fragrans are obviously lower than those of the control trees, the fruiting amount in the mature period is higher than that of the control trees (figure 2), the development days of the fruits after the two treatments of the glutinous rice cakes and the fruiting amount in the mature period are not different from those of the control trees (figure 3), and the results show that the litchi pollen is combined with the nano TiO2Treatment or B + ZuSO4+CaCl2Artificial pollination is carried out on the Sucrose aqueous solution, so that the osmanthus flavor can be matured in advance.
4) Fruit quality
Litchi pollen combined with nano-grade TiO2After treatment, the weight of the 'osmanthus-flavored' single fruit is heavy, the titratable acid-solid acid ratio is not different from that of a control, and the edible rate, the soluble solid content and the vitamin C content are reduced; the weight of each glutinous rice cake single fruit, the edibility rate, the content of soluble solids, titratable acid and vitamin C are obviously higher than those of a control, and the solid-acid ratio is obviously lower than that of the control (figures 4-8). After the litchi pollen is treated by combining boric acid and the like, the weight of a single osmanthus-flavored fruit is not different from that of a control, the edibility rate, the content of titratable acid and the content of vitamin C are obviously higher than that of the control, and the solid-acid ratio is obviously lower than that of the control; the dietary rate and the soluble solid content of the glutinous rice cake are not different from those of a control, the content of single fruit weight, titratable acid and vitamin C is obviously higher than that of the control, and the solid-acid ratio is obviously lower than that of the control (figures 4-8). Compared with the results after boric acid treatment and the like, the nano-scale TiO2The treatment effect is more obvious.
5) Color of fruit
The results in Table 2 show that the fruits of litchi, such as sweet osmanthus and glutinous rice cake, are subjected to nano-scale TiO processing, and the fruits of litchi are subjected to color difference measurement, wherein the color difference measurement is carried out by a colorimeter to obtain the lightness values L (from black to white, 0-100, the red-green chroma a (from green to red, -a to + a), the yellow-blue chroma b (from blue to yellow, -b to + b), the C (chroma values, which reflect the concentration of pigments) and h (hue values to determine the colors of red, yellow, green, blue, purple and the like and the colors among the basic colors)2After the solution treatment, the color of the peel is darker red than that of the control group, the color is more saturated, and the hue is obviously different from that of the control group. Nano-sized TiO 22The color of the peel treated by the solution has a plurality of indexes superior to those of the treated group such as boric acid.
TABLE 2 Effect of different reagent treatments on litchi fruit color
In conclusion, litchi pollen is combined with nano-scale TiO2The processing can improve the edible rate, the soluble solid content and the vitamin C content of the sweet osmanthus glutinous rice cake fruits and improve the fruit quality. The vitamin C content of the sweet-scented osmanthus glutinous rice cakes is obviously increased after treatment by boric acid and the like. Both treatments can improve 'glutinous rice cake'Single fruit weight of, nano-scale TiO2The treatment effect is more obvious. Nano-sized TiO 22After the solution treatment, the color of the peel is darker red than that of a control group, the color is more saturated, the hue is obviously different from that of the control group, and multiple indexes of the peel color are superior to those of a boric acid treatment group.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving litchi fruit quality by using nano titanium dioxide is characterized in that litchi pollen is collected, dissolved in a nano titanium dioxide solution, and then artificial pollination is carried out.
2. The application of the nano titanium dioxide in improving the litchi fruit quality according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nano titanium dioxide solution is 200-400 mg/L.
3. The application of the nano titanium dioxide in improving the litchi fruit quality of claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of litchi pollen dissolved in the nano titanium dioxide solution is 0.05-0.2 g/L.
4. The application of the nano titanium dioxide in improving the litchi fruit quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nano titanium dioxide is added with water and dispersed to obtain a nano titanium dioxide solution.
5. The application of the nano titanium dioxide in improving the litchi fruit quality according to claim 1, wherein the nano titanium dioxide is dispersed for 5-15 minutes under the conditions that the ultrasonic power is 400-500W and the frequency is 10-20 kHz.
6. The application of the nano titanium dioxide in improving the litchi fruit setting stability.
7. The application of the nanometer titanium dioxide in accelerating the development of litchi fruits.
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Citations (5)
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| EP2893812A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2015-07-15 | WaterDiam Sàrl | Method for post-harvest treating citrus fruit |
| CN109769505A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-21 | 山东农业大学 | The application of nano-titanium dioxide |
| CN111742932A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-09 | 华南农业大学 | Compound for improving pollination and fertilization abilities of litchi in flowering phase and application thereof |
| CN111742933A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-09 | 华南农业大学 | Method for improving pollination fertilization capability of litchi in flowering phase |
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2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011374694.7A patent/CN112602587A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1243111A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-02-02 | 华东理工大学 | Plant nutrient solution |
| EP2893812A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2015-07-15 | WaterDiam Sàrl | Method for post-harvest treating citrus fruit |
| CN109769505A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-21 | 山东农业大学 | The application of nano-titanium dioxide |
| CN111742932A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-09 | 华南农业大学 | Compound for improving pollination and fertilization abilities of litchi in flowering phase and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210406 |