CN112600996A - Ultraviolet bionic vision sensor - Google Patents
Ultraviolet bionic vision sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112600996A CN112600996A CN202011412804.4A CN202011412804A CN112600996A CN 112600996 A CN112600996 A CN 112600996A CN 202011412804 A CN202011412804 A CN 202011412804A CN 112600996 A CN112600996 A CN 112600996A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/45—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from two or more image sensors being of different type or operating in different modes, e.g. with a CMOS sensor for moving images in combination with a charge-coupled device [CCD] for still images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/44—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by partially reading an SSIS array
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor. This ultraviolet bionic vision sensor includes: the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are used for extracting optical signals with set wave bands in target optical signals and converting the optical signals with the set wave bands into current signals; the sensing control unit is electrically connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit and is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit; the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are distributed in different areas in the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, and the set waveband comprises an ultraviolet waveband. According to the technical scheme, the acquisition of high-speed gray scale variation signals is realized, and the dynamic range of the image is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of image sensing, in particular to an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor.
Background
With the continuous development of image sensing technology, CMOS vision sensors are widely used in various fields. The vision sensor refers to an apparatus for acquiring image information of an external environment by using an optical element and an imaging device, and for example, the vision sensor in the prior art generally includes: active Pixel Sensors (APS) and Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS).
At present, the existing vision sensor has the following defects: (1) the application scenarios are limited: the visual sensor has a slow shooting speed and a small dynamic range, and is difficult to be widely applied. (2) The stability is poor: for example, when the ambient light is dark, the visual sensor has difficulty in capturing an image due to a limited dynamic range. (3) The performance is limited: the dynamic range, the shooting speed and the stability are important indexes for evaluating the performance of the vision sensor, and the evaluation indexes of the traditional vision sensor are often mutually exclusive, for example, when the shooting speed of the sensor is increased, the dynamic range is reduced.
Therefore, the prior art lacks a vision sensor with high dynamic range, high shooting speed and strong stability, and has no solution of a corresponding current type vision sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, which is used for acquiring a gray scale variation signal at a high speed and improving the dynamic range of an image acquired by the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor.
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, which comprises:
the device comprises an excitation type photosensitive unit and a suppression type photosensitive unit, wherein the excitation type photosensitive unit and the suppression type photosensitive unit are used for extracting optical signals with set wave bands in target optical signals and converting the optical signals with the set wave bands into current signals;
the sensing control unit is electrically connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit and is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit;
the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are distributed in different areas in the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, and the set waveband comprises an ultraviolet waveband.
Optionally, the excitation type photosensitive unit includes a first photosensitive device, the inhibition type photosensitive unit includes a second photosensitive device, and both the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are ultraviolet photosensitive devices.
Optionally, the excitation type photosensitive unit includes a first photosensitive device and a first optical filter device disposed on the first photosensitive device, and the inhibition type photosensitive unit includes a second photosensitive device and a second optical filter device disposed on the second photosensitive device;
the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices;
and/or the first filter device and the second filter device are both ultraviolet filter devices.
Optionally, the excitation type photosensitive unit includes a first photosensitive device and a first optical filter device disposed on the first photosensitive device, and the inhibition type photosensitive unit includes a second photosensitive device and a second optical filter device disposed on the second photosensitive device;
the first photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device, and the second filter device is an ultraviolet filter device; or, the first light filter device is an ultraviolet light filter device, and the second light sensitive device is an ultraviolet light sensitive device;
the sensing control unit is also used for correcting the consistency of the spectral response characteristics of the exciting type photosensitive unit and the inhibiting type photosensitive unit.
Optionally, the excitation type photosensitive units and the excitation type photosensitive units are arranged in an array to form pixel units;
the sensing control unit is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the exciting photosensitive unit and the inhibiting photosensitive unit in the pixel unit.
Optionally, the pixel unit comprises one excitation type photosensitive unit and four inhibition type photosensitive units; the four inhibition type photosensitive units are arranged around the excitation type photosensitive unit and are respectively connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit.
Optionally, the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are both rectangular in shape, and the top corners of the four inhibition type photosensitive units are respectively connected with the four top corners of the excitation type photosensitive unit.
Optionally, a plurality of the pixel units are arranged in an array to form a pixel array, and two adjacent pixel units share one row or one column of the inhibition type photosensitive units.
Optionally, the sensing control unit comprises an excitation type control circuit and at least one inhibition type control circuit connected with the excitation type control circuit;
the excitation control circuit is connected with the excitation photosensitive units, the inhibition control circuit is connected with the inhibition photosensitive units and is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the inhibition photosensitive units, and the inhibition control circuit is used for transmitting current signals converted by the inhibition photosensitive units to the excitation control circuit connected with the inhibition control circuit;
the excitation control circuit is connected with the inhibition control circuit through a switch, the switch is used for switching on or switching off the excitation control circuit and the inhibition control circuit according to a received control signal, and the excitation control circuit is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation photosensitive unit and the inhibition photosensitive unit.
Optionally, the excitatory control circuit comprises: the device comprises a signal amplifying unit, an adder, a digital-to-analog converter, a comparator, a three-state gate and at least one first switch;
the input end of the signal amplification unit is connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit, and the output end of the signal amplification unit is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the suppression control circuit is connected with the input end of the adder through the first switch, and the output end of the adder is connected with the second input end of the comparator;
the input end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the output end of the comparator, the analog signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected with the input end of the signal amplification unit and the input end of the adder, and the digital-to-analog converter is used for inputting an analog signal to the input end of the signal amplification unit or the input end of the adder according to a comparison result signal output by the comparator so that the comparator outputs a comparison result signal containing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband;
the control end of the tri-state gate is connected with the output end of the comparator, the input end of the tri-state gate is connected with the input end of the digital-to-analog converter, and the tri-state gate is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set wave band according to the signal output by the comparator.
Optionally, the excitatory control circuit further comprises a storage unit connected to the output of the tri-state gate for storing and outputting the signal output by the tri-state gate.
Optionally, the suppression control circuit comprises: the second switch is connected with the inhibition type photosensitive unit, and the at least one mirror image switch is connected with the inhibition type photosensitive unit and the second switch, and the inhibition type control circuit is connected with the excitation type control circuit through the mirror image switch.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention provides a current type ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, which is used for simulating vision perception cells in human retina, respectively perceiving optical signals of set wave bands in target optical signals through an excitation type photosensitive unit and an inhibition type photosensitive unit, converting the optical signals of the set wave bands into current signals, outputting the current signals representing the light intensity variation of the optical signals of the set wave bands through a sensing control unit according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit, and simulating rod cells to obtain light intensity gradient information, thereby improving the perception capability of the sensor on dynamic targets, enlarging the dynamic range of images collected by the sensor and improving the shooting speed of the sensor. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention overcomes the defects of limited application scene, poor stability, limited performance and the like of the existing vision sensor, realizes the acquisition of high-speed gray scale variation signals, enriches the visual information of images, and enables the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor to have the advantages of high speed, high dynamic range and high time resolution shooting. In addition, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can also sense the light intensity change information of ultraviolet rays in the target light signal, and the application scenes of the sensor are further widened.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block structure diagram of an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit in an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of pixel arrangement of an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic pixel arrangement diagram of another ultraviolet bionic vision sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another ultraviolet bionic vision sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an excitation control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a signal waveform provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an excitation control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a suppression control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
As described in the background art, the existing vision sensor has the defects of limited application scene, poor stability, limited performance and the like, and the existing technology lacks a vision sensor with high dynamic range, high shooting speed and strong stability, and has no solution of a corresponding current type vision sensor.
In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor. Fig. 1 is a schematic block structure diagram of an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor includes: the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, wherein the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 are used for extracting optical signals with set wave bands in target optical signals and converting the optical signals with the set wave bands into current signals; the sensing control unit 10, the sensing control unit 10 is electrically connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, the sensing control unit 10 is configured to output a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120; the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 are distributed in different areas of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, and the set waveband includes an ultraviolet waveband.
The ultraviolet bionic vision sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for shooting a target object to realize acquisition of image signals or video signals, wherein the target object can be a static person, a dynamic person, a static scene or a dynamic scene, and the like, and can also be an object in other forms, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited to this.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, both the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 may include an image sensor, fig. 1 only schematically illustrates a case where the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor includes one excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and one inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, in practical applications, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor may include a plurality of excitation type photosensitive units 110 and a plurality of inhibition type photosensitive units 120, and the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are distributed in different areas of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, so that the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 can form a pixel sensing structure to realize the acquisition of image signals or video signals of a target object. The target optical signal is an optical signal reflected by the surface of a target object, and when the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor is used for shooting the target object, the optical signal reflected by the surface of the target object can directly or indirectly irradiate the surfaces of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, so that the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 convert the target optical signal into an electrical signal reflecting the characteristics of the target object.
The optical signal of the set wavelength band in the target optical signal may be, for example, an optical signal of at least a partial wavelength band in the visible light and ultraviolet light wavelength bands. The ultraviolet band is lower than the visible band, for example, 760nm to 1 mm. The excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 may directly collect the optical signal of the set wavelength band, or may extract the optical signal of the set wavelength band from the target optical signal through an optical lens or a filter device, and convert the optical signal of the set wavelength band into a current signal. The optical signals extracted from the target optical signal by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 include an ultraviolet light signal (i.e., ultraviolet rays), so that the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can also sense the light intensity change information of the ultraviolet rays in the target optical signal, and the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can be widely applied to ultraviolet cameras in various fields.
Illustratively, the ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor is an active pixel sensing circuit whose operation mode is a current mode, in which the sensing control unit 10 can sense a light intensity change in the optical signal of the set wavelength band according to a difference between current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, and output a current signal representing a light intensity change amount of the optical signal of the set wavelength band. Wherein, the light intensity variation is gray scale variation or light intensity gradient information. The current mode ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can rapidly convert an optical signal and output a current signal, and the current signal has a function of conveniently realizing mathematical operation so as to obtain a high-speed differential signal.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention provides a current type ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, which is used for simulating vision perception cells in human retina, respectively perceiving optical signals of set wave bands in target optical signals through an excitation type photosensitive unit and an inhibition type photosensitive unit, converting the optical signals of the set wave bands into current signals, outputting the current signals representing the light intensity variation of the optical signals of the set wave bands through a sensing control unit according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit, and simulating rod cells to obtain light intensity gradient information, thereby improving the perception capability of the sensor on dynamic targets, enlarging the dynamic range of images collected by the sensor and improving the shooting speed of the sensor. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention overcomes the defects of limited application scene, poor stability, limited performance and the like of the existing vision sensor, realizes the acquisition of high-speed gray scale variation signals, enriches the visual information of images, and enables the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor to have the advantages of high speed, high dynamic range and high time resolution shooting. In addition, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can also sense the light intensity change information of ultraviolet rays in the target light signal, and the application scenes of the sensor are further widened.
Referring to fig. 1, alternatively, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 includes a first photosensitive device, the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 includes a second photosensitive device, and both the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are ultraviolet photosensitive devices.
Specifically, the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device may each be a Photodiode (PD) capable of converting an optical signal into a corresponding electrical signal. When the set wavelength band includes an ultraviolet wavelength band, the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices, such as ultraviolet photodiodes. Therefore, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor can sense the light intensity change information of ultraviolet rays in the target light signal.
Referring to fig. 1, alternatively, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 includes a first photosensitive device and a first filter device disposed on the first photosensitive device, and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 includes a second photosensitive device and a second filter device disposed on the second photosensitive device; the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices, and the first light filtering device and the second light filtering device are both ultraviolet light filtering devices.
Specifically, the first filter device and the second filter device are both used for selecting a wavelength band of light passing through themselves, and each of the first filter device and the second filter device may be a Color filter (Color filter) or an optical lens capable of extracting an optical signal of a set component, such as a bayer lens. The first optical filter device may be disposed on a photosensitive surface of the first optical sensor device, such that the target optical signal is first irradiated to the surface of the first optical filter device, and the first optical filter device extracts an optical signal of a set wavelength band including an ultraviolet wavelength band included in the target optical signal, so that the optical signal of the set wavelength band is irradiated to the photosensitive surface of the first optical sensor device, and the optical signal of the set wavelength band is converted into a corresponding current signal by the first optical sensor device. Similarly, the second optical filter device may be disposed on a photosensitive surface of the second optical filter device, and the second optical filter device extracts the optical signal with the set wavelength band including the ultraviolet wavelength band from the target optical signal, and converts the optical signal with the set wavelength band into a corresponding current signal. The first light filtering device and the second light filtering device are both ultraviolet light filtering devices, and the sensing capability of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor on the light intensity change information of ultraviolet light in the target light signal is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, alternatively, it may also be arranged that the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 includes a first photosensitive device and a first filter device disposed on the first photosensitive device, and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 includes a second photosensitive device and a second filter device disposed on the second photosensitive device; the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices; or the first filter device and the second filter device are both ultraviolet filter devices. In this embodiment, it is set that the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet sensors, or the first optical filter and the second optical filter are both ultraviolet filters, and the sensing capability of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor on the light intensity change information of ultraviolet rays in the target optical signal can be improved as well.
With continued reference to fig. 1, optionally, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 includes a first photosensitive device and a first filter device disposed on the first photosensitive device, and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 includes a second photosensitive device and a second filter device disposed on the second photosensitive device; the first photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device, the second filter device is an ultraviolet filter device, or the first filter device is an ultraviolet filter device, and the second photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device; the sensing control unit 10 is also used to correct the uniformity of the spectral response characteristics of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120.
Specifically, the first photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device, the second optical filter device is an ultraviolet optical filter device, or the first optical filter device is an ultraviolet optical filter device, and the second photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device, so that the sensing capability of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor on the light intensity change information of ultraviolet rays in the target optical signal can be improved. When one of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 extracts the optical signal of the set waveband including the ultraviolet waveband in the target optical signal through the ultraviolet photosensitive device and the common optical filter device, and the other extracts the optical signal of the set waveband including the ultraviolet waveband in the target optical signal through the ultraviolet filter and the common photosensitive device, in order to avoid the overlarge difference between the optical signals extracted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, the consistency of the spectral response characteristics of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 can be corrected through the sensing control unit 10, so that the capability of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor for sensing the light intensity change information of the ultraviolet in the target optical signal is improved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a Pixel unit in an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the Pixel unit Pixel 1 may be a Pixel unit in a Pixel sensing structure of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor. With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, alternatively, the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the excitation type photosensitive units 110 are arranged in an array to form a pixel unit; the sensing control unit 10 is configured to output a current signal representing a light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set wavelength band according to a difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 in the pixel unit.
Illustratively, the pixel unit may include an excitation type photosensitive unit 110, and at least one inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 located around the excitation type photosensitive unit 110, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 may simulate an excitation type rod cell of a human eye, the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 may simulate an inhibition type rod cell of the human eye, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 respectively sense gray scale information of optical signals of a set wavelength band, and the sensing control unit 10 outputs a current differential signal representing a light intensity variation amount of the optical signals of the set wavelength band according to a difference between current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 to simulate the rod cell to obtain light intensity gradient information.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the pixel unit is optionally configured to include one excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and four inhibition type photosensitive units 120; the four inhibiting type photosensitive units 120 are disposed around the exciting type photosensitive unit 110, and are respectively connected to the exciting type photosensitive unit 110.
Illustratively, when the target light signal is irradiated to the surface of the Pixel unit Pixel 1, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the four suppression type photosensitive units 120 respectively sense the gray scale information of the light signal of the set wavelength band in the target light signal, and convert the light signal of the set wavelength band into a corresponding current signal. The sensing control unit 10 may subtract the current signal converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 from the average value of the current signals converted by the four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 to obtain a differential current signal, i.e., a light intensity gradient signal reflecting the light intensity variation. The Pixel unit Pixel 1 can simulate the rod cells of human eyes through an excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 surrounding the excitation type photosensitive unit 110, and acquire a light intensity gradient signal reflecting the light intensity variation.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, it is optional to set the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 to be rectangular, and the top corners of the four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are respectively connected to the four top corners of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a case where the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 are both square, four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are respectively located on diagonal lines of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110, and vertex angles of the four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are respectively connected with four vertex angles of the excitation type photosensitive unit 110. The advantage of setting up like this is favorable to promoting the pixel fill factor of ultraviolet bionical vision sensor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of Pixel arrangement of an ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 1 to 3, optionally, a plurality of Pixel units Pixel 1 are arranged in an array to form a Pixel array, and two adjacent Pixel units Pixel 1 share one row or one column of suppression-type photosensitive units 120.
Illustratively, referring to fig. 3, the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 form a pixel array in which one row of the array includes two arrangements, i.e., one row is the excitation type photosensitive units 110 alternately arranged, or one row is the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 alternately arranged, and the pixel rows having the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the pixel rows having the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are alternately arranged in the pixel array. One column of the array includes two arrangements, that is, one column is the excitation type photosensitive units 110 alternately arranged, or one column is the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 alternately arranged, and the pixel columns with the excitation type photosensitive units 110 and the pixel columns with the inhibition type photosensitive units 120 are alternately arranged in the pixel array. The excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 are located in different rows and different columns of the pixel array, and the sensing capability of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor on the gray scale variation of the optical signal can be improved.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, the present embodiment enables multiplexing of the inhibited type photoconductive units 120. Specifically, the current signal converted by each excitatory photosensitive unit 110 can be operated with the current signals converted by the four inhibitory photosensitive units 120 around, so that the current signal converted by each inhibitory photosensitive unit 120 can be operated with the current signals converted by the four excitatory photosensitive units 110 around at the same time, thereby not only realizing multiplexing of the inhibitory photosensitive units 120, but also being beneficial to improving the pixel fill factor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Pixel arrangement of another ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the Pixel arrangement includes a Pixel array with M rows and N columns, and the Pixel structure of each coordinate position point is a Pixel unit, which may be the Pixel unit Pixel 1 shown in fig. 2 and 3. One Pixel unit Pixel 1 comprises an excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and four inhibition type photosensitive units 120, so that in the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, the Pixel unit of each coordinate position point can sense a gray level variation signal, and visual information of an image shot by the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor is enriched.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another ultraviolet bionic vision sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, a sensing control unit includes an excitation control circuit 130 and at least one inhibition control circuit 140 connected to the excitation control circuit 130; the excitation control circuit 130 is connected with the excitation photosensitive unit 110, the inhibition control circuit 140 is connected with the inhibition photosensitive unit 120 and is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the inhibition photosensitive unit 120, and the inhibition control circuit 140 is used for transmitting the current signal converted by the inhibition photosensitive unit 120 to the excitation control circuit 130 connected with the inhibition control circuit 140; the excitation control circuit 130 is connected to the inhibition control circuit 140 through a switch, the switch is used for turning on or off the excitation control circuit 130 and the inhibition control circuit 140 according to the received control signal, the excitation control circuit 130 is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition photosensitive unit 120.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a case where the sensing control unit includes one excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and an excitation type control circuit 130 connected thereto, and four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 and inhibition type control circuits 140 connected thereto. Among them, the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 may correspond to one excitation type photosensitive unit 110 and four inhibition type photosensitive units 120 surrounding the excitation type photosensitive unit 110 in the Pixel unit Pixel 1 shown in fig. 2 and 3. In the working process of the sensing control unit, the four inhibitory type control circuits 140 simultaneously transmit the current signals converted by the corresponding inhibitory type photosensitive units 120 to the excitatory type control circuit 130, so that the excitatory type control circuit 130 makes a difference between the current signals converted by the excitatory type photosensitive units 110 and the average value of the current signals converted by the four inhibitory type photosensitive units 120 to obtain a differential current signal, i.e. a light intensity gradient signal reflecting the light intensity variation.
Referring to fig. 5, the excitatory control circuit 130 may further include switches (not shown) corresponding to the inhibitory control circuits 140, each inhibitory control circuit 140 is connected to the excitatory control circuit 130 through a switch, and the excitatory control circuit 130 may control the switches to be turned on or off according to the received control signal to control itself to be turned on or off with the inhibitory control circuits 140.
Illustratively, the control signals differ for different lighting conditions, and the switching conditions of the switches differ. For example, in the case that the illumination intensity of the target light signal is greater than the first preset value, that is, in the case of strong illumination, in order to improve the accuracy of the current signal representing the light intensity variation output by the sensing control unit, all switches in the excitation control circuit 130 may be controlled to be turned on by the control signal, at this time, each of the inhibition control circuits 140 is active, and the current signal output by the sensing control unit is a differential mode signal, that is, a differential signal of the current signals converted by the excitation photosensitive unit 110 and the four inhibition photosensitive units 120. For the case that the illumination intensity of the target light signal is smaller than the second preset value, i.e. the case of weak illumination, the current signal converted by the excitation type light sensing unit 110 is smaller, so that all switches in the excitation type control circuit 130 can be controlled to be turned off by the control signal, at this time, each of the inhibition type control circuits 140 fails, and the current signal output by the sensing control unit is a common-mode signal, i.e. the current signal converted by the excitation type light sensing unit 110. Specific values of the first preset value and the second preset value can be specifically set by combining the type of the photosensitive unit, the ambient light intensity and the like. The sensing control unit provided by the embodiment of the invention can simulate Gap Junction connection of human eyes, so that the dynamic range of an image shot by the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor is improved.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an excitation control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be a specific block structure of the excitation control circuit in fig. 5. As shown in fig. 6, in addition to the above-described embodiment, the excitation control circuit 130 includes: a signal amplifying unit 131, an adder 132, a digital-to-analog converter 133, a comparator 134, a tristate gate 135, and at least one first switch 136; the input end of the signal amplification unit 131 is connected to the excitation type photosensitive unit 110, and the output end of the signal amplification unit 131 is connected to the first input end of the comparator 134; the suppressing control circuit 140 is connected to the input terminal of the adder 132 through the first switch 136, and the output terminal of the adder 132 is connected to the second input terminal of the comparator 134; the input end of the digital-to-analog converter 133 is connected to the output end C1 of the comparator 134, the analog signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter 133 is respectively connected to the input end of the signal amplifying unit 131 and the input end of the adder 132, and the digital-to-analog converter 133 is configured to input an analog signal to the input end of the signal amplifying unit 131 or the input end of the adder 132 according to the comparison result signal output by the comparator 134, so that the comparator 134 outputs a comparison result signal including the light intensity variation of the optical signal in the set wavelength band; the control terminal of the tri-state gate 135 is connected to the output terminal C1 of the comparator 134, the input terminal of the tri-state gate 135 is connected to the input terminal of the digital-to-analog converter 133, and the tri-state gate 135 is configured to output a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal in the set band according to the signal output by the comparator 134.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the excitation type light sensing unit 110 in the sensing control unit will set the band of the optical signalConverted into a current signal I0And outputs a current signal I0To the signal amplification unit 131. Four suppression type photosensitive units 120 in the sensing control unit respectively convert the optical signals of the set wave band into current signals I1To I4And the current signal I is transmitted by the corresponding suppression type control circuit 1401To I4To the excitation control circuit 130. The signal amplifying unit 131 may include a first amplifier 131a, and the first amplifier 131a may amplify the current signal I0Amplifying to make current signal I0And a current signal I1To I4And in the same order of magnitude, the sensing control unit is convenient to calculate the differential current.
The signal amplifying unit 131 amplifies the amplified current signal I0The four suppressing control circuits 140 respectively output the current signals I to the first input terminal of the comparator 1341To I4The current signal I is inputted to the input terminal of the adder 132 through the conductive first switch 136, so that the adder 132 adds the current signal I1To I4Sums up and outputs the result of the summation to a second input terminal of the comparator 134. The comparator 134 compares the signals inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal, and if the comparison result at the previous time and the comparison result at the next time are the same, the comparator 134 does not output the comparison result signal, and if the comparison result at the previous time and the comparison result at the next time are opposite, the comparator 134 outputs the comparison result signal containing the variation of the light intensity of the optical signal of the set wavelength band through the output terminal C1, and the comparison result signal may be a digital signal of, for example, 0 or 1.
The dac 133 may convert the digital signal into an analog signal, and input the analog signal I to the input terminal of the adder 132 according to a comparison result signal output by the comparatorDA1Or an analog signal I is inputted to an input terminal of the signal amplifying unit 131DA2. The signal amplifying unit 131 may further include a second amplifier 131b, and the second amplifier 131b may be based on the analog signal IDA2For current signal I0Continues to be amplified and inputs the amplified signal to a first input terminal of the comparator 134. The adder 132 can also add the current signal I1To I4And an analog signal IDA1Sums up and outputs the result of the summation to a second input terminal of the comparator 134. The comparator 134 continues to compare the signals inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal, and outputs a comparison result signal containing the variation of the light intensity of the optical signal in the set wavelength band when the comparison result at the previous time and the comparison result at the next time are opposite.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in particular, may be a waveform diagram of a digital signal input by the digital-to-analog converter 133 in fig. 6. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 7, the digital-to-analog converter 133 may convert the digital signal into an analog signal IDA1Or an analog signal IDA2The output is performed, and the digital signal can be a specified digital signal which is periodically changed and input by human beings, such as a step digital signal with the numerical value increasing along the time shown in fig. 7. When a certain time N _ step occurs, the comparator 134 outputs a comparison result signal, and the value of the digital signal is Δ I, so that Δ I can be used as a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband. The control end of the tri-state gate 135 inputs the comparison result signal of the comparator 134 at this time, the digital signal input end of the digital-to-analog converter 133 is communicated with the input end of the tri-state gate 135, and the current signal with the value Δ I output by the digital-to-analog converter 133 is output through the output end of the tri-state gate 135.
Referring to fig. 7, in addition to the above-mentioned embodiment, the excitation control circuit 130 further includes a storage unit 137 connected to the output terminal of the tri-state gate 135, for storing and outputting the signal output by the tri-state gate 135. The storage unit 137 may be specifically a register, a latch, a memristor, or the like. Taking the memory unit 137 as a register as an example, the number of bits of the register can be selected according to the precision of the digital-to-analog converter 133, for example, a 4-bit register is selected.
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an excitation control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may be a specific circuit structure of the excitation control circuit shown in fig. 7. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 8, the excitation type control circuit is connected to an excitation type light sensing unit, which includes a first light sensing device, which may be a photodiode PD 11. The excitatory control circuit includes a first circuit structure 130a and a second circuit structure 130b, the first circuit structure 130a simulating human eye rod cells, and the second circuit structure 130b simulating human eye horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and amacrine cells.
In conjunction with fig. 7 and 8, specifically, the photodiode PD11 is connected to the current mirror 131c, and the photodiode PD11 generates the current signal I under the irradiation of the optical signal with the set wavelength band0And outputs a current signal I0To the current mirror 131c, the current mirror 131c can realize the function of the signal amplifying unit 131 in fig. 7, and the current signal I is amplified0Amplifying by a factor of N (e.g., N ═ 4). Fig. 8 only schematically shows the current signal I output by the suppression-type control circuit 1401To I4And the amplified current signal I output by the current mirror 131c0In the case where the current signal is inputted to the comparator 134 through a connection line, the comparator 134 outputs the amplified current signal I to the current mirror 131c0And a current signal I1To I4And comparing the sums. If the comparison results at the previous time and the next time are the same, the comparator 134 does not output the comparison result signal, and if the comparison results at the previous time and the next time are opposite, the comparator 134 outputs the comparison result signal including the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set wavelength band. The digital-to-analog converter 133 converts the digital signal into an analog signal, outputs the analog signal according to the comparison result signal of the comparator 134, and converts the current signal I into the analog signal0Continuing amplification, or by comparing the current signal I with an analog signal1To I4The sum continues to accumulate so that the comparator 134 continues to perform the comparison function. The comparator 134 outputs a comparison result signal when the comparison result at the previous time and the comparison result at the next time are opposite. When the comparison result signal output by the comparator 134 changes, the tri-state gate 135 outputs the digital signal of the dac 133 at this time as a current signal representing the light intensity change amount of the optical signal of the set band. The storage unit 137 is a register, and stores and outputs a signal output from the tri-state gate 135.
Illustratively, in conjunction with fig. 7 and 8, the four first switches 136 include switches M1-M4, and the switches M1-M4 may be crystalsThe tube can be turned on or off according to a control signal received by a control terminal (e.g., a gate) thereof. The control signals received by the switches M1-M4 are different for different lighting conditions, and the switching conditions of the switches are different. For strong illumination, for example, when the illumination intensity of the target light signal is greater than 50lux, the switches M1 to M4 can be controlled to be all turned on by the control signal, and at this time, the photodiode in the inhibition type light sensing unit is active, and the excitation type control circuit outputs the current signal I0And a current signal I1To I4I.e., differential mode signals. For weak illumination, for example, when the illumination intensity of the target light signal is lower than 20lux, the switches M1 to M4 can be controlled to be all turned off by the control signal, at this time, the photodiode in the inhibition type photosensitive unit is disabled, and the excitation type control circuit outputs the current signal I0I.e. common mode signals.
The switches M1-M4 are arranged for calculating convolution difference current of an excitation control circuit, when the illumination condition allows, the image acquisition speed of the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor is high, and the difference between two frames of images is small. Due to the fact that the calculation speed of the differential current is high, 1bit convolution differential current calculation of in pixel can be achieved, and therefore high-speed image feature extraction is achieved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, a capacitor Cpar may be further included between the input terminal of the comparator 134 and the ground terminal, where the capacitor Cpar may be an actual capacitor structure or a parasitic capacitor in the excitatory control circuit, and the capacitor Cpar has an effect of storing a signal at the input terminal of the comparator 134, so as to ensure the calculation accuracy when the excitatory control circuit performs the high-speed differential current operation.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a suppression control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 9, optionally, the suppression control circuit 140 includes: a second switch 141 connected to the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120, and at least one mirror switch 142 connected to the inhibition type photosensitive unit 120 and the second switch 141, and the inhibition type control circuit 140 is connected to the excitation type control circuit 130 through the mirror switch 142.
In particular, see FIG. 9The suppression-type control circuit 140 is connected to a suppression-type light-sensing unit including a second light-sensing device, which may be a photodiode PD 12. The second switch 141 and the mirror switch 142 may be transistors capable of being turned on or off according to a control signal received by a control terminal (e.g., a gate) thereof. The second switch 141 and each mirror switch 142 form a mirror unit to mirror the current signal I generated by the photodiode PD12 according to the optical signal of the first set wavelength band1Duplicated into four, inhibiting control circuit 140 can provide four current signals I1The signals are respectively transmitted to four excitation control circuits around, so that the multiplexing of inhibition type photosensitive units is realized, and the pixel filling factor of the bimodal ultraviolet bionic vision sensor is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor outputs a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband in an asynchronous event address representation manner, where the output signal is specifically in the form of (X, Y, P, T). Where "X, Y" is the event address, such as the coordinates of the pixel cell shown in fig. 4, "P" is the 4-value event output (including the first sign bit), such as the P value representing the amount of light intensity change, and "T" is the time when the event occurred, such as the capture time.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. An ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor, comprising:
the device comprises an excitation type photosensitive unit and a suppression type photosensitive unit, wherein the excitation type photosensitive unit and the suppression type photosensitive unit are used for extracting optical signals with set wave bands in target optical signals and converting the optical signals with the set wave bands into current signals;
the sensing control unit is electrically connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit and is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit;
the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are distributed in different areas in the ultraviolet bionic vision sensor, and the set waveband comprises an ultraviolet waveband.
2. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 1, wherein the excitation type photosensitive unit comprises a first photosensitive device, the inhibition type photosensitive unit comprises a second photosensitive device, and the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices.
3. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 1, wherein the excitation type light sensing unit includes a first light sensing device and a first filter device disposed on the first light sensing device, and the inhibition type light sensing unit includes a second light sensing device and a second filter device disposed on the second light sensing device;
the first photosensitive device and the second photosensitive device are both ultraviolet photosensitive devices;
and/or the first filter device and the second filter device are both ultraviolet filter devices.
4. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 1, wherein the excitation type light sensing unit includes a first light sensing device and a first filter device disposed on the first light sensing device, and the inhibition type light sensing unit includes a second light sensing device and a second filter device disposed on the second light sensing device;
the first photosensitive device is an ultraviolet photosensitive device, and the second filter device is an ultraviolet filter device; or, the first light filter device is an ultraviolet light filter device, and the second light sensitive device is an ultraviolet light sensitive device;
the sensing control unit is also used for correcting the consistency of the spectral response characteristics of the exciting type photosensitive unit and the inhibiting type photosensitive unit.
5. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the excitatory type photosensitive units and the excitatory type photosensitive units are arranged in an array to form pixel units;
the sensing control unit is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the exciting photosensitive unit and the inhibiting photosensitive unit in the pixel unit.
6. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 5, wherein the pixel units comprise one of the excitation type photosensitive units and four of the inhibition type photosensitive units; the four inhibition type photosensitive units are arranged around the excitation type photosensitive unit and are respectively connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit.
7. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 6, wherein the excitation type photosensitive unit and the inhibition type photosensitive unit are both rectangular in shape, and the four vertex angles of the inhibition type photosensitive unit are respectively connected with the four vertex angles of the excitation type photosensitive unit.
8. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the pixel units are arranged in an array to form a pixel array, and two adjacent pixel units share one row or one column of the inhibition type photosensitive units.
9. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor according to claim 5, wherein the sensing control unit comprises an excitation control circuit and at least one inhibition control circuit connected to the excitation control circuit;
the excitation control circuit is connected with the excitation photosensitive units, the inhibition control circuit is connected with the inhibition photosensitive units and is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the inhibition photosensitive units, and the inhibition control circuit is used for transmitting current signals converted by the inhibition photosensitive units to the excitation control circuit connected with the inhibition control circuit;
the excitation control circuit is connected with the inhibition control circuit through a switch, the switch is used for switching on or switching off the excitation control circuit and the inhibition control circuit according to a received control signal, and the excitation control circuit is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal of the set waveband according to the difference between the current signals converted by the excitation photosensitive unit and the inhibition photosensitive unit.
10. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor of claim 8, wherein the excitation control circuit comprises: the device comprises a signal amplifying unit, an adder, a digital-to-analog converter, a comparator, a three-state gate and at least one first switch;
the input end of the signal amplification unit is connected with the excitation type photosensitive unit, and the output end of the signal amplification unit is connected with the first input end of the comparator;
the suppression control circuit is connected with the input end of the adder through the first switch, and the output end of the adder is connected with the second input end of the comparator;
the input end of the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the output end of the comparator, the analog signal output end of the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected with the input end of the signal amplification unit and the input end of the adder, and the digital-to-analog converter is used for inputting an analog signal to the input end of the signal amplification unit or the input end of the adder according to a comparison result signal output by the comparator so that the comparator outputs a comparison result signal containing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set waveband;
the control end of the tri-state gate is connected with the output end of the comparator, the input end of the tri-state gate is connected with the input end of the digital-to-analog converter, and the tri-state gate is used for outputting a current signal representing the light intensity variation of the optical signal with the set wave band according to the signal output by the comparator.
11. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor recited in claim 10, wherein the excitation control circuit further comprises a storage unit coupled to the output of the tri-state gate for storing and outputting the signal output by the tri-state gate.
12. The ultraviolet biomimetic vision sensor of claim 11, wherein the suppression control circuit comprises: the second switch is connected with the inhibition type photosensitive unit, and the at least one mirror image switch is connected with the inhibition type photosensitive unit and the second switch, and the inhibition type control circuit is connected with the excitation type control circuit through the mirror image switch.
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