CN112589386A - Processing technology of circular arc separation finger diaphragm spring - Google Patents
Processing technology of circular arc separation finger diaphragm spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN112589386A CN112589386A CN202011361193.5A CN202011361193A CN112589386A CN 112589386 A CN112589386 A CN 112589386A CN 202011361193 A CN202011361193 A CN 202011361193A CN 112589386 A CN112589386 A CN 112589386A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
A processing technology of an arc-shaped separation finger diaphragm spring belongs to the technical field of clutch processing. The invention aims to change the processing technology of a diaphragm spring, wherein the shape of a separating finger is directly processed by adopting stamping for the separating finger, and the heat treatment is only carried out by the processing technology of the arc-shaped separating finger diaphragm spring of high-frequency heating quenching. The method comprises the following steps: blanking and punching, notching, fine pressing and fillet forming, punching a central hole, arching and quenching, cleaning, medium-temperature tempering, separating and quenching, low-temperature tempering, shot blasting, strong pressure loading and rust prevention treatment. The invention changes the high-frequency heating and press quenching forming of the separation finger of the original process into the shape of the separation finger directly processed by stamping, only high-frequency heating and quenching are carried out on the heat treatment, and simultaneously, the quenching medium is changed into compressed gas from the original cooling water without forming treatment, thereby realizing automatic production. The beat of the heat treatment forming procedure of the prior art is 30 seconds, the stamping forming procedure can save 20 seconds, the beat of a single piece can be saved by 10 seconds, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clutch processing.
Background
The diaphragm spring clutch is a clutch made by replacing a general coil spring and a release lever mechanism with a diaphragm spring, and can be a central clutch because the diaphragm spring clutch is arranged at the center. The use of a diaphragm spring as a compression spring in the clutch has many advantages. Firstly, the diaphragm spring has the functions of a compression spring and a separation rod, so that the number of parts is reduced, and the weight is reduced; secondly, the structure of the clutch is greatly simplified, and the axial size of the clutch is obviously shortened; furthermore, the diaphragm spring has good nonlinear characteristics, and is designed appropriately, so that the friction plate can be worn to the limit, the pressing force can still be kept to be changed little, the pedal force when the clutch is separated can be reduced, and the operation is convenient. In addition, the diaphragm spring is mounted in a position which is completely symmetrical with respect to the rotational axis of the clutch, so that its pressing force is not affected by centrifugal force, and is well suited for high-speed rotation.
The release bearing is divided into two types, a flat surface and an arc surface, according to the form of a contact surface. The shape of the diaphragm spring separation finger is divided into an arc shape and a straight finger shape according to the form of the contact surface of the matched separation bearing.
The existing complete processing technology for the diaphragm spring with the arc-shaped separation finger comprises the following steps: blanking and punching, notching, finely pressing a fillet, arching and quenching, cleaning, tempering at medium temperature, separating and quenching and forming, tempering at low temperature, shot blasting, carrying out strong pressure load, and performing rust prevention treatment.
The straight finger-shaped diaphragm spring separation finger can be quenched in an air cooling quenching mode because the shape of the separation finger is not changed in the heat treatment processing procedure. In the working procedure, the diaphragm spring in the shape of circular arc is separated, and the working procedures of blanking, punching, notching and coining of the fillet hole are processing in a punching mode. In the arching quenching process, a rod furnace is used for heating, an arching die is used for quenching and forming quenching oil, and a chain furnace is used for medium-temperature tempering. The high-frequency induction mode is used for heating the separating finger, and the hydraulic press is used for cooling, forming and quenching the die. The quenching forming uses a hydraulic press and mold cooling water for forming quenching, the diaphragm spring needs to be accurately positioned and pressed to the mounting state of the cover assembly for forming quenching, and the diaphragm spring separation refers to the quenching forming restriction of the heat treatment process to realize automatic production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to change the processing technology of a diaphragm spring, wherein the shape of a separating finger is directly processed by adopting stamping for the separating finger, and the heat treatment is only carried out by the processing technology of the arc-shaped separating finger diaphragm spring of high-frequency heating quenching.
The method comprises the following steps: blanking and punching, notching, finely pressing round corners and forming, punching a central hole, arching and quenching, cleaning, tempering at medium temperature, separating and quenching, tempering at low temperature, shot blasting, loading under strong pressure and performing rust prevention treatment;
step one, performing fine pressing fillet forming:
s1, blanking and punching:
calculating the length L of the unfolded material:
l in the formula is the length of the unfolded material of the bending piece, and the unit is mm;
L1-the straight side length of the curved piece in mm;
r1、r2-the radius of curvature in the curved piece, in mm;
t-original thickness of the bent piece in mm;
x0-neutral layer inward shift coefficient;
θ1、θ2-the angle of the bend in degrees;
calculating the size of the expanded material according to the size of the finished workpieceL, the minimum size of the part of the central positioning punch part in the central hole punching process to the spreading material position needs to be larger than the thickness t of the material, the two parts are rounded upwards in addition, and the size of the central hole in the blanking process is determined
Calculating blanking force and selecting stamping equipment:
cutting force F0The calculation of (2):
F0＝C×t×T (2)
c-blanking perimeter, unit mm;
t is the thickness of the blanking material in mm;
t-material shear strength, unit MPa;
the actual shearing strength during blanking is not only related to the material properties, but also to the material hardening degree, the material thickness, the relative clearance (Z/t) of the punch and die, and the blanking speed, and can be calculated by the following formula:
where m is a coefficient related to relative clearance;
σb-tensile strength of the material in MPa;
the Z/t of the mould is 0.15, the m is 1.2,
in the formula sigmasYield limit of the material, in MPa;
considering the factors of abrasion of the cutting edge of the die, fluctuation of the clearance between the male die and the female die, change of mechanical properties of materials, thickness deviation and the like, the actual required blanking force needs to be increased by 30 percent, namely
F＝1.3F0＝1.3CtT (5)
Positioning the outer contour of the raw material, placing the raw material on a die, and punching a molding hole and a central hole on the membrane spring sheet by using a blanking and punching die;
s2, notching: calculating blanking force according to formulas (2), (4) and (5), selecting a punch with corresponding tonnage for blanking, and positioning and processing a workpiece by a central hole and a profile hole;
s3, performing corner finishing and forming: calculating the blanking force of the coining part: coining the outer circle and the periphery of the hole to a coining depth h2The blanking force can be determined by the blanking thickness h2I.e. F ═ 1.3F0＝1.3Ch2T (6)
Calculating the blanking force of the finger tip shape forming processing: f1＝πr2tσbK1 (7)
Wherein t is the thickness of the material and the unit of mm;
r2-the radius of the fillet, in mm, after the separation is profiled;
σb-tensile strength of the material in MPa;
K1-factor, in this process 0.18 is taken;
the blanking force F in the process is equal to the sum of the two blanking forces (6) and (7);
placing the material sheet obtained in the last step on a precision press forming die, positioning by using a central hole and a profile hole chamfering punch guide part, and carrying out profile hole and excircle precision fillet pressing and separation finger forming;
step two, separation and quenching:
s1, placing the tempered diaphragm spring on a high-frequency heating positioning disc through an automatic sucker, and performing high-frequency heating for 20S;
s2, placing the heated diaphragm spring on a cooling die through the automatic sucker, automatically starting compressed air for cooling and quenching through the equipment, wherein the cooling time is 14S, and discharging the quenched workpiece onto a tempering furnace through the automatic sucker.
The invention changes the high-frequency heating and press quenching forming of the separation finger of the original process into the shape of the separation finger directly processed by stamping, only high-frequency heating and quenching are carried out on the heat treatment, and simultaneously, the quenching medium is changed into compressed gas from the original cooling water without forming treatment, thereby realizing automatic production. The beat of the heat treatment forming procedure of the prior art is 30 seconds, the stamping forming procedure can save 20 seconds, the beat of a single piece can be saved by 10 seconds, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a finished diaphragm spring stamping process;
FIG. 2 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blanking punch;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a notching press;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a coined fillet formation;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the punch center hole.
Detailed Description
The invention designs the complete process of the diaphragm spring as follows: blanking, punching and notchingCoining fillet formingPunching a central hole, arching quenching, cleaning, medium temperature temperingSeparate finger quenchingLow-temperature tempering, shot blasting, high-pressure loading and rust prevention treatment; the forming of the separating fingers in the original process scheme is put into a process of stamping and coining fillets from heat treatment high-frequency quenching forming, so that the process is not increased, and the requirements of a hydraulic press and a separating finger forming die in heat treatment processing can be reduced. Meanwhile, the automatic production is realized by utilizing the quenching processing technology of the finger end of the diaphragm spring with the existing separating finger in the shape of a straight finger.
Fig. 1 and 2 are drawings of finished products of diaphragm spring stamping, and the stamping process needs to complete blanking, punching, notching, fine pressing and central hole stamping.
2.1 blanking and punching in the first step:
calculating the length L of the unfolded material:
l in the formula is the length of the unfolded material of the bending piece, and the unit is mm;
L1-the straight side length of the curved piece in mm;
r1、r2-the radius of curvature in the curved piece, in mm;
t-original thickness of the bent piece in mm;
x0-neutral layer inward shift coefficient;
θ1、θ2-angle of curvature of the bending part in degrees.
According to the size of the finished workpieceCalculating the size L of the expanded material, wherein the minimum size from the central punching positioning part to the expanded material position in the central hole punching process needs to be larger than the thickness t of the material, the two are rounded upwards in addition, and the size of the central hole in the blanking process is determined
Calculating blanking force and selecting stamping equipment:
cutting force F0The calculation of (2):
F0＝C×t×T (2)
c-blanking perimeter, unit mm;
t is the thickness of the blanking material in mm;
t-material shear strength, unit Mpa.
The actual shearing strength during blanking is not only related to the material properties, but also to the material hardening degree, the material thickness, the relative clearance (Z/t) of the punch and die, and the blanking speed, and can be calculated by the following formula:
where m is a coefficient related to relative clearance;
σb-tensile strength of the material in Mpa.
In the process, the Z/t of the die is 0.15, the m is 1.2,
in the formula sigmasYield limit of the material in Mpa.
Considering the factors of abrasion of the cutting edge of the die, fluctuation of the clearance between the male die and the female die, change of mechanical properties of materials, thickness deviation and the like, the actual required blanking force needs to be increased by 30 percent, namely
F＝1.3F0＝1.3CtT (5)
The raw material is positioned with the outer contour, and is placed on a die, and a blanking and punching die is used for blanking a molding hole and a central hole of the membrane spring sheet.
2.2 second notching:
and (3) calculating the blanking force according to the formulas (2), (4) and (5), selecting a punch with corresponding tonnage for blanking, and positioning and processing the workpiece by using a central hole and a profile hole.
2.3 coining fillet forming
Calculating the blanking force of the coining part: the outer circle and the periphery of the hole at the coining position, the dotted line in FIG. 6, and the coining depth h2The blanking force can be determined by the blanking thickness h2I.e. F ═ 1.3F0＝1.3Ch2T (6)。
Calculating the blanking force of the finger tip shape forming processing: f1＝πr2tσbK1 (7)
Wherein t is the thickness of the material and the unit of mm;
r2-the radius of the fillet, in mm, after the separation is profiled;
σb-tensile strength of the material in MPa;
K1-factor, in this process 0.18 is taken;
in the process, the blanking force F is equal to the sum of the two blanking forces of the formulas (6) and (7).
And placing the material sheet obtained in the last step on a precision press forming die to position by using a central hole and a profile hole chamfering punch guide part, and carrying out precision press fillet and separation finger forming on the profile hole and the excircle.
2.4 punching the center hole
Will be provided with
To
Part of the material is punched out to finish the processing of the punched finished product, and the blanking force is calculated according to the formula (5), wherein the blanking diameter is
And (5) positioning the molded holes to complete blanking.
2.5 putting the sheet of the diaphragm spring obtained by stamping into a heating furnace with the coining fillet face downward for heating at 880 +/-5 ℃. And (3) heating for 18min, conveying the heated material sheet to an arching die through a stick, positioning the material sheet by a central hole of a diaphragm spring, and performing pressure quenching by a hydraulic machine for 2 min.
And 2.6, conveying the pressure-quenched diaphragm spring to a cleaning furnace through a conveying chain, and cleaning residual quenching oil on the surface of the diaphragm spring for 2 min.
2.7 putting the cleaned diaphragm spring into a tempering furnace through an automatic sucker, tempering at 420 ℃ for 60min, and putting the workpiece on a high-frequency heating workbench through the automatic sucker after tempering.
2.8 the tempered diaphragm spring is placed on a high-frequency heating positioning disc through an automatic sucker to be heated at high frequency for 20S.
2.9 the automatic sucker places the heated diaphragm spring on the cooling die, the equipment automatically starts compressed air for cooling and quenching for 14S, and the quenched workpiece is discharged onto a tempering furnace through the automatic sucker.
2.10 low-temperature tempering in a chain furnace at 210 ℃ for 40 min.
And 2.11, conveying the tempered diaphragm spring to a shot blasting room by using a conveying vehicle for double-sided shot blasting, wherein the strength is 0.14-0.23 mm.
2.12 the diaphragm spring after shot blasting is placed on a high-pressure load die to position the outer circumference of the product, and equipment is started to automatically carry out high-pressure load.
Conveying the qualified piece with the load value of 2.13 to an anti-rust treatment area by using a conveying vehicle, immersing the diaphragm spring into anti-rust oil by using a crane for 15S, taking out the piece in the workpiece mode material frame, draining the anti-rust oil, and putting the piece into a finished product frame.
Claims (1)
1. A processing technology of a circular arc separation finger diaphragm spring is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: blanking and punching, notching, finely pressing round corners and forming, punching a central hole, arching and quenching, cleaning, tempering at medium temperature, separating and quenching, tempering at low temperature, shot blasting, loading under strong pressure and performing rust prevention treatment;
step one, performing fine pressing fillet forming:
s1, blanking and punching:
calculating the length L of the unfolded material:
l in the formula is the length of the unfolded material of the bending piece, and the unit is mm;
L1-the straight side length of the curved piece in mm;
r1、r2-the radius of curvature in the curved piece, in mm;
t-original thickness of the bent piece in mm;
x0-neutral layer inward shift coefficient;
θ1、θ2-the angle of the bend in degrees;
calculating the size L of the expanded material according to the size of the finished product of the workpiece, wherein the minimum size from the part of the central positioning punching part to the expanded material in the central hole punching process needs to be larger than the thickness t of the material, and the minimum size are rounded upwards in the adding process to determine the size of the central hole in the blanking process
Calculating blanking force and selecting stamping equipment:
cutting force F0The calculation of (2):
F0＝C×t×τ (2)
c-blanking perimeter, unit mm;
t is the thickness of the blanking material in mm;
τ -Material shear Strength, in MPa;
the actual shearing strength during blanking is not only related to the material properties, but also to the material hardening degree, the material thickness, the relative clearance (Z/t) of the punch and die, and the blanking speed, and can be calculated by the following formula:
where m is a coefficient related to relative clearance;
σb-tensile strength of the material in MPa;
the Z/t of the die is 0.15, and the m is 1.2, so
In the formula sigmasYield limit of the material, in MPa;
considering the factors of abrasion of the cutting edge of the die, fluctuation of the clearance between the male die and the female die, change of mechanical properties of materials, thickness deviation and the like, the actual required blanking force needs to be increased by 30 percent, namely
F＝1.3F0＝1.3Ctτ (5)
Positioning the outer contour of the raw material, placing the raw material on a die, and punching a molding hole and a central hole on the membrane spring sheet by using a blanking and punching die;
s2, notching: calculating blanking force according to formulas (2), (4) and (5), selecting a punch with corresponding tonnage for blanking, and positioning and processing a workpiece by a central hole and a profile hole;
s3, performing corner finishing and forming: calculating the blanking force of the coining part: coining the outer circle and the periphery of the hole to a coining depth h2The blanking force can be determined by the blanking thickness h2I.e. F ═ 1.3F0＝1.3Ch2τ (6)
Calculating the blanking force of the finger tip shape forming processing: f1＝πr2tσbK1 (7)
Wherein t is the thickness of the material and the unit of mm;
r2-the radius of the fillet, in mm, after the separation is profiled;
σb-tensile strength of the material in MPa;
K1-factor, in this process 0.18 is taken;
the blanking force F in the process is equal to the sum of the two blanking forces (6) and (7);
placing the material sheet obtained in the last step on a precision press forming die, positioning by using a central hole and a profile hole chamfering punch guide part, and carrying out profile hole and excircle precision fillet pressing and separation finger forming;
step two, separation and quenching:
s1, placing the tempered diaphragm spring on a high-frequency heating positioning disc through an automatic sucker, and performing high-frequency heating for 20S;
s2, placing the heated diaphragm spring on a cooling die through the automatic sucker, automatically starting compressed air for cooling and quenching through the equipment, wherein the cooling time is 14S, and discharging the quenched workpiece onto a tempering furnace through the automatic sucker.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011361193.5A CN112589386A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Processing technology of circular arc separation finger diaphragm spring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011361193.5A CN112589386A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Processing technology of circular arc separation finger diaphragm spring |
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| CN112589386A true CN112589386A (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004144132A (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-20 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Disc spring and manufacturing method of disc spring |
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2020
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| JP2004144132A (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-05-20 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Disc spring and manufacturing method of disc spring |
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| CN106271405A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 湖北大帆汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of diaphragm spring processing technique |
| CN206706152U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-12-05 | 湖北三环离合器有限公司 | A kind of diaphragm spring high frequency automatic air quenching press |
| CN211199308U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-08-07 | 重庆柯瑞思科技有限公司 | Automatic quenching and cleaning production line for diaphragm spring |
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Application publication date: 20210402 |