CN112586340A - New combined breeding method for high-quality eurytopic hybrid rice - Google Patents
New combined breeding method for high-quality eurytopic hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides a new combination breeding method of high-quality eurytopic hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a high-quality parental group with small quality character difference; (2) matching the bred high-quality sterile line and high-quality restorer line; (3) establishing an ecological adaptability joint point and performing planting test; (4) screening out a combination which has excellent quality and characters and can be safely matured; (5) screening the new species under the high and low temperature sensitivity stress in an artificial climate chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a breeding method of a new high-quality and widely-adaptive hybrid rice variety, and mainly relates to a breeding thought and an implementation technology for breeding a new hybrid rice variety which has excellent quality and character and stable performance in different ecoregions by utilizing planting identification in different regions and stress under different conditions.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the requirement of people on rice is changed from 'full' to 'good', and under the background, the characteristics of 'high quality and high price' of rice are more and more obvious in recent years, and the market demand of high quality rice is continuously increased.
Whether the rice is high-quality or not has the following important influence factors: one is whether the rice variety is high-quality, which is the most critical factor, and for hybrid rice varieties, matching by using sterile line and restorer line parents with good quality is the basis for obtaining the good varieties; and secondly, whether the planting quality characters of the rice varieties are stable in different areas or not is determined, and the rice production process is influenced by various factors such as temperature, light, water, fertilizer and the like, so that the selection of the varieties with stable comprehensive quality characters in different climatic environments and different cultivation environments is very important. Thirdly, the rice belongs to F2 generation, and the character separation is very large, so the parent and the parent of the hybrid rice variety are required to have small difference of character and character, and the appearance and taste quality of the harvested rice can be kept consistent.
In summary, in rice breeding, particularly in hybrid rice breeding, parents of hybrid rice need to be bred to have good, stable and small differences in quality and character, and then sterile lines and restorer line parents with good quality and character are used to breed new varieties with good and stable quality and character in different regions and under different planting conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technical method for breeding new hybrid rice varieties, which is used for breeding new hybrid rice varieties with excellent quality, wide adaptability and relatively stable quality characters in different ecological regions, and meets the market demand of high-quality rice through the application of the new high-quality hybrid rice varieties.
Specifically, the invention provides a new combination breeding method of high-quality eurytopic hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a high-quality parental group with small quality character difference;
(2) matching the bred high-quality sterile line and high-quality restorer line;
(3) establishing an ecological adaptability joint point and performing planting test;
(4) screening out a combination which has excellent quality and characters and can be safely matured;
(5) screening the new species under the high and low temperature sensitivity stress in an artificial climate chamber.
Specifically, the sterile line and the restorer line which are good in appearance quality, processing quality and taste quality of rice and insensitive to light and temperature are selected for matching in the steps (1) and (2), and the quality character difference between the sterile line and the restorer line is small; the quality traits include grain length, grain width, whole rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky degree, amylose content or gel consistency.
And (3) arranging rice variety testing bases in different ecological areas such as a northeast early japonica middle-maturing type area, a northern early japonica late-maturing type area, a northern China middle japonica middle-maturing type area, a Yangtze river middle-downstream single season late japonica type area, a southwest plateau wet single season rice planting area and the like, and testing the ecological adaptability of the new hybrid rice combination.
Further, the step (3) comprises that in an ecological adaptability test base, in a suitable sowing period, the accumulated temperature is enough to ensure the variety to be mature, and severe weather can be avoided to a certain extent according to local conditions; and (4) carrying out stage sowing test planting on the obtained new hybrid rice combination, and simultaneously planting the in-situ main planted high-quality rice variety as a control variety.
Further, the step (3) comprises the steps of harvesting in stages when the water content of the new hybrid rice combination reaches 15-16% in each ecological adaptability test base, and comprehensively analyzing the results of the stage sowing test.
Further, the step (4) comprises the systematic analysis of adaptability and quality traits of the new combination of hybrid rice planted in different region stage sowing tests.
Further, the system analysis includes: firstly, screening new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in different ecological areas, and recording an optimal sowing period, an optimal harvesting period and a water and fertilizer management mode; secondly, the yield of the new hybrid rice combination is measured, and the yield result is compared with the control, so that the quality of the new hybrid rice combination is obviously superior to that of the control; thirdly, carrying out quality detection on a new combination of hybrid rice which is safe to mature and has the same yield as the control yield; fourthly, screening out new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in each ecological area, have the yield not lower than the contrast and have the quality reaching the high-quality rice of more than the second grade of the national standard.
Further, the step (5) comprises the step of carrying out high-temperature and low-temperature stress identification on the screened new hybrid rice combinations again in an artificial climate chamber, wherein the high temperature reaches 38 ℃ and the low temperature reaches 15 ℃ in the booting stage, and the screened new hybrid rice combinations with more than 85% of maturing rate and relatively stable consistency under the conditions of high temperature and low temperature are screened.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the quality of the hybrid rice combination rice bred by the method reaches above national standard second grade rice, and the requirement of the market on high-quality rice is met.
(2) The hybrid rice bred by the method has wide combination adaptability and strong capability of coping with extreme climates such as high temperature, low temperature and the like, ensures that the rice quality is stable on the premise of ensuring the safe planting maturity of each main rice producing area, and improves the safety of agricultural production.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
The specific process of the invention is as follows: 1. selecting a high-quality parent matching group with small quality character difference, 2, matching the selected high-quality sterile line and the selected high-quality restoring line, 3, establishing an ecological adaptability combination point and performing a planting test, 4, selecting a combination which has excellent quality character and can be safely matured, 5, screening a climatic chamber under high and low temperature sensitivity stress, 6, obtaining a new variety 1, a new variety 2, a new variety 3 and the like.
Specifically, the invention provides a breeding method of a hybrid rice variety with high quality, wide adaptability and stable quality, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sterile lines and restorer lines with good appearance quality, processing quality and taste quality (the main quality index reaches more than the national standard grade 1) and insensitive to light and temperature are selected for matching, and in addition, the quality characters (grain length, grain width, whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky whiteness, amylose content and gel consistency) between the selected sterile lines and restorer lines are required to have small difference, so that the new combination quality characters (whole polished rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky whiteness, amylose content and gel consistency) of the hybrid rice are guaranteed to be good. The quality of the light-temperature insensitive variety is less influenced by the environment, and the quality is more stable; the rice is F2 generation, belongs to the generation of segregation, the parents have good quality and small difference, the progeny has small segregation and good and stable quality.
(2) The method is characterized in that rice variety testing bases are arranged in 7 different ecological areas, namely a northeast early japonica middle maturity type area, a northern early japonica late maturity type area, a northern early japonica middle maturity type area, a northern China middle japonica middle maturity type area, a Yangtze middle and downstream single season late japonica type area, a southwest plateau wet single season rice planting area and the like, and are used for testing the ecological adaptability of the new hybrid rice combination.
(3) In the 7 ecological adaptability test bases, the accumulated temperature is enough to ensure the variety to be mature in the suitable sowing period, and severe weather can be avoided to a certain extent, so that the ecological adaptability test bases can be adjusted according to local conditions. And planting the obtained new hybrid rice combination in a stage-by-stage seeding test, seeding in three stages, planting 0.5 mu of land in each cell at an interval of 10 days in each stage, normally performing water and fertilizer management, and simultaneously planting high-quality rice varieties planted on the land as a control variety.
(4) In each ecological adaptability test base, staged harvesting is carried out when the water content of the new hybrid rice combination reaches 15-16%, and the results of the staged sowing test are comprehensively analyzed.
(5) Systematic analysis of adaptability and quality traits of new combinations of hybrid rice planted in different regions by stage sowing tests: firstly, screening new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in different ecological areas, and recording an optimal sowing period, an optimal harvesting period and a water and fertilizer management mode; secondly, performing actual harvest and yield measurement on the new hybrid rice combination, comparing a yield result with a control, wherein the quality is obviously superior to that of the control, and the yield is equivalent to that of the control or the yield is reduced by 5% in a region; the quality is equivalent to the contrast, and the yield is higher than the contrast by more than 5 percent; thirdly, performing quality detection on a new hybrid rice combination which is safe and mature and has the same yield as the contrast yield, and mainly detecting the appearance quality, processing quality and taste quality indexes of the rice; fourthly, screening out new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in each ecological area, have the yield not lower than the contrast and have the quality reaching the high-quality rice of more than the second grade of the national standard.
a. The yield determination method comprises the following steps: and (4) generally checking the number of spikes in the maturation period, taking 10 holes according to the average number of spikes in each hole to investigate the total number of grains per spike, the number of empty and shriveled grains and the thousand grain weight, and calculating the theoretical yield of the sample and the control.
b. The processing quality determination method comprises the following steps: the rice sample was harvested in 3 portions, 300g each, for the control and each sample maturation period, after husking using a husker, shriveled grains and rice were separated, the brown rice weight (M) was weighed, and the brown rice rate x was calculated as (M1/300+ M2/300+ M3/300)/3 x 100%. Grinding the brown rice into polished rice by using a polished rice machine, weighing the weight (M) of the polished rice, and calculating the polished rice rate x to be (M1/M1+ M2/M2+ M3/M3)/3 x 100%. And (4) measuring the polished rice of the control and the sample by using a rice appearance quality detector, and measuring the polished rice rate.
c. Appearance quality measuring method: and detecting appearance quality data such as the whole polished rice rate, the broken rice rate, the yellow rice, the chalky rice, the grain length, the aspect ratio whiteness and the like of the contrast and sample polished rice by using a rice appearance quality detector.
d. The milled rice was examined using a rice-kernel smell meter and the grain taste value, moisture content, protein, amylose content of the sample and control were determined.
e. The milled polished rice was examined using a rice taste meter, and the taste value, hardness, viscosity, balance and appearance of the rice were measured for the samples and the control.
f. Screening out the strain with the theoretical yield higher than that of a contrast by more than 6 percent, the whole rice rate more than or equal to 62 percent, the chalkiness degree less than or equal to 3 percent, the taste quality score higher than that of the contrast and more than or equal to 80 minutes, the imperfect grain less than or equal to 2.5, the amylose content of 14.0-18.0, the impurity content less than or equal to 0.8 percent, the content of the brown rice outside the bone and the grain less than or equal to 1 percent, the yellow rice grain content less than or equal to 0..
(6) And (3) carrying out high-temperature and low-temperature stress identification on the screened new hybrid rice combinations again in an artificial climate chamber, wherein the high temperature reaches 38 ℃ and the low temperature reaches 15 ℃ in the booting stage, and the screened new hybrid rice combinations with more than 85% of maturing rate and relatively stability and consistency under the high-temperature and low-temperature conditions are screened.
And (3) planting the new hybrid rice combination in the field, starting at the initial stage of booting, randomly drawing 20 holes for each variety, transplanting the hybrid rice combination into a water bucket, and performing pot culture in an artificial climate chamber, wherein the holes are formed in one bucket. Each variety is divided into a high-temperature treatment group and a low-temperature treatment group, and each group comprises 10 pots per variety. Simulating the daily average temperature of 38 ℃ to perform treatment on the high-temperature group for 7 days; the low temperature group was treated for 7 days at a simulated daily average temperature of 15 ℃. And (5) simulating the actual temperature after treatment, planting in a pot until fructification is achieved, and counting the fructification rate.
In a specific embodiment, the invention utilizes the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 to breed the international grade 1 rice hybrid japonica rice Tianlongyou 619. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) the sterile line and the restorer line which have excellent appearance quality, processing quality and taste quality of rice, light and temperature insensitivity and wide adaptability are selected to be crossed and matched to obtain a batch of new hybrid rice combined seeds.
(2) The sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 in the selected parents have the advantages of good quality, small difference and insensitive light and temperature.
(3) The harvested new hybrid rice combination seeds are planted in 7 rice variety test bases such as a northeast early japonica middle-maturing type area, a northern early japonica late-maturing type area, a northern middle early japonica middle-maturing type area, a northern middle early japonica late-maturing type area, a northern China middle japonica middle-maturing type area, a Yangtze river middle-downstream single-season late-maturing type area, a southwest plateau wet single-season rice planting area and the like at the same time, and the ecological adaptability of the hybrid japonica rice combination in the group is tested.
(4) In 7 ecological adaptability test bases, in the local sowing period, all the tested and matched new hybrid rice combinations are planted in a stage-by-stage sowing test, sowing is carried out in three stages, every 10 days are provided, each plot is planted with 0.5 mu of land, water and fertilizer management is normally carried out, and simultaneously, local main cultivars are planted to serve as control cultivars.
(5) In each ecological adaptability test base, different hybrid rice new combinations are harvested in stages in the mature period, the water content of the rice reaches about 15-16, and the results of the stage sowing test are comprehensively analyzed.
(6) Systematic analysis of adaptability and quality traits of new combinations of hybrid rice planted in different regions by stage sowing tests: firstly, new hybrid rice combinations tested and matched by a sterile line L6A and a restorer line R19 are safely mature in 7 different ecological areas, and the optimal sowing time, the optimal harvesting time and a water and fertilizer management mode are recorded; secondly, performing actual harvest and yield measurement on the new hybrid rice combination, wherein the yield of the new hybrid rice combination measured and matched by the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 is slightly higher than that of the high-quality rice variety mainly planted in the current area; thirdly, the new hybrid rice combination tested and matched by the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 is subjected to quality detection, the 6-point detection result reaches the national standard grade 1 rice standard, the 1-point detection result reaches the national standard grade 2 rice standard, and the rice evaluation results are superior to local high-quality rice varieties.
(7) And (3) carrying out high-temperature and low-temperature stress identification on the screened new hybrid rice combinations in a climatic chamber again, wherein the high temperature reaches 38 ℃ and the low temperature reaches 15 ℃ in the booting stage, and the setting rate of the new hybrid rice combinations tested and matched by the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 is more than 85% and is relatively stable and consistent under the high-temperature and low-temperature conditions.
(8) The new combination of hybrid rice tested and matched by the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 passes through national approval, Liaoning approval, Tianjin approval, Hebei approval, Guizhou approval and Jiangsu approval, passes through introduction of seeds in Heilongjiang, Beijing City and Shandong province, is detected by food quality supervision, inspection and test center (Wuhan) in the agricultural rural area, the rice quality reaches the national standard level 1, and the determination result is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 New rice quality index of sterile line L6A, restorer line R19 and hybrid rice
As can be seen from table 1, by applying the method of the present invention, the sterile line L6A and the restorer line R19 with excellent quality and small difference are selected, the quality of the combined tianlong you 619 reaches the international level 1, and tianlong you 619 passes the national and 8 provinces (municipalities) approval, i.e., the adaptability and the popularization range are very wide.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A new combination breeding method for high-quality eurytopic hybrid rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a high-quality parental group with small quality character difference;
(2) matching the bred high-quality sterile line and high-quality restorer line;
(3) establishing an ecological adaptability joint point and performing planting test;
(4) screening out a combination which has excellent quality and characters and can be safely matured;
(5) screening the new species under the high and low temperature sensitivity stress in an artificial climate chamber.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steps (1) and (2) comprise selecting a sterile line and a restorer line which are excellent in appearance quality, processing quality and taste quality of rice and are insensitive to light and temperature for matching, and the difference in quality traits between the sterile line and the restorer line is small.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the quality traits comprise grain length, grain width, whole rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalky degree, amylose content or gel consistency.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises setting rice variety testing bases in different ecological areas of a northeast early japonica middle-maturing type area, a northern early japonica late-maturing type area, a northern middle early japonica middle-maturing type area, a northern middle early japonica late-maturing type area, a northern middle japonica middle-maturing type area, a southern Yangtze middle-downstream single-season late-maturing type area and a southwest highland wet single-season rice cropping area for testing ecological adaptability of the new hybrid rice combination.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step (3) comprises planting the obtained new combination of hybrid rice in a step-by-step seeding test according to an ecological suitability test base while planting the field-planted high-quality rice variety as a control variety.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (4) comprises performing systematic analysis of the adaptability and quality traits of new combinations of hybrid rice planted in different regional stage seeding trials.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the system analysis comprises: firstly, screening new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in different ecological areas, and recording an optimal sowing period, an optimal harvesting period and a water and fertilizer management mode; secondly, the yield of the new hybrid rice combination is measured, and the yield result is compared with the control, so that the quality of the new hybrid rice combination is obviously superior to that of the control; thirdly, carrying out quality detection on a new combination of hybrid rice which is safe to mature and has the same yield as the control yield; fourthly, screening out new hybrid rice combinations which can be safely matured in each ecological area, have the yield not lower than the contrast and have the quality reaching the high-quality rice of more than the second grade of the national standard.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) comprises the step of carrying out high temperature and low temperature stress identification on the selected new hybrid rice combinations again in a phytotron, and selecting the new hybrid rice combinations with more than 85% of maturing rate and more stable and consistent maturing rate under the conditions of high temperature and low temperature when the temperature reaches 38 ℃ and 15 ℃ in the booting period.
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Application publication date: 20210402 |