CN112582504A - 一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备和工艺 - Google Patents

一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备和工艺 Download PDF

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CN112582504A
CN112582504A CN202011544481.4A CN202011544481A CN112582504A CN 112582504 A CN112582504 A CN 112582504A CN 202011544481 A CN202011544481 A CN 202011544481A CN 112582504 A CN112582504 A CN 112582504A
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上官泉元
邹开峰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备和工艺,包括硅片上料机构以将硅片平放在平躺的载板上进行上料并由链式传输机构输送载板进入装载真空腔;载板进入TCO镀膜腔内进行TCO镀膜;载板进入光注入退火腔内进行光注入退火;载板进入卸载真空腔内进行大气回填;采用硅片下料机构将硅片下料;空的载板经载板回转机构回传到上料端。本发明将TCO镀膜及光注入退火两道工序集成在一台设备中,利用平躺式载板以实现链式连续运行,在印刷银线前先完成光注入退火,工序整合度高,降低了设备投入,制程周期缩短,生产效率和产品良率提升,电池制造成本随之降低,解决了现有技术光注入退火工序导致的银线与硅片粘结强度下降的问题。

Description

一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备和工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,特别涉及一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备和工艺。
背景技术
光伏发电已经成为一种可替代化石能源的技术,这依赖于近年不断降低的生产成本和光电转换效率的提升。按照光伏电池片的材质,太阳能电池大致可以分为两类:一类是晶体硅太阳能电池,包括单晶硅太阳能电池、多晶硅太阳能电池;另一类是薄膜太阳能电池,主要包括非晶硅太阳能电池、碲化镉太阳能电池及铜铟镓硒太阳能电池等。目前,以高纯度硅材作为主要原材料的晶体硅太阳能电池是主流产品,所占的比例在80%以上。
在晶体硅太阳能发电系统中,实现光电转换的最核心步骤之一是将晶体硅加工成实现光电转换的电池片的工序,因而电池片的光电转换效率也成为了体现晶体硅太阳能发电系统技术水平的关键指标。
提升电池效率,建立钝化接触是关键。由于光生载流子在硅片内部快速运动,一旦接触表面就会导致复合而无法收集成电流发电。如果在表面镀一层特别的保护膜,像氧化硅、氮化硅、氧化铝、非晶硅等由于表面晶硅表面化学键的饱和以及薄膜和晶硅之间形成的电荷场,它们能有效阻止少子在表面的复合。
为了进一步提升效率,新的电池理论模拟要求钝化层全覆盖,载流子通过隧道穿透效应到达覆盖在钝化层上的导电层。HIT电池就是基于这个理念设计的新电池,其具有发电量高、度电成本低的优势。
HIT电池也叫做异质结电池,其全称为晶体硅异质结太阳能电池。HIT电池最早由日本三洋公司研发,其后日本的Kaneka、美国的Solarci ty等相关企业相继进行跟进。相较于传统的太阳能电池而言,HIT电池创新性的采用了单晶硅衬底和非晶硅薄膜异质结的结构,其在晶体硅上沉积非晶硅薄膜的做法,让HIT电池兼具了晶体硅电池与薄膜电池的优势。HIT电池具有结构简单、稳定性高、电池成本低、工艺温度低、光电转换效率高、温度特性好、双面发电等众多的特点,HIT电池组件为电池行业从业者公认的未来电池技术终极解决方案,也被誉为光伏电池产业的下一个风口。
HIT电池作为一种高效太阳能电池,它的常规制备流程是:1、清洗制绒;2.非晶硅镀膜;3、TCO镀膜;4、印刷银线。然而,最新研究发现,在太阳能电池制造完成后,在高于200℃的温度下,对太阳能电池表面进行一段时间的强光照射,电池的光电转换效率可以进一步提升0.2-1.0%。因此,为进一步提升HIT电池转换效率,在印刷银线工序后,增加了光注入工序,即在一定温度下使用高强度可见光(2-10倍的太阳光)照射电池,经一段时间后,电池转换效率增加。
现有技术方案,为实现电池转换效率的进一步提升,往往需要在印刷银线后,再增加一台独立设备(光注入退火炉)来完成光注入工艺,其具有如下缺点:
1、从工艺角度来看,上述结构电池形成后就可以正反面同时发电,它是一种天然的双面电池,而且发电效率很高,最高发电效率达到25%以上,但是,HIT双面电池的缺点是导电银浆必须在200℃以下温度固化30分钟左右,因此,必须使用低温银浆,但光注入的最佳温度在200℃以上,如果硅片在印刷银线后再进行光注入,其高于200℃的工艺温度,势必导致银线与硅片的粘结强度急速下降;
2、从生产角度来看,在电池制造流程中,增加一台独立设备完成光注入即在HIT制程中新增了一道电池制造工序,同时也额外增加了设备投入,电池制造成本也随之提升;此外,还将涉及到硅片上下料的周转,设备维护等问题,势必造成人工成本的增加和生产效率的低下,而电池制程周期的延长还会对电池片良率造成不利影响。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明首先提供了一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,包括一体依次设置的TCO镀膜腔及光注入退火腔,对应所述TCO镀膜腔及光注入退火腔的输送机构,以及设置在所述输送机构上的用于硅片承载的载板。
其中,所述TCO镀膜腔的进料端还设置有装载真空腔;所述光注入退火腔的出料端还设置有卸载真空腔。
其中,所述装载真空腔的进料端还设置有硅片上料机构;所述卸载真空腔的出料端还设置有硅片下料机构。
其中,还具有载板回转机构,所述载板回转机构的进口端连通至所述硅片下料机构,所述载板回转机构的出口端连通至所述硅片上料机构,以用于将卸载硅片后的空载板由所述硅片下料机构回转至所述硅片上料机构重复使用。
其中,对应所述TCO镀膜腔及光注入退火腔的所述输送机构为链式传输机构,所述载板为平躺式载板。
其中,所述光注入退火腔内采用的入射光源的沿载板前进方向的长度由退火所需时间和载板的运行速度决定,入射光源的宽度与载板宽度一致并在垂直于载板运动方向覆盖整个载板上的硅片。
本发明还提供了一种基于上述集成设备的用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1.采用硅片上料机构将经过非晶硅镀膜后的硅片按照M×N的排列方式平放在平躺的载板上进行上料;
S2.上料后的载板由链式传输机构输送进入装载真空腔,并在真空环境中将硅片加热到100-300℃;
S3.载板进入TCO镀膜腔内,在硅片的表面进行TCO镀膜;
S4.载板进入光注入退火腔内,将经过TCO镀膜的硅片进行光注入退火处理,包括正面光注入及反面光注入,或者仅为单面光注入;光注入退火腔的工艺温度为150-300℃,压力为真空或大气压,工艺气体为N2、O2、H2、Ar中的一种或多种混合;
S5.载板进入卸载真空腔内,回填到大气压力;
S6.采用硅片下料机构将完成TCO镀膜及光注入退火的硅片下料;
S7.空的载板经载板回转机构回传到上料端。
其中,对于M×N规格的所述载板,M=3-10,N=6-12,且所述载板采用耐高温材料、不锈钢或者碳纤维板制备而成。
其中,步骤S3中,TCO镀膜方式采用PVD或RPD,依次完成上镀膜和下镀膜;或者同时完成上镀膜和下镀膜,且所述载板在所述TCO镀膜腔内连续运行通过或按需短暂停留。
其中,步骤S4中,光注入退火工艺的入射光源采用平板可见光源,平板可见光源为平行放置若干日光灯或LED灯泡阵列排布,且入射光的强度达到太阳光强的2-10倍;入射光源可以设置在载板上方或下方,或是部分设置在上方且部分设置在下方;此外,光注入退火过程中硅片会放热,温度要控制在200±20℃范围内,如果入射光源在载板上方,载板下方可放置铝板,并通过加热或冷却的方式控制铝板温度在20-150℃。
通过上述技术方案,本发明通过将TCO镀膜及光注入退火两道工序集成在一台设备中,其具有如下优点:
1、降低了设备投入,电池制造成本随之降低;
2、利用平躺式载板运输硅片以实现链式连续运行,工序整合程度提高,制程周期缩短,规避了硅片上下料的周转、设备维护等问题,人工成本降低,生产效率和产品良率提升;
3、在印刷银线前先完成光注入退火,使银线固化条件容易优化达到最佳,由此解决了现有技术中光注入退火工序导致的银线与硅片粘结强度下降的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明实施例所公开的集成设备示意图。
100.硅片上料机构;200.装载真空腔;300.TCO镀膜腔;400.光注入退火腔;500.卸载真空腔;600.硅片下料机构;700.载板回转机构。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
参考图1,本发明提供了一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,包括一体依次设置的TCO镀膜腔300及光注入退火腔400,对应TCO镀膜腔300及光注入退火腔400的链式传输的输送机构,以及平躺式设置在输送机构上的用于硅片承载的载板;TCO镀膜腔300的进料端还设置有装载真空腔200,光注入退火腔400的出料端还设置有卸载真空腔500;装载真空腔200的进料端还设置有硅片上料机构100,卸载真空腔500的出料端还设置有硅片下料机构600;还具有载板回转机构700,载板回转机构700的进口端连通至硅片下料机构600,载板回转机构700的出口端连通至硅片上料机构100,以用于将卸载硅片后的空载板由硅片下料机构600回转至硅片上料机构100重复使用。
其中,光注入退火腔400内采用的入射光源的沿载板前进方向的长度由退火所需时间和载板的运行速度决定,入射光源的宽度与载板宽度一致并在垂直于载板运动方向覆盖整个载板上的硅片。
基于上述集成设备的用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1.采用硅片上料机构100将经过非晶硅镀膜后的硅片按照M×N的排列方式平放在平躺的载板上进行上料;其中,M=3-10,N=6-12,且载板采用耐高温材料、不锈钢或者碳纤维板制备而成;
S2.上料后的载板由链式传输机构输送进入装载真空腔200,并在真空环境中将硅片加热到100-300℃;
S3.载板进入TCO镀膜腔300内,在硅片的表面进行TCO镀膜;其中,TCO镀膜方式采用PVD或RPD,依次完成上镀膜和下镀膜;或者同时完成上镀膜和下镀膜,且载板在TCO镀膜腔300内连续运行通过或按需短暂停留;
S4.载板进入光注入退火腔400内,将经过TCO镀膜的硅片进行光注入退火处理,包括正面光注入及反面光注入;或者仅为单面光注入;光注入退火腔的工艺温度为150-300℃,压力为真空或大气压,工艺气体为N2、O2、H2、Ar中的一种或多种混合;其中,光注入退火工艺的入射光源采用平板可见光源,平板可见光源为平行放置若干日光灯或LED灯泡阵列排布,且入射光的强度达到太阳光强的2-10倍;入射光源可以设置在载板上方或下方,或是部分设置在上方且部分设置在下方;此外,光注入退火过程中硅片会放热,温度要控制在200±20℃范围内,如果入射光源在载板上方,载板下方可放置铝板,并通过加热或冷却的方式控制铝板温度在20-150℃;
S5.载板进入卸载真空腔500内,回填到大气压力;
S6.采用硅片下料机构600将完成TCO镀膜及光注入退火的硅片下料;
S7.空的载板经载板回转机构700回传到上料端。
本发明通过将TCO镀膜及光注入退火两道工序集成在一台设备中,降低了设备投入,电池制造成本随之降低;利用平躺式载板运输硅片以实现链式连续运行,工序整合程度提高,制程周期缩短,规避了硅片上下料的周转、设备维护等问题,人工成本降低,生产效率和产品良率提升;在印刷银线前先完成光注入退火,使银线固化条件容易优化达到最佳,解决了现有技术中光注入退火工序导致的银线与硅片粘结强度下降的问题。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对上述实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,包括一体依次设置的TCO镀膜腔(300)及光注入退火腔(400),对应所述TCO镀膜腔(300)及光注入退火腔(400)的输送机构,以及设置在所述输送机构上的用于硅片承载的载板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,所述TCO镀膜腔(300)的进料端还设置有装载真空腔(200);所述光注入退火腔(400)的出料端还设置有卸载真空腔(500)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,所述装载真空腔(200)的进料端还设置有硅片上料机构(100);所述卸载真空腔(500)的出料端还设置有硅片下料机构(600)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,还具有载板回转机构(700),所述载板回转机构(700)的进口端连通至所述硅片下料机构(600),所述载板回转机构(700)的出口端连通至所述硅片上料机构(100),以用于将卸载硅片后的空载板由所述硅片下料机构(600)回转至所述硅片上料机构(100)重复使用。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,对应所述TCO镀膜腔(300)及光注入退火腔(400)的所述输送机构为链式传输机构,所述载板为平躺式载板。
6.根据权利要求1-4所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的集成设备,其特征在于,所述光注入退火腔(400)内采用的入射光源的沿载板前进方向的长度由退火所需时间和载板的运行速度决定,入射光源的宽度与载板宽度一致并在垂直于载板运动方向覆盖整个载板上的硅片。
7.一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.采用硅片上料机构(100)将经过非晶硅镀膜后的硅片按照M×N的排列方式平放在平躺的载板上进行上料;
S2.上料后的载板由链式传输机构输送进入装载真空腔(200),并在真空环境中将硅片加热到100-300℃;
S3.载板进入TCO镀膜腔(300)内,在硅片的表面进行TCO镀膜;
S4.载板进入光注入退火腔(400)内,将经过TCO镀膜的硅片进行光注入退火处理;光注入退火腔的工艺温度为150-300℃,压力为真空或大气压,工艺气体为N2、O2、H2、Ar中的一种或多种混合;
S5.载板进入卸载真空腔(500)内,回填到大气压力;
S6.采用硅片下料机构(600)将完成TCO镀膜及光注入退火的硅片下料;
S7.空的载板经载板回转机构(700)由硅片下料机构(600)回传到上料端的硅片上料机构(100)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,其特征在于,对于M×N规格的所述载板,M=3-10,N=6-12,且所述载板采用耐高温材料、不锈钢或者碳纤维板制备而成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,其特征在于,步骤S3中,TCO镀膜方式采用PVD或RPD,依次完成上镀膜和下镀膜;或者同时完成上镀膜和下镀膜,且所述载板在所述TCO镀膜腔(300)内连续运行通过或按需短暂停留。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于太阳能电池片镀膜和光注入的工艺,其特征在于,步骤S4中,光注入退火工艺的入射光源采用平板可见光源,平板可见光源为平行放置若干日光灯或LED灯泡阵列排布,且入射光的强度达到太阳光强的2-10倍。
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CN113224205A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-06 宜兴市昱元能源装备技术开发有限公司 一种硅片的生产设备
CN114242834A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-03-25 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 一种铜栅线异质结太阳电池的生产集成设备及方法
CN116014036A (zh) * 2023-01-30 2023-04-25 通威太阳能(成都)有限公司 太阳电池及其制备方法、光注入装置及光注入系统
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CN113206172A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-08-03 安徽华晟新能源科技有限公司 切片硅异质结电池及制备方法、太阳能电池组件
CN113224205A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-08-06 宜兴市昱元能源装备技术开发有限公司 一种硅片的生产设备
CN114242834A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-03-25 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 一种铜栅线异质结太阳电池的生产集成设备及方法
CN114242834B (zh) * 2021-11-18 2024-07-12 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 一种铜栅线异质结太阳电池的生产集成设备及方法
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