CN112578442B - Method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration - Google Patents

Method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration Download PDF

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CN112578442B
CN112578442B CN202011368416.0A CN202011368416A CN112578442B CN 112578442 B CN112578442 B CN 112578442B CN 202011368416 A CN202011368416 A CN 202011368416A CN 112578442 B CN112578442 B CN 112578442B
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CN112578442A (en
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潘军
梅西
张勇
毕世普
王明健
黄龙
密蓓蓓
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Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for removing wake noise, which comprises the following steps of firstly converting shot gather data into a TAUP domain based on TAUP conversion; setting a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window, calculating amplitude values in different time windows along a time axis in a TAUP domain, and respectively generating a wake flow amplitude curve and an effective wave amplitude curve; smoothing the wake flow amplitude curve and the effective wave amplitude curve, and obtaining the amplitude curve relation between three different types of effective waves and wake flow noise according to different energy relations of the wake flow noise and the effective wave; and determining an amplitude curve ratio coefficient, determining an attenuation coefficient according to the amplitude curve ratio coefficient, then removing abnormal amplitude of the wake noise, and outputting a final result according to the attenuation coefficient relation so as to realize self-adaptive attenuation of the wake noise. The scheme of the invention can realize one-time processing to achieve the denoising target, greatly improve the processing efficiency and have higher practical application and popularization values.

Description

Method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine seismic data processing, in particular to a method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration.
Background
In marine seismic exploration, particularly high-resolution seismic exploration, when a cable is close to a ship, wake interference is inevitably received in the acquisition process, as shown in fig. 1, the noise is obviously distinguished from an effective signal, the speed is 1500m/s, the energy is nearly consistent in the seismic recording range, but the energy of vertical strip noise at different positions is different, the effective signal is interfered by the noise, the interpretation of a shallow stratum section is very unfavorable, and the noise is one of the noises to be eliminated in data processing.
Wake flow interference is linear in nature, and is currently removed mainly by using the difference between the apparent velocity and the effective wave apparent velocity, and commonly used removal methods include FXCNS, FK filtering, TAUP domain excision:
FXCNS and FK filtering operate efficiently but are vulnerable to significant signal damage. When the number of measuring lines is large, batch processing is needed for processing, the FXCNS and FK filtering are difficult to realize full optimization processing, namely, the condition that valid signals are easily damaged in part of the measuring lines is often generated, the processing parameters are required to be readjusted at the moment, and even the processing on the part of the measuring lines is required to be abandoned sometimes. This is the most troublesome situation, redesigning the process flow not only takes a lot of time, but also causes the processing personnel to trade off valuable time in repeatedly modifying the parameters, so FXCNS and FK filtering seem to be highly efficient, which is rather the lowest for complex lines;
the principle of linear interference removal is that the wake noise on the shot gather (fig. 2a) becomes a series of points (fig. 2b) after being converted into the tau domain, and the wake noise can be suppressed after the wake noise is removed (fig. 2c), and then the wake noise is converted into the shot gather (fig. 2 d). The main problem of the TAUP domain transform is that the amplitude preservation is poor by using the direct cut-off method, and especially when the overlapping region of the wake noise and the effective wave exists, the direct cut-off will also damage the effective signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration, aiming at overcoming the defects of low efficiency, poor precision and the like of the existing wake noise removing method, and the wake noise is removed by an abnormal amplitude denoising method on the basis of TAUP conversion.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method of removing wake noise from marine seismic surveys, comprising the steps of:
step 1, transforming shot gather data to a TAUP domain based on TAUP transformation;
step 2, setting a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window, wherein the width of the wake flow time window comprises wake flow noises, the length of the wake flow time window comprises a plurality of groups of wake flow noises, the effective wave time window is a copy of the wake flow time window, and the effective wave time window is arranged to be attached to the right side of the wake flow time window;
step 3, setting the downward sliding quantity of the wake flow time window and the effective wave time window, wherein different time windows are overlapped according to different sliding quantities when the wake flow time window and the effective wave time window slide downwards;
step 4, in the TAUP domain, calculating the internal vibration amplitude of a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window along a time axis until the maximum time, and respectively generating an effective wave amplitude curve and a wake flow noise amplitude curve;
step 5, smoothing the wake flow amplitude curve and the effective wave amplitude curve to eliminate high-frequency jitter, determining an amplitude ratio coefficient and determining an attenuation coefficient;
(1) according to different relationships between wake noise and effective wave energy, three amplitude curve relationships can be obtained:
mode A: the energy of the wake noise is larger than the energy of the effective wave, and the wake noise is attenuated as much as possible under the condition;
and (3) mode B: the wake noise energy is equivalent to the effective wave energy;
and mode C: wake noise energy is less than effective wave energy;
mode B and mode C need to protect the effective signal as much as possible in the process of attenuating wake noise;
(2) determining the amplitude curve ratio coefficient, i.e.
The amplitude curve ratio coefficient is equal to the wake noise amplitude value/effective wave amplitude value;
and determining the attenuation coefficient according to the amplitude curve ratio coefficient:
when the amplitude curve ratio coefficient is less than or equal to 1, namely the effective wave energy is stronger than the wake noise energy, the wake noise is not attenuated, and the attenuation coefficient is 0% so as to avoid damaging the effective signal;
when the ratio coefficient of the amplitude curve is 1 and is less than or equal to 2, namely the energy of the wake noise is stronger than the energy of the effective wave, but the energy intensity does not occupy the absolute advantage, the wake noise is attenuated according to the direct proportion relation;
when the amplitude curve ratio coefficient is greater than 2, the wake noise energy is far greater than the effective wave energy, namely the wake noise energy occupies a main advantage, the wake noise is completely attenuated, and the attenuation coefficient is 100%;
and 6, eliminating wake noise, eliminating by using an abnormal amplitude denoising method, and finally outputting a final result according to an attenuation coefficient relation:
the final result is original data- (original data-abnormal amplitude denoising result) attenuation coefficient.
Further, in the step 3, the sliding amount is set to be 20% -50% of the length of a time window, and the time window is a wake flow time window or an effective wave time window.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the wake flow noise that this scheme got rid of is more thorough, can protect effective signal better simultaneously, it is higher in the treatment effeciency, combine amplitude curve ratio coefficient to determine the attenuation coefficient, realize intelligent design, can ensure basically that can all reach the purpose of eliminating the wake flow noise after different survey line batch processing, can realize that the primary treatment just can reach the processing target, be different from FXCNS and FK batch processing back probably have some survey line treatment effect unsatisfied still need redesign the mode that the parameter was handled again, this scheme treatment effeciency improves greatly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of wake noise on a shot gather;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of TAUP conversion for removing wake noise;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of wake noise after transforming shot gathers to the TAUP domain;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between three amplitude curves according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the ratio coefficient and the attenuation coefficient according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a basic principle of abnormal amplitude denoising according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of removing wake noise in the TAUP domain by using the principle of abnormal amplitude denoising;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of shot gather comparison and noise removal before and after denoising according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of comparison and noise removal before and after wake noise removal in a superimposed section;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of removal effects of different processing methods during verification of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a shot set after fxcns denoising; b is noise removed by fxcns; c, carrying out FK denoising and shot gathering; d is noise removed by FK; e: denoising the shot set; f: the method of the invention removes noise.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and thus, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The embodiment discloses a method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration, which eliminates the wake noise by an intelligent abnormal amplitude denoising method on the basis of TAUP conversion, and mainly comprises the following processing steps:
step 1, transforming shot gather data into a TAUP domain based on TAUP transformation, wherein the transformation formula is
Figure BDA0002805721120000031
Wherein, τ is intercept time when x is 0, t is two-way travel, P is ray parameter, which can also be called apparent slowness, that is, reciprocal of apparent velocity, x is offset, S is amplitude value of TAUP domain, and P is amplitude value of TX domain;
step 2, in the TAUP domain, wake flow noise is distributed in a vertical bar shape, effective signals are concentrated near a zero value and distributed in an inverted funnel shape, and the distribution is shown in fig. 3; setting a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window (the time window is a short term of the time window, and is a rectangular frame, the length of the time window is longitudinal, represents time, takes ms as a unit, the width of the time window is transverse, represents distance, and takes m as a unit), the width of the wake flow time window is based on the inclusion of wake flow noise, and the length of the wake flow time window is generally based on the inclusion of several groups of wake flow noise. The effective wave time window is equivalent to the replication of the wake time window, and the difference between the effective wave time window and the wake time window is that the effective wave time window is arranged close to the right side of the wake time window.
The length of the time window is an important test parameter, generally speaking, the larger the length of the time window is, the higher the calculation efficiency is, the smoother the calculated amplitude curve is, but the precision is low, and especially the effective wave energy demarcation point cannot be accurately positioned; the smaller the time window length is, the lower the calculation efficiency is, the more the calculated amplitude curve is shaken, but the precision is high, and the effective wave energy demarcation point is more accurately positioned.
Step 3, setting a downward sliding amount of the time window, which is generally 20% -50% of the length of the time window, preferably 30% in this embodiment, and forming different time windows when the time window slides downward, such as time window 1, time window 2, time window 3 and the like shown in fig. 3, wherein different time windows are overlapped according to the difference of the sliding amount;
step 4, calculating the vibration amplitude value in the time window along the time axis until the maximum time, and respectively generating an effective wave amplitude curve and a wake noise amplitude curve;
step 5, smoothing the wake flow amplitude curve and the effective wave amplitude curve, eliminating high-frequency jitter, determining an amplitude ratio coefficient, and determining an attenuation coefficient;
(1) three different types of amplitude curve relationships are obtained according to different relationships between wake noise and effective wave energy, as shown in fig. 4.
The mode A represents that the energy of wake noise is larger than the energy of effective wave, and the wake noise is attenuated as much as possible under the condition;
mode B represents wake noise comparable to the effective wave energy,
mode C represents wake noise energy less than the effective wave energy;
the B and C modes need to try to protect the effective signal in attenuating wake noise.
(2) Amplitude curve ratio coefficient calculation, i.e.
Ratio coefficient is wake noise amplitude value/effective wave amplitude value
(3) The attenuation coefficient is determined from the ratio coefficient, as shown in fig. 5:
when the ratio coefficient is less than 1, namely the effective wave energy is stronger than the wake noise energy, the wake noise is not attenuated so as to avoid damaging the effective signal;
when the ratio coefficient 1< is less than or equal to 2, namely the energy of the wake noise is stronger than the energy of the effective wave, but the energy intensity does not occupy the absolute advantage, the wake noise is attenuated according to the percentage relation shown in fig. 5;
when the ratio coefficient is greater than 2, the wake noise energy is far greater than the effective wave energy, i.e. the wake noise energy is dominant, the wake noise should be completely attenuated.
And 6, eliminating wake noise, and finally outputting a final result according to the attenuation coefficient relation:
I. the method for denoising by abnormal amplitude is used for eliminating wake noise:
in specific implementation, a traditional denoising method or an abnormal amplitude denoising method can be adopted, which is a relatively mature means and is introduced in the prior art. The traditional denoising method adopts a direct cutting method, so that the effective signal is inevitably damaged. The embodiment preferably adopts an abnormal amplitude denoising method to eliminate wake noise, which is more favorable for protecting effective signals. The principle of abnormal amplitude denoising can be represented by fig. 6:
(1) firstly, the average energy of each data is calculated:
Figure BDA0002805721120000041
wherein E iskIs the energy (amplitude) of the k-th trace; a. theikIs the amplitude of the kth sample point; n iskIs the number of sampling points of the k-th channel. For FIG. 6, there are 9 total energies, respectively E1-E9The energy is different.
(2) The amplitudes are then sorted from small to large to find the median amplitude M, from which the threshold value, i.e. the median amplitude M, can be calculated
T=M×factor
Wherein T is a threshold amplitude; the factor is a threshold coefficient corresponding to the time window. The abnormal amplitude denoising algorithm is used for detecting a middle channel of a small data body, and whether the amplitude is abnormal or not can be detected by comparing the current amplitude value E of the middle channel with a threshold value T, namely the abnormal amplitude denoising algorithm is used for detecting whether the amplitude is abnormal or not, namely
E≥T
If the current trace amplitude is abnormal, the abnormal amplitude can be directly removed by attenuation or replaced by peripheral data trace interpolation.
For the 9 th energy in FIG. 6, the 5 th energy is the current value, E3The rank is at the middle value in all energies, so this value is the median amplitude. In fig. 6, the threshold coefficient is 3, and thus the threshold amplitude is 3 times the median amplitude.
It is apparent that the current detection value E can be seen5The threshold amplitude is exceeded and therefore may be attenuated during processing by multiplying by a factor (e.g. to a median amplitude, as in the grey cylinder of fig. 6) or by means of interpolation of the surrounding traces.
II. Because the effective signals are sometimes removed during the abnormal amplitude denoising, in order to further protect the effective signals, the removed noise is further constrained according to the relation of FIG. 5, and the final result, namely the attenuation coefficient relation, is output
The final result is original data- (original data-abnormal amplitude denoising result) attenuation coefficient.
In this embodiment, the removal of the wake noise is emphasized, considering that the wake noise is only one of the common linear noises in marine seismic exploration, and a part of side reflection, ship-passing interference, and the like can also form linear noises in a seismic profile, and all the linear noises similar to the wake noise are also applicable to the method of the present invention and obtain a better processing effect, which is not described herein again.
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the present method, the following is validated with specific examples:
by using the method of the invention to remove the wake noise in the TAUP domain (figure 7), it can be seen that the wake noise removed by the method of the invention can be well eliminated basically, from the single shot contrast effect (figure 8), the oblique wake noise can be well suppressed, meanwhile, the effective signal can be well protected, the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved after the wake noise on the superimposed section (figure 9) is removed, and the linear interference formed by the wake noise can be eliminated. Compared with the FXCNS method and the FK method (figure 10), the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the wake noise is eliminated more thoroughly, meanwhile, effective signals are better protected, meanwhile, the method disclosed by the invention can realize batch processing of a large number of measuring lines, a good processing effect can be obtained by adopting default parameters, and the processing efficiency is far higher than that of the traditional method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method of removing wake noise from marine seismic surveys, comprising the steps of:
step 1, transforming shot gather data to a TAUP domain based on TAUP transformation;
step 2, setting a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window, wherein the width of the wake flow time window comprises wake flow noises, the length of the wake flow time window comprises a plurality of groups of wake flow noises, the effective wave time window is a copy of the wake flow time window, and the effective wave time window is arranged to be attached to the right side of the wake flow time window;
step 3, setting the downward sliding quantity of the wake flow time window and the effective wave time window, wherein different time windows are overlapped according to different sliding quantities when the wake flow time window and the effective wave time window slide downwards;
step 4, in the TAUP domain, amplitude values in a wake flow time window and an effective wave time window are calculated along a time axis, and an effective wave amplitude curve and a wake flow noise amplitude curve are respectively generated;
step 5, smoothing the wake flow amplitude curve and the effective wave amplitude curve to eliminate high-frequency jitter, and determining an amplitude curve ratio coefficient:
the amplitude curve ratio coefficient is equal to the wake noise amplitude value/effective wave amplitude value;
determining an attenuation coefficient according to the amplitude curve ratio coefficient:
when the amplitude curve ratio coefficient is less than or equal to 1, the wake noise is not attenuated, and the attenuation coefficient is 0%;
when the ratio coefficient of the amplitude curve is 1 and is less than or equal to 2, attenuating the wake noise according to the proportional relation;
when the amplitude curve ratio coefficient is greater than 2, the wake noise is completely attenuated, and the attenuation coefficient is 100%;
and 6, eliminating wake noise, and finally outputting a final result according to the attenuation coefficient relation:
the final result is original data- (original data-abnormal amplitude denoising result) attenuation coefficient.
2. The method of removing wake noise in marine seismic surveys as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the sliding amount is set to be 20% -50% of the length of a time window, and the time window is a wake flow time window or an effective wave time window.
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