CN110568500A - Method and device for removing multiples in seismic data - Google Patents
Method and device for removing multiples in seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- CN110568500A CN110568500A CN201910774956.XA CN201910774956A CN110568500A CN 110568500 A CN110568500 A CN 110568500A CN 201910774956 A CN201910774956 A CN 201910774956A CN 110568500 A CN110568500 A CN 110568500A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
- G01V1/366—Seismic filtering by correlation of seismic signals
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Abstract
the invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing multiple waves in seismic data, the method preprocesses seismic data to obtain CDP gather data, carries out dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data and uses the CDP gather data as original gather data, carries out near in-channel cutting and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after radon transform, and extracts effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data; subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data; adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, and performing reactive correction on the effective gather data and outputting the effective gather data; the method realizes multi-level and multi-directional removal of multiples, has a good removal effect, is beneficial to reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and improving the imaging quality, and provides good precondition for subsequent seismic data processing and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for removing multiples in seismic data.
Background
In the seismic data processing, various interference waves can be generated due to the influence of the underground geological structure, wherein the multiple is one of the interference waves, and the imaging effect of the seismic data is seriously influenced by the existence of the multiple. The removal of the multiples is always a difficult problem in the seismic data processing process, and in the prior art, the multiples are removed only by adopting a radon transform processing mode, but the effect is poor, so that the seismic data has low signal-to-noise ratio and poor imaging effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for removing multiples in seismic data, which is used for solving the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio and poor imaging effect of the seismic data caused by poor effect of removing the multiples in the seismic data in the prior art; the invention provides a device for removing multiples in seismic data, which is used for solving the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio and poor imaging effect of the seismic data caused by poor effect of removing the multiples in the seismic data in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for removing multiples from seismic data, comprising the following steps:
1) preprocessing seismic data to obtain CDP (continuous data channel) gather data, and sequentially performing dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data;
2) Taking CDP gather data after radon transformation as original gather data, sequentially carrying out near in-channel excision and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after radon transformation, and extracting effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data;
3) subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data;
4) And adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, carrying out inverse correction on the effective gather data and outputting corresponding gather data.
The method has the advantages that through radon transform processing, near-in-path excision processing, AVO reconstruction and noise suppression, multi-level and multi-azimuth multiple wave removal is achieved, a good removal effect is achieved, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is reduced, imaging quality is improved, and good precondition is provided for subsequent seismic data processing and application.
further, in order to accurately perform noise suppression, the process of noise suppression: and performing large-scale noise suppression by using a high-energy noise suppression module, and determining the set scale according to the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data.
Further, in order to accurately perform AVO reconstruction, the process of AVO reconstruction is as follows: effective signal extraction is performed based on an incident angle ray tracing method.
The invention provides a device for removing multiples in seismic data, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to realize the following steps:
1) Preprocessing seismic data to obtain CDP (continuous data channel) gather data, and sequentially performing dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data;
2) Taking CDP gather data after radon transformation as original gather data, sequentially carrying out near in-channel excision and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after radon transformation, and extracting effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data;
3) Subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data;
4) And adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, carrying out inverse correction on the effective gather data and outputting corresponding gather data.
The device has the advantages that seismic data are processed through the device, and multi-level and multi-azimuth multiple wave removal is realized through radon transform processing, near channel interior cutting processing, AVO reconstruction and noise suppression, so that the device has a good removal effect, is effective and obvious in effect, is beneficial to reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and improving the imaging quality, and provides good precondition for subsequent seismic data processing and application.
further, in order to accurately perform noise suppression, the process of noise suppression in the apparatus: and performing large-scale noise suppression by using a high-energy noise suppression module, and determining the set scale according to the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data.
further, in order to accurately perform AVO reconstruction, the AVO reconstruction process in the apparatus is as follows: effective signal extraction is performed based on an incident angle ray tracing method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method of removing multiples from seismic data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the result of applying the method of removing multiples from seismic data of the present invention to the original gather data of a seismic data;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the result of AVO extraction of effective signals from seismic data according to the method for removing multiples from seismic data of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the result of applying the method of removing multiples from seismic data of the present invention to a noise gather of seismic data;
FIG. 5 is a final result diagram of the application of a method of removing multiples from seismic data according to the present invention to a seismic data set;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of the CDP gather data after the dynamic calibration and dynamic calibration stretch-ablation process of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the results of the present invention for removing multiples from certain seismic data using only the Radon transform.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
the method comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a method for removing multiples in seismic data, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
1) preprocessing the seismic data to obtain CDP (continuous data channel) gather data, and sequentially carrying out dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data.
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. preprocessing field original seismic data to form CDP (common depth point) gather data (or CMP gather data); the preprocessing, which may also be referred to as indoor preprocessing, is mainly aimed at associating the formatted seismic data with an observation system, including trace culling.
2. Performing dynamic correction processing on the CDP gather data; the dynamic correction is to eliminate the influence of offset on the propagation time.
3. Performing dynamic correction stretching excision processing on the CDP gather data after dynamic correction; because the dynamic correction stretching distortion of the gather data can appear after the dynamic correction, the superposition effect can be destroyed in serious cases, the due wave dynamics characteristics of the seismic signals are lost, the resolution ratio is reduced, the precision and the effect are influenced, and most of distortion can be eliminated through a cutting method at the moment.
4. The CDP gather data from the kinematically corrected stretch-ablation process is subjected to a Radon transform process.
Firstly, performing radon forward transformation on the CMP gather subjected to primary wave velocity dynamic correction, then performing multiple velocity excision processing according to a multiple velocity field picked out by a velocity spectrum, and finally performing inverse radon transformation, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing multiple interference.
2) and sequentially carrying out near in-channel excision and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data subjected to radon transformation, and extracting effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data.
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. and (4) performing track head storage processing on the CDP track set data after radon transformation, and marking the CDP track set data as an original track head ORI (original track header), namely original track set data.
2. And performing near-channel intra-division processing on the CDP gather after radon transform processing. In places where multiples are severe, an intrameatal ablation is performed.
3. and carrying out AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after the near channel is cut off to extract an effective signal. And extracting and reconstructing effective signals based on an incident angle ray tracing method.
4. and performing track head storage on the track set data of the AVO reconstruction and effective signal extraction, marking the track set data as track head AVO, and obtaining effective signal track set data.
3) and subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data.
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. First path head operation:
Subtracting the track head AVO from the original track head ORI obtained in step 2) to generate a NOISE track, which is marked as a track head NOISE, i.e. ORI-AVO ═ NOISE, i.e. NOISE gather data.
2. And carrying out noise suppression with set scale on the generated noise channel to remove large noise. And (4) performing large-scale noise suppression by using a high-energy noise suppression module, and determining the size of a set scale according to the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data.
3. and performing header storage on the noise channels subjected to noise suppression, and marking the noise channels as header AMP (amplitude modulation), namely noise suppression channel set data.
4) And adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, carrying out inverse correction on the effective gather data and outputting corresponding gather data.
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the second head operation:
Adding the RAIL HEAD AVO obtained in the step 2) with the RAIL HEAD AMP obtained in the step 3) to generate a final effective track, and marking the RAIL HEAD as LIFT, namely: AVO + AMP ═ LIFT, i.e., valid gather data.
2. and performing inverse motion correction on the trace head LIFT to obtain trace set data from which multiple wave waves are removed, and providing a basis for subsequent seismic data processing and use.
CDP gather data after radon transform is original gather data, as shown in fig. 2; AVO reconstruction extracts the valid signal as valid signal gather data, as shown in FIG. 3; subtracting the RAIL HEAD AVO from the original RAIL HEAD ORI to obtain the noise gather data, as shown in FIG. 4; the trace-head LIFT inverse-corrected gather data is shown in fig. 5, where the ordinate in fig. 2-7 is time and the abscissa represents trace.
It can be seen that the effective signal is very weak between 1 second and 1.5 seconds, as shown in fig. 2; after the processing by the method of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the effective signal between 1 second and 1.5 seconds is obviously enhanced, and the effect is obvious.
The results of the dynamic calibration of the CDP gather data of the present invention and the dynamic calibration of the CDP gather data after the stretch-ablation process are shown in fig. 6. The radon transform is one of the conventional methods for removing multiples, and fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the effect of removing multiples by performing radon transform on data processed by the present invention. It can be seen that there is no significant change in multiples in FIG. 7 compared to FIG. 2; compared with fig. 2, the effective signal in fig. 5 between 1 second and 1.5 seconds is obviously enhanced and the effect is obvious after the processing by the method of the present invention.
The embodiment of the device is as follows:
The invention provides a device for removing multiples in seismic data, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored in the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the process of the method embodiment is realized when the processor executes the program, and the process is not repeated herein.
Claims (6)
1. a method for removing multiples in seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preprocessing seismic data to obtain CDP (continuous data channel) gather data, and sequentially performing dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data;
2) taking CDP gather data after radon transformation as original gather data, sequentially carrying out near in-channel excision and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after radon transformation, and extracting effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data;
3) Subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data;
4) and adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, carrying out inverse correction on the effective gather data and outputting corresponding gather data.
2. The method of removing multiples from seismic data of claim 1, wherein the noise suppression comprises: and performing large-scale noise suppression by using a high-energy noise suppression module, and determining the set scale according to the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data.
3. the method of removing multiples from seismic data of claim 1, wherein the AVO reconstruction process comprises: effective signal extraction is performed based on an incident angle ray tracing method.
4. an apparatus for removing multiples from seismic data, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program performs the steps of:
1) Preprocessing seismic data to obtain CDP (continuous data channel) gather data, and sequentially performing dynamic correction, dynamic correction stretch cutting and radon transform processing on the CDP gather data;
2) Taking CDP gather data after radon transformation as original gather data, sequentially carrying out near in-channel excision and AVO reconstruction on the CDP gather data after radon transformation, and extracting effective signals to obtain effective signal gather data;
3) Subtracting the effective signal gather data from the original gather data to obtain noise gather data, and performing noise suppression with a set scale on the noise gather data to obtain noise suppressed gather data;
4) And adding the effective signal gather data and the noise suppression gather data to obtain effective gather data, carrying out inverse correction on the effective gather data and outputting corresponding gather data.
5. The apparatus for removing multiples from seismic data of claim 4, wherein the noise suppression process comprises: and performing large-scale noise suppression by using a high-energy noise suppression module, and determining the set scale according to the signal-to-noise ratio of actual data.
6. the apparatus of claim 4, wherein the AVO reconstruction process comprises: effective signal extraction is performed based on an incident angle ray tracing method.
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| CN112578442A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-30 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Method for removing wake noise of marine seismic exploration |
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| CN112327360A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-05 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Method, device, computer storage medium and terminal for realizing noise processing |
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