CN112578278B - Calibration method of residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration device and a system algorithm of a residual current protector action characteristic tester, which are characterized in that a precise noninductive adjustable resistor is used for sampling signals, an A/D converter is used for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads data and performs analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in a detected loop, and a timer in a detection calibration device is used for generating standard breaking time. After the detection calibration device is started, a basic small current in a circuit is taken as a reference zero point, a 100kHz sampling signal is taken, when the change of the basic zero point is detected, a timer is started by taking a change point as a starting point, a true effective value is calculated, if the threshold condition is not met, the timer is reset, the sampling is continued until the threshold condition is met, the standard breaking time is set, the detected circuit is broken, the true effective value of the signal in the integral multiple time of the signal period closest to the breaking time is calculated as the actual value of the detected residual current, the breaking circuit adopts a high-speed mechanical relay, no influence is caused to the circuit power factor, and the uncertainty of the action time is less than 0.1ms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection and calibration of residual current protector (commonly called leakage protector) action characteristic testers, in particular to a calibration method of a residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device, wherein a system algorithm comprises a residual current identification algorithm, a measurement algorithm and a breaking time timing algorithm.
Background
The residual current protector is used in the power supply circuit, so that electric shock casualties can be effectively prevented, and life injury and fire accidents caused by electric leakage are avoided. In order to ensure the normal function of the residual current protector, the residual action current, the residual non-action current, the breaking time and other action characteristic parameters of the residual current protector need to be detected. The detecting instrument is a residual current protector action characteristic tester, which is a necessary detecting instrument for engineering quality monitoring stations, building installation companies and quality inspection departments. The residual current protector action characteristic tester generates a residual action current of a determined magnitude, records the time from the application of the residual action current to the disconnection of the residual current protector, and can apply a residual non-action current to detect the non-action performance of the residual current protector.
In order to ensure the accuracy of detecting the performance of the residual current protector, the residual current protector action characteristic tester needs to be calibrated. The tester for calibrating the action characteristics of the residual current protector mainly measures the generated residual action current, residual non-action current and accuracy of breaking time measurement.
The residual current waveform generated by the residual current protector action characteristic tester is complex and various, and has initial phase determination or random sinusoidal alternating current, sinusoidal alternating current with leading pulse, pulse string with gradually increasing current, pulsating direct current with adjustable current lag angle, pulsating direct current with overlapped smooth direct current and the like. The residual current generated by the residual current protector action characteristic tester has the characteristics of short signal duration besides complex signal waveform, the signal duration is less than 40ms, and the effective value of the irregular waveform current is usually required to be accurately measured within the signal duration of 20 ms-200 m. The general current measurement method is that a resistor is used for sampling a current signal, then alternating-direct current conversion is carried out, an analog signal is converted into a digital signal by using an A/D converter, the conventional average value or peak response alternating-direct current conversion is only effective for undistorted sine or cosine signals, and when the waveform of a measurement signal is a non-sine wave, normal measurement cannot be carried out; meanwhile, the conventional voltage measuring speed is 2 to 3 times per second, and the measuring speed can not meet the measuring requirement of the output signal of the residual current protector action characteristic tester; for the non-sinusoidal ac-dc conversion method, an AD536 real effective value response ac-dc conversion device is generally adopted, and the chip can be suitable for most of the non-sinusoidal signals, but the ADC needs to have a long setup time, the measured signal must be continuously and stably output for a long time, the duration is at least more than hundreds of milliseconds, and the conversion chip cannot meet the calibration requirement, i.e. the conventional current detection method cannot realize the measurement of the signal.
Meanwhile, since an accurate timing breaking function is required while measuring the current, namely, once the effective signal is output, the timing must be started from the starting point of the effective current output, and the circuit is disconnected when the set timing time is reached, the conventional measuring equipment does not have the function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a calibration method of a residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device, which comprises the steps of residual current signal identification and measurement algorithm, timing signal generation algorithm and breaking circuit structure, so as to accurately measure various complex waveforms generated by the residual current protector action characteristic tester and residual current true effective values with short duration, generate a standard time interval timing signal and breaking circuit, and the breaking circuit has no influence on the power factor of the whole circuit. The method provides a technical means for calibrating the residual current protector action characteristic tester.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
The utility model provides a residual current protector action characteristic tester calibrating device which characterized in that: the device comprises a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power supply circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, is connected in series in a detected loop and is used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then is output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation and analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, the timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and receives setting parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detecting control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit, the display circuit is used for displaying information such as working state, measuring results and the like, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operation of the detected loop, and the power supply circuit provides power for all circuit modules of the system.
The breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage relay and a photoelectric coupler, wherein the positive electrode of a light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a control signal, one end of a light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with one end of a high-voltage relay control part, the other end of the light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a digital ground port, the other end of the high-voltage relay control part is connected with the power supply port through a resistor, and two ends of a switch part of the high-voltage relay are connected in series in a detection loop.
The system algorithm of the residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device comprises the following steps:
A. After the device is electrified and starts to work, a set value is input through a computer or a key circuit, wherein the set value comprises a residual current threshold value for the breaking operation of a measuring circuit and expected breaking time, and the residual current threshold value for the breaking operation of the measuring circuit is 80% -90% of a nominal value of the measured residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by the action characteristic tester of the residual current protector to be tested;
B. After the setting is finished, the breaking circuit closes the detected loop, and the device starts to sample and measure the signal on the sampling resistor; the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor in the detected loop at the sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value is known, and the voltage value is obtained by sampling, so that the residual current value in the detected loop can be calculated according to the formula I=U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, and in an actual state, tiny current exists, and the tiny current is regarded as relative zero to be used for signal preprocessing measurement;
C. In the continuous sampling process, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking a critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing to sample for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value as u 1、u2、u3、……un;
D. calculating a true effective value V rms in the first 10ms through the formula (1);
The formula (1) is: （1）；
F. The microcontroller compares the acquired and calculated true effective value with a residual current threshold value of the set measurement circuit for breaking operation; if the true effective value V rms is smaller than the nominal value, discarding the acquired data, resetting a timer by the microcontroller, continuously sampling signals in the tested loop, and calculating the true effective value of the current in the period by taking 10ms as the period;
G. When the true effective value V rms is not smaller than the nominal value, continuing to sample until the set expected breaking time is reached; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to a breaking circuit, and the breaking circuit breaks a detected loop;
The microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points in the set breaking time which are closest to the integral multiple of the signal period, calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1), and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal in the set breaking time according to the formula (1); and the true effective value obtained by the calculation is transmitted to a display circuit for display.
The invention adopts a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor as a sampling resistor, samples current signals in a detected loop in real time, converts the amplified signals into digital signals through a high-speed A/D converter, analyzes and processes the signals by a microcontroller to obtain true effective values of the current signals in the detected loop, judges the signal effectiveness by adopting an algorithm of the invention, and generates a standard timing signal breaking circuit.
The method comprises the steps of taking 80% -90% of a nominal value of a signal to be detected as a current threshold value in working, setting breaking time, sampling and analyzing the signal by a microcontroller, taking a signal collected in a calm state as a basic reference, namely a relative zero point, once the signal has obvious change relative to the basic reference, starting a timer for timing by taking a critical point of the signal change as a starting point, calculating a true effective value after sampling for 10ms, comparing the true effective value with the set current threshold value, resetting the timer, continuously collecting and analyzing the signal if a threshold value condition is not met, continuing to time to a breaking circuit when a set time interval is met, simultaneously calculating a true effective value of the signal in the sampling time, and taking the integral multiple time of the signal period closest to the breaking time as the sampling time of the true effective value of the signal if the breaking time is not integral multiple of the period of the measured signal.
The breaking circuit adopts a high-speed mechanical relay, the uncertainty of the action time is less than 0.1ms, no influence is caused on the power factor of the circuit, the action time of the traditional relay can not meet the requirement in a few milliseconds, the switching tube can meet the requirement in the circuit breaking time, but the circuit is in non-pure resistance after being connected, the power factor of the circuit is influenced, the accuracy of the signal effective value measurement result is reduced, and the requirement can not be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a broken circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the invention comprises a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power supply circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, is connected in series in a detected loop and is used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then is output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation and analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, the timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and receives setting parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detecting control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit, the display circuit is used for displaying information such as working state, measuring results and the like, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operation of the detected loop, and the power supply circuit provides power for all circuit modules of the system.
As shown in fig. 2, the breaking circuit includes a high-voltage Relay, a photo coupler U9, where the positive electrode of a light emitting diode of the photo coupler U9 is connected to a power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photo coupler U9 is connected to a control signal, one end of an output loop of the photo coupler U9 is connected to a 5 th pin of the high-voltage Relay control part, the other end is connected to a DGND port of the circuit, a 4 th pin of the high-voltage Relay control part is connected to the power supply port VDD through a resistor R30, and a 1 st pin and a 3 rd pin of a switch part of the high-voltage Relay are connected in series in the detected loop.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage Relay and a photoelectric coupler U9, and through repeated experiments, SIL high-voltage relays of MEDER company are selected as the high-voltage Relay based on the harsh requirements of the device on the on-off elements of the circuit, the peak voltage of the high-voltage Relay is 1000V, the peak current of the high-voltage Relay is 2.5A, and the on-off time is less than or equal to 0.1ms. Because the contact adopts a pure mechanical contact, no additional distortion is generated to the circuit, and the detection requirement of the device is completely met.
When calibration is normally carried out, the device is electrified, a computer is connected with a microcontroller through an interface circuit to set a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time, a sampling resistor acquires current signals in a detected loop in real time, the acquired signals are subjected to signal amplification processing through a signal amplification circuit, and after analog-to-digital conversion by an A/D conversion circuit, the signals are read by the microcontroller, and the microcontroller calculates and analyzes the acquired signals, wherein the method comprises the following detailed steps of:
A: closing a power switch, electrifying the device, inputting a set value to the microcontroller through a key circuit or a computer connected with an interface circuit, wherein the set value comprises a residual current threshold value for breaking operation of a measuring circuit and expected breaking time, and the residual current threshold value is 80% -90% of a nominal value of the measured residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by the action characteristic tester of the residual current protector to be tested;
B: after the setting is finished, pressing a measurement control key, sending a closing signal by the microcontroller, closing a detected loop by a breaking circuit, and starting to sample and measure the signal on the sampling resistor by the device;
C: the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor in the detected loop at the sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value is known, the voltage value is obtained by sampling, and the residual current value in the detected loop can be calculated according to the formula I=U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, and in an actual state, a basic small current exists, and the basic small current is regarded as a relative zero point to be used for signal preprocessing measurement;
D: in the continuous sampling process in the step C, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking the critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing to sample for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value as u 1、u2、u3、……un;
E: calculating a true effective value V rms in the first 10ms through the formula (1);
The formula (1) is: （1）；
F: the microcontroller compares the true effective value in the step E with the residual current threshold value set in the step A; if the true effective value V rms is smaller than the set threshold value, resetting the timer;
G: repeating the steps C-F; until the true effective value V rms is detected to be not smaller than the set residual current threshold value;
H: continuing sampling until the expected breaking time set in the step A; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit breaks the detected loop, and the expected breaking time is standard breaking time;
i: the microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points in the time which is closest to the integer multiple of the signal period in the set breaking time, and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1);
J: the true effective value obtained in the step I is the actual value of the calibrated residual current, and the microcontroller sends the value to a display circuit for display;
K: the difference between the calibrated residual current nominal value and the residual current actual value measured in I is the residual current error of the calibrated residual current protector action characteristic tester;
l: the difference between the breaking time indicated by the detected residual current protector action characteristic tester and the standard breaking time is the measuring error of the breaking time of the detected residual current protector action characteristic tester.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A calibration method of a calibration device of a residual current protector action characteristic tester is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device comprises a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power supply circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor and is connected in series in a detected loop and used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then is output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation and analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, the timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and used for receiving setting parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detecting control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit which is used for displaying working states and measuring results, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operation of the detected loop, and the power supply circuit provides power for all circuit modules of the system;
The breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage relay and a photoelectric coupler, wherein the positive electrode of a light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a control signal, one end of a light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with one end of a high-voltage relay control part, the other end of the light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a digital ground port, the other end of the high-voltage relay control part is connected with the power supply port through a resistor, and the two ends of a switch part of the high-voltage relay are connected in series in a detection loop;
The calibration method comprises the following steps:
A. After the device is electrified and starts to work, a set value is input through a computer or a key circuit, wherein the set value comprises a residual current threshold value for the breaking operation of a measuring circuit and expected breaking time, and the residual current threshold value for the breaking operation of the measuring circuit is 80% -90% of a nominal value of the measured residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by the action characteristic tester of the residual current protector to be tested;
B. After the setting is finished, the breaking circuit closes the detected loop, and the device starts to sample and measure the signal on the sampling resistor; the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor in the detected loop at the sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard noninductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value is known, and the voltage value is obtained by sampling, so that the residual current value in the detected loop can be calculated according to the formula I=U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, and in an actual state, tiny current exists, and the tiny current is regarded as relative zero to be used for signal preprocessing measurement;
C. In the continuous sampling process, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking a critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing to sample for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value as u 1、u2、u3、 … … un;
D. calculating a true effective value V rms in the first 10ms through the formula (1);
The formula (1) is: （1）；
F. The microcontroller compares the acquired and calculated true effective value with a residual current threshold value of the set measurement circuit for breaking operation; if the true effective value V rms is smaller than the nominal value, discarding the acquired data, resetting a timer by the microcontroller, continuously sampling signals in the tested loop, and calculating the true effective value of the current in the period by taking 10ms as the period;
G. When the true effective value V rms is not smaller than the nominal value, continuing to sample until the set expected breaking time is reached; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to a breaking circuit, and the breaking circuit breaks a detected loop;
The microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points in the set breaking time which are closest to the integral multiple of the signal period, calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1), and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal in the set breaking time according to the formula (1); the true effective value obtained by the calculation is transmitted to a display circuit for display;
H: continuing sampling until the expected breaking time set in the step A; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit breaks the detected loop, and the expected breaking time is standard breaking time;
i: the microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points in the time which is closest to the integer multiple of the signal period in the set breaking time, and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1);
j: the true effective value obtained in the step I is the actual value of the calibrated residual current, and the microcontroller transmits the value to a display circuit for display;
K: the difference between the calibrated residual current nominal value and the residual current actual value measured in I is the residual current error of the calibrated residual current protector action characteristic tester;
l: the difference between the breaking time indicated by the detected residual current protector action characteristic tester and the standard breaking time is the measuring error of the breaking time of the detected residual current protector action characteristic tester.
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