CN112578278A - Residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device and system algorithm - Google Patents
Residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device and system algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration device and a system algorithm for an operating characteristic tester of a residual current protector, which are characterized in that a precise non-inductive adjustable resistor is used for sampling a signal, an A/D converter is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller is used for reading data and carrying out analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in a detected loop, and a timer in the detection and calibration device is used for generating standard breaking time. After the detection and calibration device is started, the basic small current in the circuit is used as a reference zero point, a 100kHz sampling signal is used, when the change of the basic zero point is detected, a timer is started by using a change point as a starting point, a true effective value is calculated, if the change does not accord with a threshold condition, the timer is reset, the sampling is continued until the set standard breaking time when the change accords with the threshold condition, the detected circuit is broken, the true effective value of the signal in the integral multiple time of the signal period closest to the breaking time is calculated to be the actual value of the detected residual current, the breaking circuit adopts a high-speed mechanical relay, the power factor of the circuit is not affected, and the uncertainty of the action time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection and calibration of residual current protector (commonly called leakage protector) operating characteristic testers, in particular to a calibration device and a system algorithm of the residual current protector operating characteristic tester, wherein the system algorithm comprises residual current identification, measurement algorithm and breaking time timing algorithm.
Background
The residual current protector is used in the power supply circuit, so that electric shock casualty accidents can be effectively prevented, and life injuries and fire accidents caused by electric leakage are avoided. In order to ensure the normal function of the residual current protector, the residual action current, the residual non-action current, the breaking time and other action characteristic parameters of the residual current protector need to be detected. The instrument used for detection is a residual current protector action characteristic tester, and the instrument is a necessary detection instrument for engineering quality supervision stations, building installation companies and quality inspection departments. The residual current protector action characteristic tester generates a residual action current with a determined value, records the time from applying the residual action current to the circuit breaking of the residual current protector, and can apply the residual non-action current to detect the non-action performance of the residual current protector.
In order to ensure the accuracy of detecting the performance of the residual current protector, the residual current protector action characteristic tester needs to be calibrated. The tester for calibrating the action characteristics of the residual current protector mainly measures the accuracy of the residual action current, the residual non-action current and the breaking time generated by the tester.
The residual current waveform generated by the residual current protector action characteristic tester is complex and various, and comprises sine alternating current with determined initial phase or random initial phase, sine alternating current with leading pulse, pulse train with gradually changed and increased current, pulsating direct current with adjustable current lag angle, pulsating direct current with superposed smooth direct current and the like. The residual current generated by the residual current protector action characteristic tester has the characteristics of complex signal waveform and short signal duration, the signal duration of the residual current is less than 40ms, and the effective value of the irregular waveform current is required to be accurately measured within the signal duration of 20 ms-200 m. The general current measuring method is to sample a current signal by using a resistor, then carry out alternating current-direct current conversion, then use an A/D converter to convert an analog signal into a digital signal, the conventional average value or peak value response alternating current-direct current conversion is only effective for a sine or cosine signal without distortion, and when the waveform of a measuring signal is non-sine wave, normal measurement cannot be carried out; meanwhile, the conventional voltage measurement speed is 2 to 3 times per second, and the measurement speed can not meet the measurement requirement of the output signal of the residual current protector motion characteristic tester; for the nonsinusoidal AC-DC conversion method, an AD536 true effective value response AC-DC conversion device is generally adopted, the chip can be suitable for most nonsinusoidal signals, but the ADC needs longer establishment time, a measured signal needs to be continuously and stably output for a longer time, the duration time at least needs to be more than hundreds of milliseconds, and the conversion chip can not meet the calibration requirement, namely the conventional current detection method cannot realize the measurement of the signal.
Meanwhile, the conventional measuring device does not have an accurate timing breaking function while measuring the current, namely once an effective signal is output, the circuit must be started from an effective current output starting point, and the circuit is disconnected when a set timing time is reached.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a calibration device and a system algorithm for an operating characteristic tester of a residual current protector, which are characterized by comprising a residual current signal identification and measurement algorithm, a timing signal generation algorithm and a breaking circuit structure, so that various complex waveforms generated by the operating characteristic tester of the residual current protector and residual current true effective values with short duration can be accurately measured, standard time interval timing signals are generated, a circuit is broken, and the broken circuit has no influence on the power factor of the whole circuit. The method provides a technical means for calibrating the residual current protector operating characteristic tester.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a residual current protector operating characteristic tester calibrating device which characterized in that: the device comprises a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, is connected in series in a detected loop and is used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, a timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and receives set parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time which are sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detection control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit, the display circuit is used for displaying information such as working state and measuring result, and the like, and the microcontroller is connected with the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operations of the detected loop, and the power circuit provides power for each circuit module of the system.
The breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage relay and a photoelectric coupler, wherein the positive electrode of a light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a control signal, one end of a light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with one end of a control part of the high-voltage relay, the other end of the light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is digitally connected with a port, the other end of the control part of the high-voltage relay is connected with the power supply port through a resistor, and two ends of a switch part of the high-voltage relay.
The system algorithm of the calibration device for the residual current protector operating characteristic tester comprises the following steps:
A. after the device is electrified and starts to work, a set value is input through a computer or a key circuit, the set value comprises a residual current threshold value of a measuring circuit for carrying out breaking operation and expected breaking time, and the residual current threshold value of the measuring circuit for carrying out breaking operation is 80% -90% of a measured nominal value of residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by a residual current protector operating characteristic tester to be tested;
B. after the setting is finished, the breaking circuit closes the detected loop, and the device starts to sample and measure the signal on the sampling resistor; the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of a sampling resistor in the detected loop at a sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precision adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value of the sampling resistor is known, and the voltage value is obtained by sampling, so that the residual current value in the detected loop can be obtained by calculation according to a formula I = U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, in an actual state, a tiny current exists, and the tiny current is considered as a relative zero point to be used as signal preprocessing measurement;
C. in the continuous sampling process, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking the critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing sampling for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value asu 1 、u 2 、u 3 、…… u n ；
D. Calculating the true effective value in the first 10ms by formula (1)V rms ；
The formula (1) is:
（1）；
F. the microcontroller compares the collected and calculated true effective value with a set residual current threshold value of the measurement circuit for carrying out breaking operation; if true valid valueV rms If the current value is less than the nominal value, giving up the acquired data, resetting the timer by the microcontroller, continuously sampling the signal in the tested loop, and calculating the true effective value of the current in the period by taking 10ms as the period;
G. when the true effective value is collectedV rms When the value is not less than the nominal value, the sampling is continued until the sampling is finishedThe set expected breaking time; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to the breaking circuit, and the breaking circuit breaks the detected loop;
the microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points closest to the integral multiple time of the signal period in the set breaking time, calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1), and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal in the set breaking time according to the formula (1); and transmitting the true effective value obtained by the calculation to a display circuit for displaying.
The invention adopts a standard non-inductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor as a sampling resistor, samples a current signal in a detected loop in real time, converts the amplified signal into a digital signal through a high-speed A/D converter, analyzes and processes the signal by a microcontroller to obtain a true effective value of the current signal in the detected loop, judges the effectiveness of the signal by adopting the algorithm of the invention and generates a standard timing signal breaking circuit.
When the sampling circuit works, 80% -90% of a nominal value of a signal to be detected is used as a current threshold, breaking time is set, a microcontroller samples and analyzes the signal, the signal is collected in a static state and serves as a basic reference, namely a relative zero point, once the signal is obviously changed relative to the basic reference, a timer is started to time by taking a critical point of signal change as an initial point, a true effective value is calculated after 10ms of sampling and compared with the set current threshold, if the threshold condition is not met, the timer is reset, the signal is continuously collected and analyzed, if the threshold condition is met, a breaking circuit is continuously timed to a set time interval, the true effective value of the signal in sampling time is calculated, and if the breaking time is not integral multiple of the period of the signal to be detected, integral multiple time of the signal period closest to the breaking time is used as sampling time of the true effective value of.
The breaking circuit adopts a high-speed mechanical relay, the uncertainty of the action time is less than 0.1ms, no influence is caused on the circuit power factor, the action time of the traditional relay can not meet the requirement within a few milliseconds, although the circuit breaking time of the switching tube can meet the requirement, the circuit is in a non-pure resistance state after being connected, the circuit power factor is influenced, the accuracy of the measurement result of the effective value of the signal is reduced, and the requirement can not be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the circuit of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a breaking circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, is connected in series in a detected loop and is used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, a timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and receives set parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time which are sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detection control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit, the display circuit is used for displaying information such as working state and measuring result, and the like, and the microcontroller is connected with the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operations of the detected loop, and the power circuit provides power for each circuit module of the system.
As shown in fig. 2, the breaking circuit includes a high-voltage Relay and a photocoupler U9, the positive electrode of the light emitting diode of the photocoupler U9 is connected to the power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photocoupler U9 is connected to the control signal, one end of the output loop of the photocoupler U9 is connected to the 5 th pin of the high-voltage Relay control part, the other end of the output loop is connected to the DGND port of the circuit, the 4 th pin of the high-voltage Relay control part is connected to the power supply port VDD through a resistor R30, and the 1 st pin and the 3 rd pin of the switch part of the high-voltage Relay are connected in series.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage Relay Relay and a photoelectric coupler U9, and based on the harsh requirements of the device on the connection and breaking elements of the circuit, the high-voltage Relay Relay adopts an SIL high-voltage Relay of MEDER company, can bear the load voltage peak value of 1000V, the current peak value of 2.5A, and the connection and release time of less than or equal to 0.1ms through repeated tests. Because the contact adopts a pure mechanical contact, no additional distortion is generated on the circuit, and the detection requirement of the device is completely met.
When normally carrying out the calibration, the device circular telegram, the computer carries out disconnected operation current threshold value and disconnected time setting through interface circuit connection microcontroller, and sampling resistor gathers the current signal in being detected the return circuit in real time, and the signal of gathering carries out signal amplification processing through signal amplification circuit, carries out analog-to-digital conversion by AD converting circuit again after, reads by microcontroller, and microcontroller calculates, analysis processes to the signal of gathering, and detailed step is:
a: closing a power switch, electrifying the device, and inputting a set value to the microcontroller through a key circuit or a computer connected with an interface circuit, wherein the set value comprises a residual current threshold value and expected breaking time of a measuring circuit for breaking operation, and the residual current threshold value is 80-90% of a nominal value of the measured residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by a residual current protector operating characteristic tester to be tested;
b: after the setting is finished, pressing a measurement control key, sending a closing signal by the microcontroller, closing the detected loop by a breaking circuit, and starting sampling and measuring the signal on the sampling resistor by the device;
c: the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of a sampling resistor in the detected loop at a sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precision adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value of the sampling resistor is known, the voltage value is obtained by sampling, and the residual current value in the detected loop can be obtained by calculation according to a formula I = U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, in an actual state, a basic small current exists, and the basic small current is regarded as a relative zero point to be used as signal preprocessing measurement;
d: in the continuous sampling process of the step C, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking the critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing sampling for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value asu 1 、u 2 、u 3 、…… u n ；
E: calculating the true effective value in the first 10ms by formula (1)V rms ；
The formula (1) is:
（1）；
f: the microcontroller compares the true effective value in the step E with the set residual current threshold value in the step A; if true valid valueV rms Resetting the timer when the threshold value is less than the set threshold value;
g: repeating the steps C to F; until a true valid value is detectedV rms Not less than the set residual current threshold;
h: continuing sampling until the expected breaking time set in the step A; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit breaks the detected loop, and the expected breaking time is standard breaking time;
i: the microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points closest to the integral multiple time of the signal period in the set breaking time, and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1);
j: the true effective value obtained in the step I is the actual value of the calibrated residual current, and the microcontroller transmits the value to a display circuit for display;
k: the difference between the nominal value of the calibrated residual current and the actual value of the residual current measured in the step I is the residual current error of the action characteristic tester of the calibrated residual current protector;
l: and the difference between the breaking time indicated by the action characteristic tester of the detected residual current protector and the standard breaking time is the measurement error of the breaking time of the action characteristic tester of the detected residual current protector.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a residual current protector operating characteristic tester calibrating device which characterized in that: the device comprises a sampling circuit, a microcontroller, an interface circuit, a key circuit, a display circuit, a breaking circuit and a power circuit; the sampling circuit consists of a sampling resistor, a signal amplifying circuit and an A/D conversion circuit; the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precise adjustable alternating current resistor, is connected in series in a detected loop and is used for sampling a current signal in the detected loop, the signal sampled by the sampling resistor is amplified by a signal amplifying circuit and then output to an A/D conversion circuit for analog-to-digital conversion, a microcontroller reads output data of the A/D conversion circuit and performs calculation analysis processing to obtain a true effective value of residual current in the detected loop, a timer in the microcontroller is used for timing control, the microcontroller is connected with a computer through an interface circuit and receives set parameters of a breaking operation current threshold value and breaking time which are sent by the computer or input through a key circuit, the key circuit is used for switching on and switching off and detection control, the microcontroller is connected with a display circuit, the display circuit is used for displaying information such as working state and measuring result, and the like, and the microcontroller is connected with the breaking circuit, the breaking circuit is used for controlling the opening and closing operations of the detected loop, and the power circuit provides power for each circuit module of the system.
2. The residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device of claim 1, wherein: the breaking circuit comprises a high-voltage relay and a photoelectric coupler, wherein the positive electrode of a light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a power supply port VDD, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a control signal, one end of a light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is connected with one end of a control part of the high-voltage relay, the other end of the light receiving part of the photoelectric coupler is digitally connected with a port, the other end of the control part of the high-voltage relay is connected with the power supply port through a resistor, and two ends of a switch part of the high-voltage relay.
3. The system algorithm of the residual current protector action characteristic tester calibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
A. after the device is electrified and starts to work, a set value is input through a computer or a key circuit, the set value comprises a residual current threshold value of a measuring circuit for carrying out breaking operation and expected breaking time, and the residual current threshold value of the measuring circuit for carrying out breaking operation is 80% -90% of a measured nominal value of residual current; the nominal value is a residual current value set by a residual current protector operating characteristic tester to be tested;
B. after the setting is finished, the breaking circuit closes the detected loop, and the device starts to sample and measure the signal on the sampling resistor; the microcontroller controls the sampling circuit to continuously sample the voltage at two ends of a sampling resistor in the detected loop at a sampling rate of 100kHz, the sampling resistor is a standard non-inductive precision adjustable alternating current resistor, the resistance value of the sampling resistor is known, and the voltage value is obtained by sampling, so that the residual current value in the detected loop can be obtained by calculation according to a formula I = U/R; in an ideal state, the residual current is zero, in an actual state, a tiny current exists, and the tiny current is considered as a relative zero point to be used as signal preprocessing measurement;
C. in the continuous sampling process, when the signal in the detected loop changes, starting a timer by taking the critical point of the signal change as a starting point, continuing sampling for 10ms, and recording the sampled voltage value asu 1 、u 2 、u 3 、 … … u n ；
D. Calculating the true effective value in the first 10ms by formula (1)V rms ；
The formula (1) is:
（1）；
F. the microcontroller compares the collected and calculated true effective value with a set residual current threshold value of the measurement circuit for carrying out breaking operation; if true valid valueV rms If the current value is less than the nominal value, giving up the acquired data, resetting the timer by the microcontroller, continuously sampling the signal in the tested loop, and calculating the true effective value of the current in the period by taking 10ms as the period;
G. when the true effective value is collectedV rms When the value is not less than the nominal value, continuing sampling until the set expected breaking time; the microcontroller sends a breaking signal to the breaking circuit, and the breaking circuit breaks the detected loop;
the microcontroller analyzes the data of all sampling points closest to the integral multiple time of the signal period in the set breaking time, calculates the true effective value of the measured signal according to the formula (1), and calculates the true effective value of the measured signal in the set breaking time according to the formula (1); and transmitting the true effective value obtained by the calculation to a display circuit for displaying.
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| CN113296042B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-07-26 | 杭州群特电气有限公司 | System and method for detecting current and time parameters of leakage current protector tester |
| CN113866488A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2021-12-31 | 重庆华虹仪表有限公司 | Method and device for calculating true effective value |
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