CN112578179B - Power monitoring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于电力测量和计量领域，具体涉及一种功率监测方法，特别适用于高压(10kV及以上)电网的馈出线上需要功率测量处使用，尤其适用于户外临时需要测量负荷功率或电量消耗调查的场合。The invention belongs to the field of power measurement and metering, and specifically relates to a power monitoring method. It is particularly suitable for use at locations where power measurement is required on the feed-out line of a high-voltage (10kV and above) power grid, and is particularly suitable for outdoor temporary load power measurement or power consumption surveys. occasion.
背景技术Background technique
电力功率的测量和电量的计量需要同时测量电压和电流，然而，考虑到绝缘距离，在高压(10kV及以上)电网的馈出线上要监测电压具体实施起来不是很方便的，因为电压的测量需要跨接在两相馈线上，电压差是线电压。为此，需要一种在功率监测点电压测量缺失时的功率监测方法。The measurement of electric power and the measurement of electricity require simultaneous measurement of voltage and current. However, considering the insulation distance, it is not very convenient to monitor the voltage on the feed line of the high-voltage (10kV and above) power grid, because the measurement of voltage requires Across two phase feeders, the voltage difference is the line voltage. For this reason, a power monitoring method is needed when the voltage measurement at the power monitoring point is missing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种功率监测点电压测量缺失时的功率监测方法，适用于高压(10kV及以上)电网的馈出线上功率监测点电压测量缺失时的功率监测，尤其适用于户外临时需要测量负荷功率或电量消耗调查的场合。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a power monitoring method when the voltage measurement of the power monitoring point is missing, which is suitable for power monitoring when the voltage measurement of the power monitoring point on the feed line of the high-voltage (10kV and above) power grid is missing, and is especially suitable for temporary outdoor needs. Occasions where load power is measured or power consumption is investigated.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种功率监测方法，包括以下步骤：A power monitoring method includes the following steps:
步骤1：在变电所的电压互感器二次侧监测母线电压，在变电所的馈出线出口、各功率监测点监测电流；Step 1: Monitor the bus voltage on the secondary side of the voltage transformer of the substation, and monitor the current at the feeder outlet of the substation and each power monitoring point;
步骤2：同步采样母线电压、馈出线出口电流、各功率监测点电流，根据采样的所述母线电压计算相电压向量值，根据采样的所述馈出线出口电流计算馈出线出口电流向量值，根据采样的各所述功率监测点电流计算对应的功率监测点电流向量值；Step 2: Simultaneously sample the bus voltage, the feeder outlet current, and the current at each power monitoring point, calculate the phase voltage vector value based on the sampled bus voltage, and calculate the feeder outlet current vector value based on the sampled feeder outlet current. Calculate the corresponding power monitoring point current vector value from the sampled current of each power monitoring point;
步骤3：根据所述相电压向量值计算母线的正序电压向量和负序电压向量，根据所述馈出线出口电流向量值计算馈出线出口的正序电流向量和负序电流向量，根据所述功率监测点电流向量值计算各所述功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量；Step 3: Calculate the positive sequence voltage vector and negative sequence voltage vector of the bus according to the phase voltage vector value, calculate the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector at the feeder outlet according to the feeder line outlet current vector value, according to the The current vector value of the power monitoring point calculates the positive sequence current vector and the negative sequence current vector of each power monitoring point;
步骤4：根据各所述功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量计算各所述功率监测点的正序电压和负序电压；Step 4: Calculate the positive sequence voltage and negative sequence voltage of each power monitoring point according to the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector of each power monitoring point;
步骤5：根据各所述功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量、正序电压和负序电压，计算各所述功率监测点的有功功率。Step 5: Calculate the active power of each power monitoring point based on the positive sequence current vector, negative sequence current vector, positive sequence voltage and negative sequence voltage of each power monitoring point.
所述步骤2中，计算所述相电压向量值、所述馈出线出口电流向量值、所述功率监测点电流向量值的方法为：In step 2, the method for calculating the phase voltage vector value, the feeder line outlet current vector value, and the power monitoring point current vector value is:
式中：为所述相电压向量值，uAB(k)、uCB(k)为采样的所述母线电压，上标S、L分别表示电源侧和负荷侧，/>为电流向量值，i＝0表示所述馈出线出口，i＝1,2,…,n表示所述功率监测点的序号，/>分别为采样的电流，N为所述母线电压、所述馈出线出口电流、各所述功率监测点电流在一个基波周期内的采样点数。In the formula: is the phase voltage vector value, u AB (k) and u CB (k) are the sampled bus voltage, and the superscripts S and L represent the power side and load side respectively, /> is the current vector value, i=0 represents the outlet of the feeder line, i=1,2,...,n represents the serial number of the power monitoring point,/> are the sampled currents respectively, and N is the number of sampling points of the bus voltage, the outlet current of the feeder line, and the current of each power monitoring point within a fundamental wave period.
所述步骤3中，计算母线的正序电压向量和负序电压向量/>的方法为：In step 3, calculate the positive sequence voltage vector of the bus and negative sequence voltage vector/> The method is:
所述步骤3中，计算正序电流向量和负序电流向量/>的方法为：In step 3, calculate the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector/> The method is:
所述步骤4中，计算各所述功率监测点的正序电压和负序电压/>的方法为：In step 4, calculate the positive sequence voltage of each power monitoring point and negative sequence voltage/> The method is:
式中：分别是第j个所述功率监测点的电源侧正序电流向量、负序电流向量，/> 分别是第j-1个所述功率监测点的负荷侧正序电流向量、负序电流向量，Rj-1、Xj-1分别是第j个所述功率监测点到第j-1个所述功率监测点之间的导线电阻和电抗，j是序号，j＝1～i。In the formula: are respectively the positive sequence current vector and the negative sequence current vector on the power supply side of the jth power monitoring point,/> are the load-side positive sequence current vector and the negative sequence current vector of the j-1th power monitoring point respectively, R j-1 and X j-1 are respectively the j-th power monitoring point to the j-1th power monitoring point The wire resistance and reactance between the power monitoring points, j is the serial number, j=1~i.
所述步骤5中，计算各所述功率监测点的有功功率的方法为：In step 5, the method for calculating the active power of each power monitoring point is:
Pi＝Pi S-Pi L Pi = PiS - PiL
式中：Pi S、Pi L分别为第i个所述功率监测点的电源侧有功功率、负荷侧有功功率，Pi为第i个所述功率监测点的有功功率，分别为第i个所述功率监测点的电源侧正序、负序功率因数，/>分别为第i个所述功率监测点的负荷侧正序、负序功率因数。In the formula: P i S and P i L are the active power on the power supply side and the active power on the load side of the i-th power monitoring point respectively, P i is the active power of the i-th power monitoring point, are respectively the positive sequence and negative sequence power factors of the power supply side of the i-th power monitoring point,/> are the positive sequence and negative sequence power factors of the load side of the i-th power monitoring point respectively.
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明专门针对中高压电网需要调查功率和电量消耗，但电压测量又难以实施的场合，能够在功率监测点电压测量缺失时实现功率监测，容易实施且成本较低。Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing technology: The present invention is specifically designed for occasions where the power and electricity consumption of medium and high-voltage power grids need to be investigated, but voltage measurement is difficult to implement. When the voltage measurement at the power monitoring point is missing, the present invention can Realize power monitoring, easy to implement and low cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为实施本发明时的设备安装拓扑图。Figure 1 is a topological diagram of equipment installation when implementing the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
实施例一：一种功率监测方法，包括以下步骤：Embodiment 1: A power monitoring method, including the following steps:
步骤1：在变电所的电压互感器二次侧监测母线电压，在变电所的馈出线出口、各功率监测点监测电流。Step 1: Monitor the bus voltage on the secondary side of the voltage transformer of the substation, and monitor the current at the feeder outlet of the substation and each power monitoring point.
步骤2：采样母线电压、馈出线出口电流、各功率监测点电流，根据采样的母线电压计算相电压向量值，根据采样的馈出线出口电流计算馈出线出口电流向量值，根据采样的各功率监测点电流计算对应的功率监测点电流向量值。这里，母线电压和各个功率监测点的电流虽然在不同地点，但必须同步采样。Step 2: Sample the bus voltage, feeder outlet current, and current at each power monitoring point. Calculate the phase voltage vector value based on the sampled bus voltage. Calculate the feeder outlet current vector value based on the sampled feeder outlet current. Monitor each power based on the sampled Point current calculation corresponds to the current vector value of the power monitoring point. Here, although the bus voltage and current at each power monitoring point are at different locations, they must be sampled synchronously.
计算相电压向量值、馈出线出口电流向量值、功率监测点电流向量值的方法为：The method for calculating the phase voltage vector value, the feeder outlet current vector value, and the power monitoring point current vector value is:
上式中：为相电压向量值，uAB(k)、uCB(k)为采样的母线电压，上标S、L分别表示电源侧和负荷侧，/>为电流向量值，i＝0表示馈出线出口，i＝1,2,…,n表示功率监测点的序号，/>分别为采样的电流，N为母线电压、馈出线出口电流、各功率监测点电流在一个基波周期内的采样点数。In the above formula: is the phase voltage vector value, u AB (k), u CB (k) are the sampled bus voltage, the superscripts S and L represent the power side and load side respectively, /> is the current vector value, i=0 represents the outlet of the feeder line, i=1,2,…,n represents the serial number of the power monitoring point,/> are the sampled currents respectively, and N is the number of sampling points of the bus voltage, the feeder outlet current, and the current of each power monitoring point within a fundamental wave period.
步骤3：根据相电压向量值计算母线的正序电压向量和负序电压向量，根据馈出线出口电流向量值计算馈出线出口的正序电流向量和负序电流向量，根据功率监测点电流向量值计算各功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量。Step 3: Calculate the positive sequence voltage vector and negative sequence voltage vector of the bus according to the phase voltage vector value, calculate the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector at the feeder outlet according to the current vector value of the feeder outlet, and calculate the current vector value of the power monitoring point according to the value of the current vector at the outlet of the feeder. Calculate the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector of each power monitoring point.
计算母线的正序电压向量和负序电压向量/>的方法为：Calculate the positive sequence voltage vector of the bus and negative sequence voltage vector/> The method is:
由解得三相相电压：/>则正序、负序电压：和/>其中：/> 得：/>和 Depend on Solve the three-phase voltage:/> Then the positive sequence and negative sequence voltages are: and/> Among them:/> Got:/> and
计算正序电流向量和负序电流向量/>的方法为：Calculate positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector/> The method is:
由和/>得： Depend on and/> have to:
步骤4：根据各功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量计算各功率监测点的正序电压和负序电压。Step 4: Calculate the positive sequence voltage and negative sequence voltage of each power monitoring point based on the positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector of each power monitoring point.
计算各功率监测点的正序电压和负序电压/>的方法为：Calculate the positive sequence voltage of each power monitoring point and negative sequence voltage/> The method is:
式(3)中：分别是第j个功率监测点的电源侧正序电流向量、负序电流向量，/>分别是第j-1个功率监测点的负荷侧正序电流向量、负序电流向量，Rj-1、Xj-1分别是第j个功率监测点到第j-1个功率监测点之间的导线电阻和电抗，j是序号，j＝1～i。In formula (3): are respectively the positive sequence current vector and the negative sequence current vector on the power supply side of the jth power monitoring point,/> are the load-side positive sequence current vector and negative sequence current vector of the j-1th power monitoring point respectively, R j-1 and X j-1 are respectively the j-th power monitoring point to the j-1th power monitoring point. The wire resistance and reactance between them, j is the serial number, j=1~i.
步骤5：根据各功率监测点的正序电流向量和负序电流向量、正序电压和负序电压，计算各功率监测点的有功功率。Step 5: Calculate the active power of each power monitoring point based on the positive sequence current vector, negative sequence current vector, positive sequence voltage and negative sequence voltage of each power monitoring point.
计算各功率监测点的有功功率的方法为：The method for calculating the active power of each power monitoring point is:
Pi＝Pi S-Pi L (5)P i =P i S -P i L (5)
式(4)(5)中：Pi S、Pi L分别为第i个功率监测点的电源侧有功功率、负荷侧有功功率，Pi为第i个功率监测点的有功功率，分别为第i个功率监测点的电源侧正序、负序功率因数，/>分别为第i个功率监测点的负荷侧正序、负序功率因数。In formulas (4) and (5): P i S and P i L are the source side active power and load side active power of the i-th power monitoring point respectively, P i is the active power of the i-th power monitoring point, are the positive sequence and negative sequence power factors of the power supply side of the i-th power monitoring point respectively,/> are the positive sequence and negative sequence power factors of the load side of the i-th power monitoring point respectively.
尽管运行中的电网各负荷的电流一般都是不对称的，由此使得各功率监测点的电压也不是对称的，但是，我们都可以将它们分解为2个对称分量，即正序和负序对称分量。按照线性电路的叠加原理，正序、负序电流和电压可以分别独立在2个对称电路中计算，然后相加得到总电压和电流。如A相的电压和电流可以表示为：Although the currents of each load in the operating power grid are generally asymmetrical, so that the voltages at each power monitoring point are also not symmetrical, we can decompose them into two symmetrical components, namely positive sequence and negative sequence. Symmetric components. According to the superposition principle of linear circuits, the positive sequence and negative sequence currents and voltages can be calculated independently in two symmetrical circuits, and then added together to obtain the total voltage and current. For example, the voltage and current of phase A can be expressed as:
按照功率定义，一个端口的电压和电流是同频率正弦量，其瞬时功率为电压和电流瞬时值的乘积，即A相吸收功率为：According to the definition of power, the voltage and current of a port are sinusoidal quantities with the same frequency, and its instantaneous power is the product of the instantaneous values of voltage and current, that is, the power absorbed by phase A is:
pA＝uA(t)·iA(t)＝[u1A(t)+u2A(t)]·[i1A(t)+i2A(t)]p A =u A (t)·i A (t)=[u 1A (t)+u 2A (t)]·[i 1A (t)+i 2A (t)]
＝u1A(t)·i1A(t)+u1A(t)·i2A(t)+u2A(t)·i1A(t)+u2A(t)·i2A(t)＝u 1A (t)·i 1A (t)+u 1A (t)·i 2A (t)+u 2A (t)·i 1A (t)+u 2A (t)·i 2A (t)
一个周期的平均功率为：The average power of a cycle is:
这里：因此，功率监测点的电源侧和负荷侧三相功率为：here: Therefore, the three-phase power on the power side and load side of the power monitoring point is:
而功率监测点的分支负荷消耗的功率则为电源侧和负荷侧三相功率之差：The power consumed by the branch load at the power monitoring point is the difference between the three-phase power on the power supply side and the load side:
Pi＝Pi S-Pi L (5)P i =P i S -P i L (5)
上述方法可按图1安装拓扑实施。在变电所内10kV母线的PT处取得10kV母线的二次电压，安装电压采集器，在变电所的馈出线出口处(i＝0)、各电流的分叉点即功率监测点(i＝1～n)分别安装2n对电流采集器，其中，F为功率监测出负荷。理论上所有的电流分叉点都应该安装2对电流采集器，但实际上，对分叉电流比较小的点，可以跳过不安装，这样会对功率监测的精度带来一点影响，但由于式(3)采用了本监测点电源侧的电流和前方一对负荷侧的电流的平均值来校正监测点的电压，同时，也由于分叉电流小，对个监测点的推算电压影响很小，因此，产生的误差也就很小。各电压和电流采集器采用无线通信(可以是Rola通信系统，或是NB窄带通信系统，或其他通信系统)将采集数据传到一服务器，进而按本方法的式(1)～式(5)计算各需要功率监测点消耗的功率，同时，也计量各监测点的电量消耗。The above method can be implemented according to the installation topology in Figure 1. Obtain the secondary voltage of the 10kV bus at the PT of the 10kV bus in the substation, install a voltage collector, and place it at the outlet of the feeder line of the substation (i=0) and the bifurcation point of each current, which is the power monitoring point (i= 1~n) Install 2n pairs of current collectors respectively, where F is the power monitoring load. Theoretically, two pairs of current collectors should be installed at all current bifurcation points. However, in fact, for points with relatively small bifurcation currents, installation can be skipped. This will have a slight impact on the accuracy of power monitoring, but due to Equation (3) uses the average value of the current on the power supply side of this monitoring point and the current on the front pair of load sides to correct the voltage of the monitoring point. At the same time, because the bifurcation current is small, it has little impact on the estimated voltage of each monitoring point. , therefore, the resulting error is very small. Each voltage and current collector uses wireless communication (it can be a Rola communication system, or an NB narrowband communication system, or other communication systems) to transmit the collected data to a server, and then according to equations (1) to (5) of this method Calculate the power consumed by each monitoring point that requires power, and also measure the power consumption of each monitoring point.
本方案的有益效果在于：功率的测量必须获得功率测量点的电压和电流信息，而在中高电压情况下，由于电压测量需要跨接在承受全压的两点间进行，在户外，尤其是临时性使用场合，考虑到绝缘安全距离，实施比较困难，或是实施成本比较高。本发明的优点是，专门针对中高压电网需要调查功率和电量消耗，但电压测量又难以实施的场合。The beneficial effect of this solution is that the power measurement must obtain the voltage and current information of the power measurement point. In the case of medium and high voltage, since the voltage measurement needs to be carried out across two points withstanding full voltage, outdoor, especially temporary In sexual use occasions, considering the insulation safety distance, implementation is more difficult or the implementation cost is relatively high. The advantage of this invention is that it is specially designed for occasions where power and electricity consumption need to be investigated in medium and high-voltage power grids, but voltage measurement is difficult to implement.
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concepts and characteristics of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They cannot limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made based on the spirit and essence of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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