CN112577886A - Small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112577886A CN112577886A CN202011524575.5A CN202011524575A CN112577886A CN 112577886 A CN112577886 A CN 112577886A CN 202011524575 A CN202011524575 A CN 202011524575A CN 112577886 A CN112577886 A CN 112577886A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UAJUXJSXCLUTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pranlukast Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCCCCC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(=O)NC(C=1)=CC=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C=1N=NNN=1 UAJUXJSXCLUTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004583 pranlukast Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/002—Test chambers
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device and a testing method, comprising a fixing device, an erosion device, a control device and a power device; the fixing device comprises a base, a side vertical frame, a top support and a stirrer base; the erosion device comprises an erosion cylinder and a top cover, the top cover is provided with a water inlet, a top cover hole and a sliding slot hole, and the inner side of the erosion cylinder is provided with a fixed bracket; the power device comprises a magnetic stirrer; the control device comprises a speed adjusting knob, a temperature adjusting knob, a timing switch, a timing display screen, a motor, a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet and an electric stove plate. Measuring the size of the microbial cement sample to be measured, calculating the surface area, and weighing the initial mass; preparing aqueous solution, and injecting the aqueous solution into an erosion cylinder; adjusting the temperature of the aqueous solution to a desired temperature; the magnetic stirrer rotates, and the reading of the flow meter is stabilized to the required flow rate; closing the speed adjusting knob and the temperature adjusting knob; and weighing the residual mass of the microbial cement sample to be measured, and calculating the disintegration rate and the disintegration rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device and a testing method.
Background
Instability of the surface of the residual soil slope caused by water flow erosion is a common problem in the world. Under the influence of river water flow, on one hand, the bank slope soil body is soaked in water for a long time, so that the internal friction angle and the cohesive force of the soil are reduced, and the loss of the bank soil body is easily caused. On the other hand, the bank slope soil is easy to disintegrate due to long-term rainfall and direct washing of rivers. The microbial cement is based on a microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology, can be used for cementing soil particles so as to enhance the engineering property of soil, has great potential on a solidified bank slope, and needs to test the erosion resistance of a microbial reinforced soil body in advance and determine the disintegration rate of the solidified soil body in order to know the application effect of the microbial cement on the actual bank slope more accurately.
The experimental device for measuring the disintegration rate of the soil body in the laboratory is only suitable for the static water condition and can only simulate the disintegration rate of the soil body on the bank slope in soaking water, but an actual river is always in a flowing state, dynamic water erosion is a main factor causing the bank slope to be damaged, and a microorganism cement dynamic water erosion test needs to be realized, so that a large-scale water tank experiment needs to be carried out, a real bank slope is simulated in a water tank to carry out a scouring test, the process is complicated, the preparation time is long, the material consumption is large, the measurement difficulty is large, the required conditions are high, and the soil bodies with different curing strengths are difficult to test in a short time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a small-sized microbial cement dynamic water erosion testing device and a testing method, which are used for measuring the erosion strength of microbial cement in dynamic water so as to more accurately simulate the application condition of the microbial cement in a real riverway bank slope.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device, which comprises a fixing device, an erosion device, a control device and a power device, wherein the erosion device is arranged on the fixing device;
the fixing device comprises two bases, two side vertical frames, a top support and a stirrer base, wherein one side vertical frame is fixed on each base;
the erosion device comprises an erosion cylinder arranged in the middle of the top end of a stirrer base, a top cover is arranged at the top of the erosion cylinder, a water inlet provided with a water inlet valve, a top cover hole provided with a thermometer and a sliding groove hole provided with a flow meter are arranged on the top cover, a water level line is arranged above the side wall of the erosion cylinder, a fixed support used for placing a microorganism cement sample to be measured is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the erosion cylinder, a water outlet is arranged below the side wall of the erosion cylinder, and a water outlet valve is arranged;
the power device comprises a strip-shaped magnetic stirrer which is placed in the center of the bottom of the inner side of the erosion cylinder and is in a variable magnetic field;
the control device comprises a speed adjusting knob, a temperature adjusting knob, a timing switch, a timing display screen, a motor, a rotating shaft, a permanent magnet and an electric stove plate; the speed adjusting knob, the temperature adjusting knob, the timing switch and the timing display screen are arranged on the front end face of the stirrer base, the motor is vertically arranged in the stirrer base, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged on the upper end face of the motor, two permanent magnets are arranged at the horizontal shaft end of the top of the rotating shaft, and the electric stove plate is arranged on the inner wall of the top end of the stirrer base and is positioned above the permanent magnets; the speed adjusting knob is connected with the motor in a control way, the permanent magnet is driven to rotate by adjusting the rotation of the motor through the speed adjusting knob, the magnet rotates to generate a constantly changing magnetic field, and then the magnetic stirrer in the magnetic field is driven to rotate, and the magnetic stirrer rotates in the solution to rotate the water flow; the inside of the temperature adjusting knob is connected with an electric stove plate to change the temperature of the solution in the erosion cylinder; the timing switch and the timing display screen are attached with timing circuits for setting or recording the time for testing.
The upper surface of the stirrer base is provided with a mica insulating layer; the top support is connected with the two side vertical frames through an adjustable wheel shaft, and the height of the top support is longitudinally adjusted along the two side vertical frames through the adjustable wheel shaft.
The fixed support is composed of four axial iron wires, four radial iron wires and an iron wire grid, the iron wire grid is horizontally arranged and is coaxially arranged with the erosion cylinder, the four radial iron wires are equal in length and are uniformly fixed on the same horizontal plane in the middle of the erosion cylinder, one ends of the four radial iron wires are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the erosion cylinder at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the other ends of the four radial iron wires are respectively connected with the tops of the four axial iron wires, and the bottoms of the four axial iron wires are respectively connected with the iron wire grid; the water outlet is arranged at the position below the wire mesh grids.
The erosion cylinder is a cylindrical transparent glass cylinder, the top opening of the erosion cylinder is closed, and the bottom of the erosion cylinder is closed; the top cover is a cylindrical glass cover; the size of the top cover hole is larger than that of the thermometer, the sliding groove hole is rectangular, the position, the opening direction and the top cover hole are located on the same diameter and located on two sides of the circle center, and the length of the sliding groove hole is larger than the radius of the wire mesh.
The lower parts of the thermometer and the flow velocity meter respectively enter the erosion cylinder through a top cover hole and a sliding slotted hole, the upper parts of the thermometer and the flow velocity meter are connected with the top support through adjustable wheel shafts, and the height of the thermometer and the position of the flow velocity meter are adjusted through the adjustable wheel shafts.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a small-sized microorganism cement flowing water erosion testing method, which comprises the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the microbial cement sample to be tested in a drying oven for drying, measuring the size of the microbial cement sample to be tested, calculating the surface area S, and weighing the initial mass m0Placing the microorganism cement sample to be tested in the center of a fixed support in an erosion cylinder;
step two: determining the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, measuring the density and the components of a water solution sample of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, configuring the water solution of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body, and injecting the configured water solution into an erosion cylinder to reach a water level line;
step three: measuring the temperature of the aqueous solution by using a thermometer, if the temperature of the aqueous solution does not reach the required temperature T, rotating a temperature adjusting knob to adjust the temperature, and taking out the thermometer when the temperature reaches the required temperature T;
step four: the flow meter is fixed on the top bracket, the bottom is immersed in the water solution and is close to the cement sample of the microorganism to be detected, the knob is adjusted by rotating the speed, the magnetic stirrer in the solution starts to rotate and drives the solutionRotating the liquid, observing the current meter, and reading the current meter after the current meter reading is stabilized at the required current rate0And turning on a timing switch to start timing;
step five: after the set test time t, closing the speed adjusting knob, after the water flow is stable and returns to a static state, closing the temperature adjusting knob, simultaneously stopping timing, and discharging the aqueous solution in the erosion cylinder;
step six: taking out the flow velocity meter, opening the top cover, taking out the corroded microbial cement sample, drying the microbial cement sample by a drying oven, and weighing to obtain the residual mass m of the corroded microbial cement sample to be measuredtAnd calculating to obtain the disintegration rate A and the disintegration rate U.
In the second step, the water level line is the water level line which can ensure that the microbial cement sample to be detected is completely immersed below the water solution when each rotating speed is set, and the water flow can be ensured to normally rotate at the water level line; the components and the density of the prepared aqueous solution are determined according to actual fluid, and the prepared aqueous solution can simulate various environments, such as bank slope scouring of common river channels, coasts and heavy metal rivers.
In the third step, the temperature adjusting knob controls the temperature of the aqueous solution to rise or fall so as to test the river channel scouring in different seasons.
In the fourth step, the erosion cylinder cannot be separated from the stirrer base in the stirring process, a magnetic stirrer should be placed at the bottom of the erosion cylinder in advance before the test, and if the magnetic stirrer does not rotate to generate other motions after the speed adjusting knob is rotated, the rotation should be stopped and the speed adjusting knob should be rotated again.
In the sixth step, the disintegration rate of the soil body is defined as A, and then the flow velocity v is0And the disintegration rate of the tested microbial cement sample under the condition of the temperature T is as follows:
in the formula: a is the disintegration rate of the soil body,%; m is0The initial mass g of the microbial cement sample to be detected; m istThe residual mass of the microbial cement sample to be tested after erosion，g；
Defining the disintegration rate of the soil body as U, then the flow velocity v0And the disintegration rate of the tested microbial cement sample under the condition of the temperature T is as follows:
in the formula: u is soil disintegration rate, g/(cm)2Min); s is the initial surface area of the microbial cement sample to be detected, cm2(ii) a t is the set test time, min.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention evolves to the flowing water according to the test experiment of the disintegration rate in the still water, applies the principle of the magnetic stirrer to the test of the disintegration rate of the microbial cement, and drives the water flow in the erosion cylinder to rotate to form a vortex through the circumferential autorotation of the magnetic stirrer in the changing magnetic field, thereby creating the flowing water condition and reflecting the real situation of the river channel erosion; and the microbial cement erosion test under different water environment conditions can be realized by controlling the changes of the aqueous solution, the water temperature and the flow rate.
(2) The invention defines new disintegration rate and provides a calculation formula, and can quantitatively reflect the erosion resistance of the microbial cement sand column in the flowing water.
(3) Compared with the conventional large water tank experiment for testing the microbial cement erosion resistance, the experimental device provided by the invention has the advantages of small experimental device, less material consumption, simplicity and convenience in operation, easiness in measuring experimental parameters and short testing time, and is suitable for quantitative erosion test of the microbial cement in various flowing water environments.
(4) The small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device and the testing method can be carried out in a laboratory, dynamic water erosion experiments with different water environments, different flow rates and different water temperatures can be carried out, compared with a hydrostatic disintegration rate experiment, the erosion state of a bank slope can be reflected more truly, in addition, the prepared microorganism cement sand column can be directly tested, the experimental device is small, the occupied space is small, the principle is simple, and the operation is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion test device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the base of the stirrer in the testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a portion of an erosion cylinder of the test apparatus of the present invention during experimental testing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fixing bracket portion in the testing device of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a base; 2-side vertical frame; 3-a top support; 4-adjustable wheel axle; 5-a thermometer; 6-a flow meter; 7-eroding the cylinder; 8-a top cover; 9-a water inlet; 10-a water inlet valve; 11-a top cover hole; 12-sliding slotted holes; 13-water line; 14-a fixed support; 15-water outlet; 16-a water outlet valve; 17-a magnetic stirrer; 18-speed adjustment knob; 19-temperature adjusting knob; 20-timing display screen; 21-a time switch; 22-a blender base; 23-the microorganism cement sample to be tested; 24-a motor; 25-a rotating shaft; 26-a permanent magnet; 27-electric hob; 28-mica insulation layer; 29-timing circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1 to 4, the small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device comprises a fixing device, an erosion device, a power device and a control device.
The fixture includes two bases 1, two side stands 2, a top support 3, and a blender base 22. Two side grudging posts 2 are respectively fixed on the two bases 1, the top support 3 is connected between the two side grudging posts 2 in a sliding mode and keeps horizontal, an adjustable wheel shaft 4 used for adjusting tightness is arranged at the joint of the top support and the top support, and the height of the top support is longitudinally adjusted along the two side grudging posts 2 through the adjustable wheel shaft 4. The upper surface of the stirrer base 22 is a mica insulating layer, the stirrer base 22 is fixed between the two bases 1 and is positioned right below the top support 3, and the top cover hole 11, the sliding groove hole 12 and the top support 3 are ensured to be positioned on the same vertical plane.
The erosion device comprises an erosion cylinder 7 fixed in the middle of the top end of the stirrer base 22, wherein the erosion cylinder 7 is a cylindrical transparent glass cylinder, and the top opening and the bottom opening are closed. The top of the erosion cylinder 7 is provided with a top cover 8, and the top cover 8 is a cylindrical glass cover. The top cover 8 is provided with a water inlet 9 provided with a water inlet valve 10, a top cover hole 11 provided with a thermometer 5 and a sliding groove hole 12 provided with a flow velocity meter 6. A water level line 13 is arranged above the side wall of the erosion cylinder 7, a fixing support 14 for placing a microorganism cement sample 23 to be detected is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the erosion cylinder 7, a water outlet 15 is arranged below the side wall of the erosion cylinder 7, and a water outlet valve 16 is arranged below the side wall of the erosion cylinder.
The size of the top cover hole 11 is slightly larger than that of the thermometer 5, the sliding groove hole 12 is rectangular, the position, the opening direction and the top cover hole 11 are located on the same diameter and located on two sides of the circle center, and the length of the sliding groove hole 12 is slightly larger than the radius of the wire mesh.
The lower parts of the thermometer 5 and the flow velocity meter 6 respectively enter the erosion cylinder 7 through a top cover hole 11 and a sliding slotted hole 12, the upper parts of the thermometer 5 and the flow velocity meter 6 are vertically connected with the top support 3 through an adjustable wheel shaft 4, the height of the thermometer 5 and the upper, lower, left and right positions of the flow velocity meter 6 are adjusted through the adjustable wheel shaft 4, on one hand, immersion of vacuoles of the thermometer 5 into water solution is guaranteed, and on the other hand, the flow velocity meter 6 is guaranteed to be close to a microorganism cement sample 23 to be measured so as to guarantee effectiveness of the measured flow.
The fixed support 4 is composed of four axial iron wires, four radial iron wires and iron wire grids. Iron wire net level sets up and with erosion cylinder 7 coaxial line settings, and four radial iron wires are isometric and evenly fix the same horizontal plane at 7 middle parts of erosion cylinder, and four radial iron wire one end are fixed in 7 inner walls of erosion cylinder along circumferencial direction equidistant respectively, and the other end is connected with four axial iron wire tops respectively, and four axial iron wire bottoms all are connected with the iron wire net check. The water inlet 9 can effectively avoid stopping the backflow of the priming water midway when the water solution is injected. The water outlet 15 is arranged below the wire mesh grid to ensure that the water level line can reach below 23 of the microbial cement sample to be detected after water is discharged. The water level line 13 is determined by the immersion state of the actual sand column in the rotating water flow, so that the microbial cement pattern 23 to be detected can be submerged in the water solution under various flow speed conditions, and the water level line 13 can ensure the normal rotation of the water flow.
The power device comprises a strip-shaped magnetic stirrer 17 which is placed in the center of the bottom of the inner side of the erosion cylinder 7 and is in a variable magnetic field, and the magnetic stirrer 17 is determined according to the size of the erosion cylinder so as to ensure the stirring effect.
The control device comprises a speed adjusting knob 18, a temperature adjusting knob 19, a timing switch 21, a timing display screen 20, a motor 24, a rotating shaft 25, a permanent magnet 26 and an electric stove plate 27. Speed adjusting knob 18, temperature adjusting knob 19, time switch 21, timing display screen 20 set up terminal surface before agitator base 22, motor 24 is vertical to be set up inside agitator base 22, axis of rotation 25 is vertical to be set up in motor 24 up end, the horizontal axle head in axis of rotation 25 top sets up two permanent magnet 26, electric stove dish 27 sets up in agitator base 22 top inner wall, and is located permanent magnet 26 top. The speed adjusting knob 18 is in control connection with the motor 24, the permanent magnet 26 is driven to rotate by adjusting the rotation of the motor 24 through the speed adjusting knob 18, the magnet rotates to generate a constantly changing magnetic field, the magnetic stirrer 17 in the magnetic field is driven to rotate, and the magnetic stirrer 17 rotates in a solution to enable water flow to rotate. The speed adjusting knob 18 controls the rotation speed of the magnetic stirrer 17 by controlling the rotation speed of the connecting motor 24, thereby controlling the flow rate of water. The temperature adjusting knob 19 is internally connected with an electric stove plate 27, can change the temperature of the solution in the erosion cylinder 7 and is used for testing soil disintegration at different temperatures. The time switch 21 and the time display 20 are attached with a timing circuit 29 for setting or recording the time when the test is performed.
The invention relates to a method for testing small-sized microorganism cement flowing water erosion, which comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
the method comprises the following steps: the microorganism cement sample 23 to be detected is a cylinder, the microorganism cement sample 23 to be detected is placed in a drying box to be dried for 24 hours and then weighed, and the initial mass is m0Simultaneously measuring the size of the microbial cement pattern 23 to be measured, wherein the height is h, and the radius is r0And the surface area S was calculated,the formula is as follows:
in the formula: r is0Is the initial radius of the microorganism cement sample to be detected, cm; h is the initial height of the microbial cement sample to be detected, cm.
The top cover 8 is then opened and the microbial cement pattern 23 to be tested is placed in the center of the fixed support 14 in the erosion cylinder 7, and the top cover 8 is closed.
Step two: determining the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, measuring the density and the components of the water solution sample of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, and preparing the water solution of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body. Closing the water outlet valve 16, opening the water inlet valve 10 on the top cover 8, connecting the prepared solution, the peristaltic pump and the water inlet 9 through the infusion pipeline, starting the peristaltic pump, slowly injecting the prepared aqueous solution into the erosion cylinder 7, stopping when the water level of the aqueous solution reaches the water level line 13, and closing the water inlet valve 10 after the injection is finished.
The components, density and the like of the prepared aqueous solution are determined according to actual fluid, and various environments such as bank slope scouring of common river channels, coasts, heavy metal rivers and the like can be simulated. The water level line is the water level line when all the microbial cement patterns 23 to be tested are immersed below the water solution when all the rotating speeds are set, and the water flow can be ensured to rotate normally at the water level line 13.
Step three: fixing the thermometer 5 on the top bracket 3, adjusting the adjustable wheel shaft 4 until the glass bubbles of the thermometer 5 submerge in the aqueous solution, measuring the current temperature, and if the current aqueous solution temperature does not reach the required temperature T, rotating the temperature adjusting knob 19 to adjust the temperature. According to the desired temperature T, the temperature adjusting knob 19 is turned, and the thermometer 5 is taken out after standing to wait for the aqueous solution to be heated (or cooled), and observing the reading of the thermometer 5 until the temperature rises and stabilizes to T. Wherein, temperature regulation knob 19 can control the aqueous solution and rise temperature or lower the temperature to the river course that realizes testing different seasons erodees.
Step four: the current meter 6 is fixed onOn the top support 3, the bottom is immersed in the aqueous solution and is close to the microbial cement sample 23 to be measured as much as possible, the rotating speed adjusting knob 18 is rotated, the magnetic stirrer 17 in the solution starts to rotate and drives the solution to rotate, the current meter 6 is observed, and after the reading of the current meter 6 is stabilized at the required current speed, the reading v of the current meter 6 is read0And turns on the time switch 21 to start timing.
Wherein, the erosion cylinder 7 can not be separated from the stirrer base 22 in the stirring process, the magnetic stirrer 17 is placed at the bottom of the erosion cylinder 7 in advance before the test, the magnetic stirrer 17 can not be placed after the speed adjusting knob 18 is rotated, and if the magnetic stirrer 17 does not rotate to generate other motions after the speed adjusting knob 18 is rotated, the rotation is stopped and the speed adjusting knob 18 is rotated again.
Step five: after the set test time t, the speed adjusting knob 18 is turned off, after the water flow is stable and returns to a static state, the temperature adjusting knob 19 is turned off, the timing is stopped, the water solution in the erosion cylinder 7 is discharged, and when the water level is reduced below the microbial cement pattern 23 to be tested, the water outlet valve 16 is closed, and the water discharge is stopped.
Step six: adjusting an adjustable wheel shaft 4 at the position of the current meter 6, taking out the current meter 6, opening a top cover 8, taking out the corroded microbial cement sample, putting the corroded microbial cement sample into a drying oven, drying for 24 hours, weighing, and measuring to obtain the residual mass m of the corroded microbial cement sample to be measuredtAnd calculating to obtain the disintegration rate A and the disintegration rate U.
Defining the disintegration rate of soil body as A, then the flow velocity v0And the disintegration rate of the tested microbial cement sample under the condition of the temperature T is as follows:
in the formula: a is the disintegration rate of the soil body,%; m is0The initial mass g of the microbial cement sample to be detected; m istThe remaining mass of the microbiological cement pattern to be tested after erosion, g.
Defining the disintegration rate of the soil body as U, then the flow velocity v0At a temperature TThe disintegration rates for the measured microbial cement samples were:
in the formula: u is soil disintegration rate, g/(cm)2Min); s is the initial surface area of the microbial cement sample to be detected, cm2(ii) a t is the set test time, min.
While the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion testing device is characterized by comprising a fixing device, an erosion device, a control device and a power device;
the fixing device comprises two bases (1), two side vertical frames (2), a top support (3) and a stirrer base (22), wherein one side vertical frame (2) is fixed on each of the two bases (1), the top support (3) is connected between the two side vertical frames (2) in a sliding mode and is kept horizontal, and the stirrer base (22) is fixed between the two bases (1) and is located at the lower end of the top support (3);
the erosion device comprises an erosion cylinder (7) placed in the middle of the top end of a stirrer base (22), a top cover (8) is arranged at the top of the erosion cylinder (7), a water inlet (9) provided with a water inlet valve (10), a top cover hole (11) provided with a thermometer (5) and a sliding groove hole (12) provided with a flow meter (6) are formed in the top cover (8), a water level line (13) is arranged above the side wall of the erosion cylinder (7), a fixing support (14) used for placing a to-be-measured microorganism cement pattern (23) is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the erosion cylinder (7), a water outlet (15) is arranged below the side wall of the erosion cylinder (7), and a water outlet valve (16) is arranged;
the power device comprises a strip-shaped magnetic stirrer (17) which is placed in the center of the bottom of the inner side of the erosion cylinder (7) and is in a variable magnetic field;
the control device comprises a speed adjusting knob (18), a temperature adjusting knob (19), a timing switch (21), a timing display screen (20), a motor (24), a rotating shaft (25), a permanent magnet (26) and an electric stove plate (27); the speed adjusting knob (18), the temperature adjusting knob (19), the timing switch (21) and the timing display screen (20) are arranged on the front end face of the stirrer base (22), the motor (24) is vertically arranged inside the stirrer base (22), the rotating shaft (25) is vertically arranged on the upper end face of the motor (24), two permanent magnets (26) are arranged at the top horizontal shaft end of the rotating shaft (25), and the electric stove plate (27) is arranged on the inner wall of the top end of the stirrer base (22) and is positioned above the permanent magnets (26); the speed adjusting knob (18) is in control connection with the motor (24), the speed adjusting knob (18) is used for adjusting the rotation of the motor (24) so as to drive the permanent magnet (26) to rotate, the magnet rotates to generate a constantly changing magnetic field, and then the magnetic stirrer (17) in the magnetic field is driven to rotate, and the magnetic stirrer (17) rotates in the solution to rotate water flow; the inside of the temperature adjusting knob (19) is connected with an electric stove plate (27) to change the temperature of the solution in the erosion cylinder (7); the timing switch (21) and the timing display screen (20) are attached with a timing circuit (29) for setting or recording the time for testing.
2. The small-scale microorganism cement dynamic water erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the stirrer base (22) is a mica insulation layer; the top support (3) is connected with the two side vertical frames (2) through an adjustable wheel shaft (4), and the height of the top support is longitudinally adjusted along the two side vertical frames (2) through the adjustable wheel shaft (4).
3. The small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein the fixed support (14) is composed of four axial iron wires, four radial iron wires and an iron wire grid, the iron wire grid is horizontally arranged and is coaxially arranged with the erosion cylinder (7), the four radial iron wires are equal in length and are uniformly fixed on the same horizontal plane in the middle of the erosion cylinder (7), one ends of the four radial iron wires are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the erosion cylinder (7) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, the other ends of the four radial iron wires are respectively connected with the tops of the four axial iron wires, and the bottoms of the four axial iron wires are respectively connected with the iron wire grid; the water outlet (15) is arranged at the position below the wire mesh grids.
4. The small-sized microorganism cement dynamic water erosion test device according to claim 1, wherein the erosion cylinder (7) is a cylindrical transparent glass cylinder with an open top and a closed bottom; the top cover (8) is a cylindrical glass cover; the size of the top cover hole (11) is larger than that of the thermometer (5), the sliding groove hole (12) is rectangular, the position, the opening direction and the top cover hole (11) are located on the same diameter and on two sides of the circle center, and the length of the sliding groove hole (12) is larger than the radius of the wire mesh.
5. The small-sized microorganism cement kinetic water erosion testing device according to the claim 1, characterized in that the lower parts of the thermometer (5) and the flow meter (6) respectively enter the erosion cylinder (7) through a top cover hole (11) and a sliding slotted hole (12), the upper parts of the thermometer (5) and the flow meter (6) are connected with the top bracket (3) through an adjustable wheel axle (4), and the height of the thermometer (5) and the position of the flow meter (6) are adjusted through the adjustable wheel axle (4).
6. A test method based on the small-sized microorganism cement-driven water erosion test device of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following processes:
the method comprises the following steps: placing the microbial cement pattern (23) to be tested in a drying oven for drying, measuring the size of the microbial cement pattern (23) to be tested, calculating the surface area S, and weighing the initial mass m0Placing a microorganism cement pattern (23) to be tested in the center of a fixed support (14) in an erosion cylinder (7);
step two: determining the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, measuring the density and the components of the water solution sample of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body to be simulated, configuring the water solution of the water flow environment of the eroded soil body, and injecting the configured water solution into the erosion cylinder (7) to reach the water level line (13);
step three: measuring the temperature of the aqueous solution by using a thermometer (5), if the temperature of the aqueous solution does not reach the required temperature T, rotating a temperature adjusting knob (19) to adjust the temperature, and taking out the thermometer (5) when the temperature reaches the required temperature T;
step four: the flow meter (6) is fixed on the top support (14), the bottom of the flow meter is immersed in the water solution and is close to the microorganism cement sample to be detected (23), the rotating speed adjusting knob (18) is rotated, the magnetic stirrer (17) in the solution starts to rotate and drives the solution to rotate, the flow meter (6) is observed, and after the reading of the flow meter (6) is stabilized at the required flow speed, the reading v of the flow meter is read0And turn on the timing switch (21) to start timing;
step five: after the set test time t, closing the speed adjusting knob (18), after the water flow is stable and returns to a static state, closing the temperature adjusting knob (19), stopping timing at the same time, and discharging the aqueous solution in the erosion cylinder (7);
step six: taking out the flow velocity meter (6), opening the top cover (8), taking out the corroded microbial cement sample, drying the microbial cement sample by a drying oven, and weighing to obtain the residual mass m of the corroded microbial cement sample to be detectedtAnd calculating to obtain the disintegration rate A and the disintegration rate U.
7. The method for testing the dynamic water erosion of the small-sized microorganism cement as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the second step, the water level line (13) is the water level line (13) which can ensure that the microorganism cement pattern (23) to be tested is totally immersed below the water solution when various rotating speeds are set, and the water level line (13) can ensure that the water flow rotates normally; the components and the density of the prepared aqueous solution are determined according to actual fluid, and the prepared aqueous solution can simulate various environments, such as bank slope scouring of common river channels, coasts and heavy metal rivers.
8. The small-sized microorganism cement kinetic water erosion test method according to the claim 6, characterized in that in the third step, the temperature adjusting knob (19) controls the temperature of the water solution to be increased or decreased so as to test the river channel scouring in different seasons.
9. The small-sized microorganism cement kinetic water erosion test method according to the claim 6, characterized in that in the fourth step, the erosion cylinder (7) can not be separated from the stirrer base (22) during the stirring process, the magnetic stirrer (17) is placed at the bottom of the erosion cylinder (7) in advance before the test, if the magnetic stirrer (17) does not rotate to generate other movement after the speed adjusting knob (18) is rotated, the rotation is stopped and the speed adjusting knob (18) is rotated again.
10. The method for testing the dynamic water erosion of the small-sized microorganism cement as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the sixth step, the disintegration rate of the soil body is defined as A, and then the soil body is tested at the flow velocity v0And the disintegration rate of the tested microbial cement sample under the condition of the temperature T is as follows:
in the formula: a is the disintegration rate of the soil body,%; m is0The initial mass g of the microbial cement sample to be detected; m istThe residual mass g of the microbial cement sample to be tested after erosion;
defining the disintegration rate of the soil body as U, then the flow velocity v0And the disintegration rate of the tested microbial cement sample under the condition of the temperature T is as follows:
in the formula: u is soil disintegration rate, g/(cm)2Min); s is the initial surface area of the microbial cement sample to be detected, cm2(ii) a t is the set test time, min.
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