CN112577827A - Test method for simulating uniform load of pipeline in deepwater environment - Google Patents
Test method for simulating uniform load of pipeline in deepwater environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112577827A CN112577827A CN202011403901.7A CN202011403901A CN112577827A CN 112577827 A CN112577827 A CN 112577827A CN 202011403901 A CN202011403901 A CN 202011403901A CN 112577827 A CN112577827 A CN 112577827A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
Abstract
The invention provides a test method for simulating uniform load of a pipeline in a deepwater environment, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of putting a test pipe fitting into a high-pressure cabin body with a hydraulic device, connecting the test pipe fitting with the hydraulic device through a spring set, gradually decreasing the rigidity of each spring in the spring set from the middle to two sides and distributing the rigidity in a triangular load manner, and installing a control system for acquiring the information of each sensor inside and controlling the hydraulic device outside the high-pressure cabin body; after water with preset pressure is injected into the high-pressure cabin body, the hydraulic device is started to apply pressure to the spring group, then the pressure is uniformly distributed to the test pipe fittings, and water injection and pressurization are continuously carried out on the high-pressure cabin body until a test preset value is reached or the test pipe fittings are damaged; the control system controls the test process in the test process, and after the test purpose is achieved, the water in the high-pressure cabin is drained and the test pipe fitting is taken out, so that the whole test is completed. The invention can apply various uniform loads to the test pipe fitting, thereby acquiring the real test data which is the same as the actual situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep sea oil pipe erection, in particular to a test method for simulating uniform load of a pipeline in a deep water environment.
Background
Landslide on the sea floor is a huge deformation and dynamic process that causes severe damage to offshore facilities such as subsea pipelines. The research on the large deformation process of the submarine landslide and the interaction between the landslide and the submarine pipeline has very important significance on the safety design of the practical engineering. At present, the research on interaction of the submarine landslide and the pipeline adopts qualitative analysis, a sliding body usually has constant volume, an assumed sliding surface and initial sliding speed, and the pipe-soil interaction is simplified into the local load action of the pipeline in most of the research when the uncertainty of the landslide caused by natural variation of soil properties is not considered. However, the process that the pipeline is impacted by soil particles is difficult to simulate in the limited space of a laboratory, so that the research on the aspect is limited, the research difficulty is increased, and the research result cannot be well verified.
In addition, when the vertical plane motion is large in an extreme environment, high structural stress, dynamic buckling and accumulated fatigue damage may be generated, and at this time, the large pitching motion of the platform is directly transmitted to the connected riser and causes direct interaction with the seabed; particularly when the riser moves down at high speed, large negative pulling forces may be induced, which may result in local dynamic buckling near the touchdown point, which, once it occurs, may result in unacceptably high stresses and permanent structural damage; the high stress range that is frequently applied leads to significant fatigue damage buildup even if the maximum stress does not reach the yield stress of the material.
At present, in the research of a riser contact section, because a full-size pipeline is difficult to use for a uniform load distribution test, most of the research can only focus on the soil deformation and the groove forming process. If a full-size ground contact section fatigue test is required, a test site more than one hundred meters is needed, so that the occupied space is large, and the ground contact section fatigue test is easily interfered by the surrounding environment. If the pipe fitting is tested by adopting the scale ratio, the reliability of the test result is not high, and the pipe fitting cannot be used in the engineering practice. Therefore, the effect of the local load of the soil on the seabed pipeline touchdown point is simulated by adopting a local load loading mode, the length of the test pipe fitting can be shortened, the test can be simplified, the cost is reduced, the interference is reduced, and the test precision is improved.
Although research on local uniform load effect of submarine pipelines at home and abroad is already carried out, the following defects exist:
1. the local acting loading device for the pipelines at home and abroad is generally only suitable for single-point loading or four-point bending loading, and cannot realize local uniform load loading of the pipelines, namely the existing device mainly acts on one point on the pipeline, but fatigue failure and crushing failure positions are mostly positioned at loading positions, so that the influence caused by stress concentration cannot be obtained.
2. The test tubular is typically a scaled tubular. Because the large-size pipe fitting is not easy to apply uniform load and has extremely high danger, the load is applied to the pipe fitting with the reduced scale ratio, the size effect exists, and the precision of the test result cannot be guaranteed.
3. The existing domestic test device is mainly used for simulating the interaction between the pipeline and the soil body on land under normal pressure, the acting force type is limited, and the acting mode is single.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method capable of truly simulating the uniform load of a pipeline in an actual deepwater environment.
Specifically, the invention provides a test method for simulating uniform load of a pipeline in a deepwater environment, which comprises the following steps:
and 400, in the water injection and pressure application processes, the control system acquires data of each part in the test process through each sensor and controls the test process, and after the test purpose is achieved, the water in the high-pressure cabin is drained and the test pipe fitting is taken out, so that the whole test is completed.
The invention can apply various uniform loads to the test pipe fitting to simulate the deformation condition of the test pipe fitting under the real limit condition; the high-pressure cabin body and the load loading structure adopted in the whole test process are of pure mechanical structures, and can bear strong enough water pressure without influencing the precision of the test result; the rigidity change of the corresponding spring can be obtained through the displacement sensor and the acceleration sensor, and further uniform load loading in various forms is realized; the hydraulic device and the hydraulic pressure applying process are controllable, the condition that the actual pipeline bears uniformly distributed load can be completely simulated, and therefore real test data the same as the actual condition are obtained, and engineering personnel can know the performance of the actual pipeline more comprehensively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an assay method according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of a high pressure chamber used in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the high-pressure chamber shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of the internal equipment of the high pressure hull according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a load applying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The detailed structure and implementation process of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, a test method for simulating uniform load of a pipeline in a deepwater environment is disclosed, which comprises the following steps
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the structure of the high-pressure cabin involved in this step is as follows:
the high-pressure cabin comprises a hollow high-pressure cabin body 1, wherein the high-pressure cabin body 1 can be cylindrical and horizontally arranged, two ends of the high-pressure cabin body 1 are provided with sealed movable cabin doors 4, the interior of the high-pressure cabin body 1 can be maintained and provided with test pipe fittings 9 through the movable cabin doors 4, the upper part of the high-pressure cabin body 1 is provided with a water inlet valve 5 and an exhaust valve 7, and the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body is provided with a drain valve 3.
A test pipe fitting 9 and a load loading device 8 are arranged in the high-pressure cabin body 1. The test pipe fitting 9 is a section of an actual pipeline, two ends of the test pipe fitting are fixed on two opposite side walls of the high-pressure cabin body 1 through universal seats, preferably on the inner surfaces of the two cabin doors 4, and the fixed test pipe fitting 9 is suspended in the high-pressure cabin body 1.
The load loading device 8 comprises a hydraulic device 6 penetrating into the high-pressure cabin 1 by using a hydraulic rod, and a displacement transfer plate 10 installed at one end of the hydraulic rod, which is located in the high-pressure cabin 1, wherein the installed displacement transfer plate 10 is in a horizontal state, and a spring group 11 in contact with the test pipe fitting 9 through an elastic piece 13 is installed on one side, which is far away from the hydraulic rod, of the displacement transfer plate 10.
And sticking a strain gauge every 10 m on the test pipe fitting, wherein the detection direction of the strain gauge is the axial direction of the test pipe fitting. The strain gauge lead is connected with an external strain acquisition instrument through an exhaust valve 7 of the high-pressure cabin body, and the strain gauge is used for detecting the deformation of the test pipe fitting along the axial direction.
As shown in fig. 4, the specific universal seat includes flanges 19 respectively fixed to two ends of the test tube 9, connecting seats 16 respectively fixed to inner surfaces of the two hatches 4, and hinge supports 18 respectively connected to the connecting seats 16 and the flanges 19; the end of the connecting socket 16 facing the hinge support 18 is provided with a cavity and a closed cover 17 with a connecting hole, the hinge support 18 comprises a connecting ball 181 which can extend into the cavity and is limited to be separated by the closed cover 17, and an adapter flange 182 fixedly connected with the connecting ball 181.
During installation, the connecting socket 16 is fixed on the hatch 4 by bolts, then the hinged support 18 is connected with the flange 19 fixed at the end of the test tube 9 by the adapter flange 182, the connecting ball 181 of the hinged support 18 is inserted into the cavity of the connecting socket 16, and finally the closing cover 17 is fixed with the connecting socket 16 to limit the connecting ball 181 in the cavity. The diameter of the connection hole of the closing cap 17 is smaller than the diameter of the connection ball 181 but larger than the diameter of the connection portion of the connection ball 181 and the adapter flange 182, and the closing cap 17 is previously installed between the connection ball 181 and the adapter flange 182. The length of the cavity and the length of the connection between the connecting ball 181 and the adapter flange 182 determine the length of the final axial displacement of the test tube 9. As the pressure applied by the hydraulic device 6 changes, the connecting ball 181 can rotate and move axially in the cavity along with the test tube 9.
In order to improve the sealing performance between the cabin door 4 and the high pressure cabin 1, a sealing ring 15 can be arranged on one surface of the cabin door 4, which is in contact with the high pressure cabin 1.
wherein the elastic component 13 adopts the structure of curved flexible board 131, and the curved angle is the same with the surperficial radian of experimental pipe fitting 9, and the material of flexible board 131 can be plastics or rubber, and each flexible board 131 is attached respectively on the shaft of experimental pipe fitting 9 along the axial of experimental pipe fitting 9. The flexible plate 131 has a certain elasticity and can deform along with the deformation of the test tube 9.
The flexible plates 131 may be independent of each other or may be connected together; when connected, the flexible plates 131 can be connected to each other by the pin structure 14, and the flexible plates 131 can rotate relative to each other, so that load transmission between the adjacent flexible plates 131 is realized. The specific pin structure 14 is: a hollow single pipeline 141 is arranged at one axial end of the flexible plate 131, two hollow pipelines 142 arranged at intervals are arranged at the other axial end of the flexible plate, the directions of the pipelines 141 and 142 are perpendicular to the axial direction of the test pipe fitting 9, the interval distance between the two pipelines 142 is the same as the length of the single pipeline 141, two adjacent flexible plates 131 are clamped between the two pipelines 142 through the single pipeline 141, and then the two adjacent flexible plates are connected together through a pin 143 inserted into the three pipelines 141 and 142 at the same time. After the flexible plate 131 is movably connected through the pin structure 14, pressure can be uniformly applied to the test pipe fitting 9, the continuity is good, meanwhile, rigidity adjustment can be achieved by replacing different springs 111, and then different uniform load distribution effects are achieved.
In order to facilitate the connection of the spring 111, a spring fixing seat 12 for fixing the end of the spring 111 is installed on one side of the flexible board 131 close to the spring 111, and a spring hole for inserting the end of the spring 111 is formed in the spring fixing seat 12. The spring fixing seat 12 can facilitate the replacement of the spring 111, and can better transmit the pressure of the spring 111.
As shown in fig. 5, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spring set 11 includes a plurality of springs 111 arranged side by side and at intervals, and the springs 111 are arranged in the same direction as the test tube 9. The number of the springs 111 in the spring set 11 can be 5-9, and the covering length at least comprises the bending section of the test tube 9. The number of the springs 111 can be adjusted according to different lengths of the test pipe 9 so as to better simulate pressure changes.
Further, the distribution of the springs 111 in the spring set 11 can select different rigidities according to the bending degree of the test pipe 9 after connection, the rigidities of the springs in the spring set 11 gradually decrease from the middle to both sides, so as to ensure that the load transmitted to the test pipe 9 by the flexible plate 131 gradually decreases from the middle to both ends, that is, the distance between the displacement transmission plate 10 and the test pipe 9 is taken as a standard, and the springs 111 with different rigidities are installed at corresponding positions according to the distance, so that the load finally applied to the test pipe 9 is uniformly distributed.
Wherein the spring rate is selected according to the following:
F＝F1+F2+F3+F4+F5
F3＝2F2＝2F4＝4F1＝4F5
Fn＝Kn×Un
wherein U is the expected maximum displacement distance of the middle part of the pipeline, H is the length of the flexible plate, E is the elastic modulus of the pipeline, I is the inertia moment of the pipeline,l is the total length of the pipe, F is the sum of the equivalent forces, FnRespectively, the concentrated force generated by the spring after deformation, F1-F5Indicating the force generated by the spring from left to right, KnIs the spring rate.
The rigidity required by each spring 111 can be calculated by determining the displacement of the middle part of the test pipe fitting 9, and the triangular load can be applied to the test pipe fitting 9. In the test preparation stage, the displacement of the middle part of the test pipe fitting 9 is smaller than the inner diameter of the high-pressure cabin body. The value of U is determined and the desired stiffness and final displacement of the five springs 111 are determined and mounted on the displacement transmission plate 10.
The present embodiment is exemplified by five springs 111, and in other embodiments, the number of springs 111 may be increased or decreased according to the foregoing principle.
when the water level reaches the initial set value or is the highest, the water inlet valve 5 is closed, and the hydraulic device 6 is started to load the test pipes 9 in the high-pressure cabin body 1 uniformly. The hydraulic device 6 is fixed at the top of the high-pressure cabin body 1, the displacement transfer plate 10 is pushed through the hydraulic rod, the spring set 11 is deformed, the input concentrated force is converted into a plurality of concentrated forces to be transferred to the flexible plate 131, the concentrated force is converted into uniformly distributed loads through the flexible plate 131, and the uniformly distributed loads are uniformly applied to the test pipe fitting 9. Each spring 111 is provided with a displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor, and the sensors are connected with a control system outside the high-pressure cabin body 1. The control system controls the expansion and contraction amount of the hydraulic device 6, so that the load of the spring 111 reaches a preset value.
After the hydraulic device 6 reaches the designated load, the hydraulic device 6 is stopped and the water inlet valve 5 is opened to start to continuously inject water into the high-pressure cabin body 1 for carrying out a pressurization test.
And 400, in the water injection and pressure application processes, the control system acquires data of each part in the test process through each sensor and controls the test process, and after the test purpose is achieved, the water in the high-pressure cabin is drained and the test pipe fitting is taken out, so that the whole test is completed.
And when the pressure value reaches the test preset value or the test pipe fitting 1 in the cabin is damaged, stopping water injection, opening the drain valve to release pressure and drain water, opening the cabin door, taking out the test pipe fitting, and finishing the test.
In the embodiment, the whole test comprises a pressurizing process, a water injection process, a reaction state of the test pipe under pressure and the like, which can be monitored by a control system, and required parameters are obtained by using corresponding sensors. The displacement transfer plate 10 can enable pressure to act on the test pipe fitting 9 uniformly, good continuity is achieved, meanwhile, the rigidity of the spring group 11 can be changed, and different uniform load effects are achieved. The supporting seats 2 arranged at intervals can be arranged at the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body 1, and one surface of each supporting seat 2 contacted with the high-pressure cabin body 1 is an arc shape tightly attached to the outer surface of the high-pressure cabin body 1, so that the high-pressure cabin body 1 can be prevented from shaking while the high-pressure cabin body 1 is stably supported.
The embodiment provides a test platform for a pipeline under the action of local load, and can apply various uniformly distributed loads to a test pipe fitting so as to simulate the deformation condition of the test pipe fitting under the real limit condition; the adopted high-pressure cabin body and the load loading device are of pure mechanical structures, and can bear strong enough water pressure without influencing the precision of a test result; the uniform load loading can be realized through the load loading device, and the uniform load loading in various forms can be realized through replacing and adjusting the rigidity of the spring; the load loading device is completely contacted with the test pipe fitting, when the hydraulic device is used for applying load to the test pipe fitting, the local effective length and the stress surface of the test pipe fitting can be applied with pressure in a targeted mode, the condition that an actual pipeline is uniformly loaded can be completely simulated, and the comprehensive understanding of the performance of the pipeline by engineering personnel is facilitated.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. A test method for simulating uniform load of a pipeline in a deepwater environment is characterized by comprising the following steps
Step 100, a high-pressure cabin body capable of being filled with water is utilized, a test pipe fitting is placed in the high-pressure cabin body, two ends of the test pipe fitting are connected with movable cabin doors at two ends of the high-pressure cabin body through universal seats, a hydraulic device extending into the high-pressure cabin body through a hydraulic rod is installed above the high-pressure cabin body, a horizontal displacement transmission plate is installed at the end of the hydraulic rod, a spring group in contact with the middle of the test pipe fitting is installed on the displacement transmission plate in parallel, and a plurality of strain gauges for acquiring deformation information of the test pipe fitting are axially arranged on the test pipe fitting;
step 200, mounting a flexible plate attached to the surface of a test pipe fitting at the end part of each spring in a spring group, gradually reducing the rigidity of each spring in the spring group from the middle to two sides and distributing the rigidity in a triangular load manner, mounting a water pressure sensor in a high-pressure cabin body, mounting a displacement sensor and an acceleration sensor on each spring respectively, and mounting a control system for acquiring the information of each sensor inside and controlling a hydraulic device outside the high-pressure cabin body;
step 300, after water with preset pressure is injected into the high-pressure cabin, starting a hydraulic device to apply a concentrated force to a displacement transfer plate, uniformly dispersing the concentrated force onto the test pipe fitting from a spring group by the displacement transfer plate, stopping loading of the hydraulic device after the spring group reaches a preset load, and continuing injecting water and pressurizing into the high-pressure cabin until a preset test value is reached or the test pipe fitting is damaged;
and 400, in the water injection and pressure application processes, the control system acquires data of each part in the test process through each sensor and controls the test process, and after the test purpose is achieved, the water in the high-pressure cabin is drained and the test pipe fitting is taken out, so that the whole test is completed.
2. The test method according to claim 1,
in the step 200, the displacement of each spring is calculated by calculating the displacement of the middle part of the test pipe fitting, and the stiffness of each spring can be determined according to the displacement, and the specific process is as follows:
F＝F1+F2+F3+F4+F5
F3＝2F2＝2F4＝4F1＝4F5
Fn＝Kn×Un
wherein U is the maximum displacement distance of the middle part of the predicted test pipe fitting, H is the length of the flexible plate, E is the elastic modulus of the test pipe fitting, I is the inertia moment of the test pipe fitting, L is the total length of the test pipe fitting, F is the sum of equivalent effects, and FnRespectively, the concentrated force generated by the spring after deformation, F1-F5Indicating the force generated by the spring from left to right, KnIs the spring rate.
3. The test method according to claim 1,
the high-pressure cabin body is cylindrical and horizontally arranged, movable cabin doors are installed at two ends of the high-pressure cabin body, a water inlet valve and an exhaust valve are arranged at the upper part of the high-pressure cabin body, and a drain valve is installed at the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body.
4. The test method according to claim 3,
the universal seat comprises flanges respectively fixed with two ends of the test pipe fitting, a connecting seat fixed with the inner surface of the cabin door, and hinged supports respectively connected with the connecting seat and the flanges; the hinge support comprises a connecting ball and a switching flange, wherein the connecting ball can extend into the cavity and is limited to be separated by the sealing cover, and the switching flange is fixedly connected with the connecting ball.
5. The test method according to claim 1,
the number of springs in the spring group is 5 ~ 9, and cover length and include at least the bending section of experimental pipe fitting.
6. The test method according to claim 5,
the elastic piece is an arc-shaped flexible plate, the arc-shaped angle of the elastic piece is the same as the surface radian of the test pipe fitting, and the flexible plates are respectively attached to the pipe body of the test pipe fitting along the axial direction of the test pipe fitting.
7. The test method according to claim 6,
the flexible plates are mutually connected through pin shafts to achieve load transmission, a hollow single pipeline is installed at one axial end of each flexible plate, two hollow pipelines which are arranged at intervals are installed at the other end of each flexible plate, the interval distance between the two pipelines is the same as the length of the single pipeline, and the adjacent flexible parts are connected together through the pin shafts which are inserted into the three pipelines simultaneously.
8. The test method according to claim 7,
the flexible plate is close to the spring one side is installed the spring fixing base of fixed spring tip, is provided with the confession on the spring fixing base spring tip male spring hole.
9. The test method according to claim 1,
the spacing distance of the strain gauges is 10 meters, and each strain gauge is connected with an external strain acquisition instrument through a lead.
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| CN113533028A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-22 | 天津大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom elastic rotation constraint simulation system |
| WO2024036646A1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-22 | 四川汉舟电气股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and device for measuring strength of underframe of electrical cabin, and storage medium |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113533028A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-10-22 | 天津大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom elastic rotation constraint simulation system |
| WO2024036646A1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-22 | 四川汉舟电气股份有限公司 | Method, apparatus and device for measuring strength of underframe of electrical cabin, and storage medium |
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