CN112577040A - Ignition starting method for fluidized combustion furnace - Google Patents
Ignition starting method for fluidized combustion furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112577040A CN112577040A CN202011026019.5A CN202011026019A CN112577040A CN 112577040 A CN112577040 A CN 112577040A CN 202011026019 A CN202011026019 A CN 202011026019A CN 112577040 A CN112577040 A CN 112577040A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009781 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000009125 Myrtillocactus geometrizans Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ignition starting method of a fluidized combustion furnace, which is characterized in that an ignition bottom material generally consists of furnace slag, bottom material particles generally need to be below 8mm, and the distribution of large and small particles in the bottom material needs to be proper, so that small particles are used as an initial ignition source, and large particles are used for maintaining bed temperature in a later period; firstly, putting appropriate firewood or charcoal on the surface of a material layer to burn, flattening the surface of a charcoal fire layer when the firewood or charcoal is burned to enable the charcoal fire layer on the surface to reach 120mm of 100-; the ignition bed charge is uniformly heated: the air distribution is not easy to coke, and the coal feeding and air distribution in the deflagration period are easy to master.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot blast stoves, in particular to an ignition starting method of a fluidized combustion furnace.
Background
Coal is one of main energy structures in China, the proportion of coal in energy consumption structures in China is always over 60% in recent years, and environmental pollution and waste caused by coal use become very concerned. Fluidized combustion is a high-efficiency and low-pollution combustion technology, and is rapidly developed and popularized at home and abroad.
Fluidized combustion is a combustion device in which fuel is fluidized, and the fluidized combustion furnace has the following characteristics:
(1) wide fuel adaptability
The fluidized combustion furnace with different designs can burn low-calorific-value inferior coal, coal gangue, coal slime, coal slag, oil shale and the like.
(2) The combustion efficiency is higher
Smaller dust particles are completely burnt out before flying out of a hearth along with flue gas, larger coal particles are broken through combustion and mutual friction in a dense-phase area until the particle diameter is reduced to a corresponding value and can escape along with the flue gas, larger particles stay in the dense-phase area to continue combustion, sufficient time is provided for particle burning-out, and operation data show that the slag combustible matter of the combustion furnace is only about 3 percent, and the combustion efficiency reaches more than 95 percent.
(3) In-furnace dry desulfurization
The low-temperature combustion (about 900 ℃) of the fluidized bed is characterized in that the natural limestone has the optimal desulfurization temperature in the furnace, and the ultra-low-speed fluidization design ensures that the limestone stays in the furnace for a long time and the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas has sufficient contact time with a desulfurizer.
(4) Low Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) emission
The low emission of nitrogen oxides is another very characteristic of the fluidized bed furnace, the combustion temperature is generally controlled to be about 900 ℃, no NOx can be generated under the environment, meanwhile, the nitrogen in the fuel is inhibited to be converted into NOx due to the sectional combustion, and part of the generated NOx is reduced.
(5) The fuel pretreatment and coal supply system is simple.
(6) The load adjusting range is large, and the load adjusting speed of the fluidized bed combustion furnace is extremely fast and can reach more than 10 percent per minute generally.
(7) The comprehensive utilization of ash slag is easy to realize, the combustion process of the fluidized bed combustion furnace belongs to low-temperature combustion, the ash slag activity is good, and the utilization value is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the related art, the present invention provides an ignition start-up method for a fluidized bed combustion furnace to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems in the related art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a fluidized combustion furnace ignition starting method adopts the scheme as follows:
preparation of ignition base material
The common ignition bed charge is composed of slag, the bed charge particles are generally required to be below 8mm, the distribution of large and small particles in the bed charge is required to be proper, the small particles are used as an initial ignition source, the large particles are used for maintaining the bed temperature in the later period, and the following table is the recommended value of the ignition screening bed charge:
recommended value of ignition screening bed charge
| Extent of sifting (mm) | 5 or more | 2.5-5 | 1-2.5 | 0.5-1 | 0.5 or less |
| Bottom material sieve ratio (%) | 5-15 | 12-25 | 25-35 | 15-25 | 5-15 |
Ignition of (II) fluidized bed combustion furnace
1. Cold ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
Firstly, putting appropriate firewood or charcoal on the surface of a material layer to burn, when burning the firewood or charcoal to enable the charcoal fire layer on the surface to reach 100 plus 120mm, taking out unburnt timber, leveling the surface of the charcoal fire layer, then uniformly scattering a little ignition bituminous coal on the surface of the charcoal fire layer in the furnace, slightly opening an air door after starting a feeding fan and a draught fan, feeding a small amount of air into the furnace, expanding the charcoal fire layer, starting ignition bituminous coal on the surface to ignite and burn, emitting blue flame, slightly loosening the surface of the charcoal fire layer by using a hook, gradually increasing the air volume according to the fire potential, continuously scattering bituminous coal into the furnace, continuously increasing the temperature in the bed, gradually transiting to a fluidized combustion state, when the temperature reaches 650 plus 700 ℃, starting a coal feeder, opening coal distribution air to slowly feed coal into the furnace, and simultaneously controlling the manual coal feeding amount according to the trend of the boiling temperature, closing an ignition furnace door after the temperature becomes stable, gradually increasing the air supply and coal supply amount according to the principle of air-coal ratio, and completing ignition when the upper and lower boiling temperatures are stabilized at 850-950 ℃;
2. hot ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The thermal state starting refers to the starting of the combustion furnace when the bed temperature is 400-: stopping the air supply and the draught fan if the bed temperature descends, uniformly scattering a little of ignition bituminous coal on the surface, and restarting after 2-3 minutes;
(III) fluidized bed combustion furnace fire suppression spare
1. Fire suppression spare of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The main steps of a normal fire suppression operation are: stopping feeding coal, stopping all the induced draft fans when the bed temperature is reduced to below 750 ℃, quickly closing the air door to prevent the bed temperature from rapidly reducing so as to prolong the fire suppression standby time, and after the material layer is static, scattering a layer of fine coal particles on the material layer, and specifically operating: and (3) opening the furnace door after the air blower is stopped for about 20 minutes, paving a layer of coal with the thickness of 10-60mm on the material layer according to the length of the fire suppression time, and then closing the furnace door, wherein the longest fire suppression time can be more than 20 hours, and the restarting after the fire suppression is hot starting.
Further, the proportion of the ignition primer large particles is not more than 10%.
Further, the height of the ignition primer layer is preferably between 350 and 450 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ignition bed charge is uniformly heated: the air distribution is not easy to coke, and the coal feeding and air distribution in the deflagration period are easy to master.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for start-up of a fluidized bed combustion furnace ignition is provided.
The ignition starting method of the fluidized combustion furnace according to the embodiment of the invention has the following scheme:
preparation of ignition base material
Generally, the ignition base material consists of slag (the carbon content is less than 5 percent, the size and the uniformity of base material particles directly influence the difficulty, the success or failure and the economy of ignition, if the granularity of the base material is too coarse, the base material can be fluidized by larger air volume when the ignition is started, more ignition heat can be taken away by the air volume, the temperature rise of the base material is difficult, the heating time is too long, if the base material is too fine, a large number of fine particles can be taken away by smoke gas in the starting process, the material layer is thinned to cause local blowing-through, the ignition process is difficult to control and coking is easy to cause, the base material particles in practical application are generally required to be below 8mm, if the condition is better below 6mm, in addition, the distribution of large and small particles in the base material is proper, not only small particles (less than 1mm) are used as an initial ignition source, but also large particles are used for maintaining the bed temperature in a later period, but the proportion of the large particles is not, and coking in the bed is easy to occur, and the following table is the recommended value of the ignition screening bed charge:
recommended value of ignition screening bed charge
| Extent of sifting (mm) | 5 or more | 2.5-5 | 1-2.5 | 0.5-1 | 0.5 or less |
| Bottom material sieve ratio (%) | 5-15 | 12-25 | 25-35 | 15-25 | 5-15 |
The height of the ignition bed charge should not be too high or too low, and the bed of material is too high, can make heating time prolong, easily causes the heating uneven: the material layer is blown through when being too low, so that the air distribution is uneven and coking is caused, the coal feeding and air distribution in the deflagration period are not easy to master, and the height of the selected layer is more suitable between 350 and 450mm in combination with the resistance characteristic test of the material layer. Note the drying of the ignition primer.
Ignition of (II) fluidized bed combustion furnace
1. Cold ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The cold start refers to the ignition start before the start when the initial temperature of the equipment and the internal working medium is the same as the ambient temperature.
Firstly, the surface of the material layer is put with proper firewood or charcoal to burn, and the amount of the added firewood and the burning time are determined according to the specific situation. When the charcoal fire layer on the surface of the wood or charcoal is 100-120mm, unburnt wood can be taken out, the surface of the charcoal fire layer is leveled, then a little ignition bituminous coal is uniformly scattered on the surface of the charcoal fire layer in the furnace, after the air supply and draft fan is started, the air door is slightly opened, a little air is supplied into the furnace, at the moment, the charcoal fire layer expands, the ignition bituminous coal on the surface starts to ignite and burn, and blue flame is emitted. At the moment, the surface of the charcoal fire layer can be loosened slightly by using a hook, the air quantity is gradually increased according to the fire, and the bituminous coal is continuously scattered into the furnace, so that the temperature in the bed is continuously increased, and the bed is gradually transited to a fluidized combustion state. When the temperature reaches 650 plus materials and 700 ℃, a coal feeder can be started, coal distribution air is opened to slowly feed coal into the furnace, meanwhile, the manual coal feeding amount is controlled according to the trend of the lower boiling temperature, especially, the negative pressure of the furnace chamber is noticed to prevent positive pressure fire injection from hurting people, after the positive pressure fire injection tends to be stable, an ignition furnace door is closed, the air supply and coal feeding amount is gradually increased according to the principle of air-coal ratio, and the ignition is finished when the upper and lower boiling temperatures are stabilized at 850 plus materials and 950 ℃.
2. Hot ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The thermal state starting refers to the starting of the combustion furnace when the bed temperature is 400-: if the bed temperature is down, the air supply and the draught fan are stopped, then a little of ignition bituminous coal is uniformly scattered on the surface, and the machine is restarted after 2-3 minutes.
3. Problem to be noticed at ignition
For the ignition to be successful, the following problems need to be noted:
(1) controlling the ratio of wind to coal: the air quantity is small when the coal is started to catch fire, as long as the bubbling state is ensured, and when a certain coal supply quantity is reached: the bed temperature can be reduced by increasing the air distribution quantity, the bed temperature can be increased by reducing the air distribution quantity, normal coal feeding can be considered when the bed temperature reaches 800 ℃, and meanwhile, the air quantity is flexibly adjusted to prevent overtemperature coking.
(2) Bed temperature adjustment: the fluidization height and quality uniformity are noted, and for this reason, the bed layer should be heated uniformly by short-time fluidization or flame hooking in the heating process except for proper air blowing, so as to prevent dead materials from coking. The short-term fluidization (also called loosening or rolling) generally needs to be repeated for many times, and in addition, after coal feeding is started, proper slag tapping is carried out at the pressure of more than or equal to 4500PA in the air chamber of the main bed.
(III) fluidized bed combustion furnace fire suppression spare
1. Fire suppression spare of fluidized bed combustion furnace
A firepress is a hot standby mode typically used in situations where a shut down is planned and is ready to be restarted within a few hours. For short-term accident first-aid repair, a fire suppression mode is also commonly adopted for short-term power failure, the fire suppression time is generally different from several hours to one or twenty hours, and for long-term hot standby, the problem can be solved by adopting a mode of fire suppression starting and then fire suppression. The main steps of a normal fire suppression operation are: stopping feeding coal, stopping all the induced draft fans when the bed temperature is lower than 750 deg.C, quickly closing the air door to prevent bed temperature from quickly reducing so as to prolong the stand-by time of fire suppression, and after the material bed is static, scattering a layer of fine coal particles on the material bed. The method comprises the following specific operations: and (3) opening the furnace door after the air blower is stopped for about 20 minutes, paving a layer of coal with the thickness of 10-60mm on the material layer according to the length of the fire suppression time, and then closing the furnace door, wherein the longest fire suppression time can be more than 20 hours, and the restarting after the fire suppression is hot starting.
2. Blow-out of fluidized bed combustion furnace
Normally shutting down the furnace: stopping coal feeding, and stopping blowing and closing the air door by the draught fan when the furnace temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃.
Emergency furnace shutdown: stopping coal feeding, and stopping blowing and closing the air door of the draught fan when the furnace temperature is reduced to below 750 ℃.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A fluidized combustion furnace ignition starting method is characterized in that the scheme is as follows:
preparation of ignition base material
The common ignition bed charge is composed of slag, the bed charge particles are generally required to be below 8mm, the distribution of large and small particles in the bed charge is required to be proper, the small particles are used as an initial ignition source, the large particles are used for maintaining the bed temperature in the later period, and the following table is the recommended value of the ignition screening bed charge:
recommended value of ignition screening bed charge
Ignition of (II) fluidized bed combustion furnace
1. Cold ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
Firstly, putting appropriate firewood or charcoal on the surface of a material layer to burn, when burning the firewood or charcoal to enable the charcoal fire layer on the surface to reach 100 plus 120mm, taking out unburnt timber, leveling the surface of the charcoal fire layer, then uniformly scattering a little ignition bituminous coal on the surface of the charcoal fire layer in the furnace, slightly opening an air door after starting a feeding fan and a draught fan, feeding a small amount of air into the furnace, expanding the charcoal fire layer, starting ignition bituminous coal on the surface to ignite and burn, emitting blue flame, slightly loosening the surface of the charcoal fire layer by using a hook, gradually increasing the air volume according to the fire potential, continuously scattering bituminous coal into the furnace, continuously increasing the temperature in the bed, gradually transiting to a fluidized combustion state, when the temperature reaches 650 plus 700 ℃, starting a coal feeder, opening coal distribution air to slowly feed coal into the furnace, and simultaneously controlling the manual coal feeding amount according to the trend of the boiling temperature, closing an ignition furnace door after the temperature becomes stable, gradually increasing the air supply and coal supply amount according to the principle of air-coal ratio, and completing ignition when the upper and lower boiling temperatures are stabilized at 850-950 ℃;
2. hot ignition start-up of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The thermal state starting refers to the starting of the combustion furnace when the bed temperature is 400-: stopping the air supply and the draught fan if the bed temperature descends, uniformly scattering a little of ignition bituminous coal on the surface, and restarting after 2-3 minutes;
(III) fluidized bed combustion furnace fire suppression spare
1. Fire suppression spare of fluidized bed combustion furnace
The main steps of a normal fire suppression operation are: stopping feeding coal, stopping all the induced draft fans when the bed temperature is reduced to below 750 ℃, quickly closing the air door to prevent the bed temperature from rapidly reducing so as to prolong the fire suppression standby time, and after the material layer is static, scattering a layer of fine coal particles on the material layer, and specifically operating: and (3) opening the furnace door after the air blower is stopped for about 20 minutes, paving a layer of coal with the thickness of 10-60mm on the material layer according to the length of the fire suppression time, and then closing the furnace door, wherein the longest fire suppression time can be more than 20 hours, and the restarting after the fire suppression is hot starting.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the ignition primer large particles is not more than 10%.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the ignition primer layer is preferably between 350 and 450 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011026019.5A CN112577040A (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2020-09-25 | Ignition starting method for fluidized combustion furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011026019.5A CN112577040A (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2020-09-25 | Ignition starting method for fluidized combustion furnace |
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| CN112577040A true CN112577040A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114947166A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-30 | 贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司 | Biomass baking deflagration-proof method |
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2020
- 2020-09-25 CN CN202011026019.5A patent/CN112577040A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114947166A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-30 | 贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司 | Biomass baking deflagration-proof method |
| CN114947166B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-05-30 | 贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司 | Biomass baking explosion-proof method |
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