CN112574174A - 蛋白降解靶向嵌合体类化合物及其制备方法和医药用途 - Google Patents
蛋白降解靶向嵌合体类化合物及其制备方法和医药用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112574174A CN112574174A CN202011012313.0A CN202011012313A CN112574174A CN 112574174 A CN112574174 A CN 112574174A CN 202011012313 A CN202011012313 A CN 202011012313A CN 112574174 A CN112574174 A CN 112574174A
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- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000575 trastuzumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- 229940121358 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005483 tyrosine kinase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005112 urinary bladder cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蛋白降解靶向嵌合体类化合物及其制备方法和医药用途。具体而言,本发明涉及一种通式(I)所示的化合物及其制备方法,以及其作为PPMTase蛋白降解剂的用途,特别是在预防和/或治疗人类癌症中的用途。其中,通式(I)中各基团的定义与说明书中的定义相同。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一种新型蛋白降解靶向嵌合体(PROTAC)类化合物、其制备方法及含有其的药物组合物,以及其作为PPMTase蛋白降解剂化合物的用途,特别是在预防和/或治疗癌症中的应用。
背景技术
泛素(Ubiquitin),一种小蛋白分子,由76个氨基酸残基所组成,分子量约8.5kDa,具有高度保守的序列并且广泛存在于真核生物体中。真核生物中编码泛素的基因以串联重复(Tandem repeat)的方式排列,其八个不同的氨基酸残基能够在靶蛋白上形成复杂的多泛素链。泛素化(Ubiquitination)是指泛素分子在一系列特殊的酶作用下,将细胞内的蛋白质分类,从中选出靶蛋白分子,对靶蛋白进行特异性修饰的过程,形成靶蛋白多聚泛素链。这些特殊的酶包括泛素活化酶(E1)、泛素结合酶(E2)、泛素连结酶(E3)等。泛素化是一个三酶级联反应,即需要有由三个酶催化的一系列反应的发生,整个过程也被称为泛素化信号通路。泛素化在蛋白质的定位、代谢、功能、调节和降解中起重要作用,蛋白质泛素化是生物体内一种常见的翻译后修饰,同时参与细胞周期、增殖、凋亡、分化、转移等几乎一切生命活动的调控。泛素化与肿瘤、心血管、自身免疫等疾病的发病密切相关,泛素化成为研究和开发新药物的新靶点。
蛋白降解靶向嵌合体(PROTAC)技术是药物研发领域的一个新兴方向。传统小分子的作用是直接调控阻断蛋白质或酶的活性来治疗疾病,往往需要高的靶蛋白结合力和抑制活性,而癌细胞可以通过基因突变引起靶蛋白结构变异或构型改变而出现获得性耐药性。PROTAC平台技术是一个双功能杂合化合物,一边用来结合目标蛋白,另一边用来结合一个E3连接酶,使得目标蛋白可以与E3连接酶结合,把目标蛋白泛素化,从而被蛋白酶降解。
ras基因广泛存在于各种真核生物如哺乳类、果蝇、真菌、线虫及酵母中,具有重要的生理功能。哺乳动物的ras基因家族有H-ras、K-ras、N-ras三个成员,分别定位在11、12和1号染色体上,其中K-ras有A、B两种变异体。ras基因具有相似的结构,均有四个外显子,除了K-ras B由188个氨基酸组成外,其他Ras蛋白均含有189个氨基酸,编码蛋白为相对分子量21kd。Ras蛋白为膜结合型的GTP/GDP结合蛋白,定位于细胞膜内侧,Ras蛋白羧基端为保守的CAAX四肽结构,其中Cys残基上加上一个类异戊二烯基团被法尼基化。Ras蛋白调节细胞生长,分化和凋亡。HRAS是1982年在T24膀胱癌细胞中报道突变的第一个人类致癌基因,KRAS基因突变与肺癌、胰脏癌和大肠癌的发生有着密切的关系如52%的肺腺癌病人有KRAS基因的突变,Ras是癌症发生和耐药性的主要驱动力,但临床上仍缺乏RAS抑制剂。RAS蛋白是二元分子开关,其在活性鸟苷三磷酸(GTP)结合和无活性鸟苷二磷酸(GDP)结合状态之间循环,这种转换机制在GDP/GTP结合蛋白中是高度保守的。通过鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)刺激从稳定的,无活性的GDP结合形式向活性GTP结合形式的转化。转换回无活性形式由GTP酶活化蛋白(GAP)介导。GEF和GAP是多结构域蛋白质,能够与控制活性和非活性RAS水平的其他蛋白质,脂质和调节分子进行多种相互作用,而且RAS蛋白通过募集到质膜激活效应子。
PPMTase是一种催化法尼基基团在不同分子间发生转移的异二聚体转移酶,其靶向Ras蛋白并在其上连接法尼基基团,这种Ras蛋白定位于细胞膜后,具有诱导细胞各种生长和增殖途径活化的能力。突变的Ras过度激活可能导致癌症的发展。PPMTase催化正常的和突变的Ras基因翻译后修饰的起始步骤,从而促进其与细胞膜的连接。PPMTase的抑制是限制突变型Ras蛋白活性的主要步骤。因此,PPMTase已成为抗癌剂的新靶标。不同的PPMTase抑制剂如Salirasib、Tipifarnib(R115777)、Lonafarnib、SCH66336、BMS-214662、CP-609,754、L-778123、FGTI-2734和FTI-276等临床前体内体外实验都呈现出好的抑制活性,而且有的化合物已在临床开发的不同阶段。Salirasib是一种有效的口服RAS抑制剂,可竞争性地阻断RAS蛋白的膜缔合,抑制Ras依赖性肿瘤细胞的生长。Salirasib I期多剂量临床试验研究发现在日本复发/难治性实体瘤患者中安全且耐受良好,尽管具有KRAS突变的参与者数量有限,但初步结果显示无进展期非常长,值得进一步研究(Furuse J等,CancerChemother Pharmacol.2018;82(3):511-519)。
本发明人在研究开发新一代PPMTase抑制剂的过程中,意外的发现具有双功能的本发明化合物不但能够有效的抑制RAS异常表达肿瘤细胞体外生长,同时可引起PPMTase靶蛋白的降解,特别是与对照化合物Salirasib相比,本发明化合物无论在活性或毒副作用都具有明显的优势,将是一种具有开发价值的PPMTase蛋白降解和抑制酶活性的双功能潜在药物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种特异性好、活性高、毒性低具有PPMTase蛋白降解和酶活性抑制的双功能的化合物。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
E选自以下结构:
L连接苯环和E,且选自以下结构:
其中:
X1、X2、X3和X4各自独立地选自CQ1或N;Z1与苯环相连;
Z2与X1、X2、X3或X4相连,且只与其中一个相连;
Z1和Z2各自独立地选自CH2、O、S、NR2、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-;
W1、W2、W3和W4各自独立地选自CH2、O、S、NR2、C(O)NH-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-和-NHS(O)q-;
G选自单键、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自独立地任选进一步被选自Q2基团的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R2选自氢或烷基;
R1选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述氨基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
Q1和Q2基团各自独立地选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述氨基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
q为0、1或2;
n1、n2、n3、n4和n5各自独立地为0至15的整数;
m1、m2、m3和m4各自独立地为0至15的整数。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
E选自以下结构:
X1、X2、X3或X4各自独立地选自CQ1,优选CH;
X1、X2、X3或X4有且只有一个与Z2连接;
Q1选自氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代基、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基和杂环基,所述氨基、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基和杂环基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
E选自以下结构:
其中,E与Z2相连;
Q1选自氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代基、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基;优选Q1为氢。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
Z1与苯环相连,Z2与E基团相连;
Z1和Z2各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-;
W1和W2各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、C(O)NH-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-和-NHS(O)q-;
R2选自氢或烷基;
q为0、1或2;
n1、n2、n3、n4和n5各自独立地为0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
Z1选自-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-,优选-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-;
Z2选自NH;
q为1或2。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
W1和W2各自独立地选自O或S。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
n1为1至6的整数,优选2至6的整数,更优选2;
n2为1至6的整数,优选1至3的整数,更优选1或2;
n3、n4、n5为0或1,优选0。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
其中:
Z1与苯环相连,Z2与E基团相连;
Z1和Z2各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-;
W3和W4各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、C(O)NH-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-和-NHS(O)q-;
G选自杂环基和杂芳基,所述杂环基和杂芳基各自独立地任选进一步被选自Q2基团的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R2选自氢或烷基;
Q2选自氢、卤素、羟基、巯基、烷基、烷氧基,所述烷基、烷氧基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
m1、m2、m3和m4各自独立地为0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
n5选自0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
n1、n2、n3和n4各自独立地为0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
R2选自氢或烷基;
n1、n3和n4各自独立地为0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基和环烷基;优选氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基和卤代烷氧基;更优选氢。
根据本发明的一个具体的实施方案,根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
E选自以下结构:
L选自以下结构:
其中,
Z1与苯环相连,Z2与E基团相连;
Q1选自氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代基、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基;优选Q1为氢;
Z1选自-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-,优选-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-;
Z2选自NH;
W1和W2各自独立地选自O或S;
R1为氢;
q为1或2。
n1为1至6的整数,优选2至6的整数,更优选2;
n2为1至6的整数,优选1至3的整数,更优选1或2;
n3、n4、n5为0或1,优选0。
本发明典型的化合物包括但不限于以下化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明进一步涉及一种根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学可接受的盐的制备方法,其包括以下步骤::
化合物M1和化合物M2通过亲核取代反应、缩合反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald反应或Mitsunobu反应得到通式(I)的化合物;
其中:
L’选自
其中Z1与苯环相连;
J1选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基、被保护的氨基如Cbz、Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Teoc、Pht、Tos、Tfa、Bn、Trt、PMB保护的氨基,或被保护的羧基如通过叔丁酯、烯丙酯、三苯甲酯、二苯甲酯、TBS、炔丙酯、对甲氧基苄基酯保护的羧基;优选-NH2或-NHBoc;
J2选自卤素、羟基、氨基和羧基,优选卤素;
R1、L、E、Z1、W1、W2、W3、W4、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5如前所定义。
本发明另外涉及一种药物组合物,其包含根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
本发明进一步涉及根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含其的药物组合物,在制备PPMTase的双功能抑制剂中的用途。
本发明进一步涉及根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含其的药物组合物,在制备用于预防和/或治疗哺乳动物包括人类中癌症的药物中的用途,所述癌症优选为RAS表达异常的非实体瘤如白血病和实体瘤如皮肤癌、黑色素瘤、肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、肝癌或结肠癌。
在一个优选的实施方案中,根据本发明所述的用途,其中根据本发明所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者包含其的药物组合物可以与另外一种或多种癌症治疗药物或者癌症治疗方法联合应用。
具体实施方式
除非另有规定,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本领域技术人员的通常理解相同含义。所有专利、申请、公开的申请和其他出版物均以全部内容并入作为参考。倘若对于本文使用的术语有多个定义,除非另有说明,以本节中的为准。如果任何给定取代基的数量没有规定,则可以存在一个或多个取代基。例如“卤代烷基”可以含有一个或多个相同或不同的卤素。在本文的描述中,如果化学结构和化学名称彼此矛盾时,则是以其化学结构为准。当在本文使用时,对于任何保护基团、氨基酸和其他化合物的缩写,除非另有说明,以其常用的公认缩写表示,或根据IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature表示(参见Biochem.1972,77:942-944)。
除非有相反陈述,否则下列用在说明书和权利要求书中的术语具有下述含义。
术语“烷基”指包括1至20个碳原子的饱和直链或支链脂族烃基团,优选包含1至18个碳原子,更优选包含1至10个碳原子,更优选包含1至6个碳原子,甚至更优选包含1至4个碳原子。烷基的非限定性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、己基、异己基、正庚基、异庚基、正辛基、异辛基、正壬基、正癸基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“亚烷基”指包括1至20个碳原子的饱和直链或支链脂肪族烃基团,其具有2个从母体烷的相同碳原子或两个不同的碳原子上除去两个氢原子所衍生的残基,优选含有1至12个碳原子,更优选含有1至6个碳原子。亚烷基的非限制性实例包括但不限于亚甲基(-CH2-)、1,1-亚乙基(-CH(CH3)-)、1,2-亚乙基(-CH2CH2)-、1,1-亚丙基(-CH(CH2CH3)-)、1,2-亚丙基(-CH2CH(CH3)-)、1,3-亚丙基(-CH2CH2CH2-)、1,4-亚丁基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2-)和1,5-亚丁基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-)等。
术语“烯基”指由碳和氢原子组成的含有至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链烃基团,并通过单键或双键与分子的其余部分连接,优选具有2至10个碳原子,更优选具有2至6个碳原子,甚至更优选具有2至4个碳原子。烯基的非限定性实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、戊二烯基、己烯基等。烯基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“炔基”指由碳原子和氢原子组成的含有至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链烃基团,并通过单键或三键与分子的其余部分连接,优选具有2至10个碳原子,更优选具有2至6个碳原子,甚至更优选具有2至4个碳原子。炔基的非限定性实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基等。炔基可以是取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃基团,其包括3至20个碳原子,优选包括3至12个碳原子,更优选包含3至10个碳原子,最优选包含3至7个碳原子。单环环烷基的非限定性实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环庚三烯基、环辛基等。多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。环烷基可以是任选取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“螺环烷基”指5至20元的单环之间共用一个碳原子(称螺原子)的多环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据环与环之间共用螺原子的数目将螺环烷基分为单螺环烷基、双螺环烷基或多螺环烷基,优选为单螺环烷基和双螺环烷基。更优选为4元/4元、4元/5元、4元/6元、5元/5元或5元/6元单螺环烷基。螺环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
术语“稠环烷基”指5至20元,系统中的每个环与体系中的其他环共享毗邻的一对碳原子的全碳多环基团,其中一个或多个环可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环稠环烷基,优选为双环或三环,更优选为5元/5元或5元/6元双环烷基。稠环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
术语“桥环烷基”指5至20元,任意两个环共用两个不直接连接的碳原子的全碳多环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环桥环烷基,优选为双环、三环或四环,更有选为双环或三环。桥环烷基的非限制性实例包括:
所述环烷基环可以稠合于芳基、杂芳基或杂环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为环烷基,非限制性实例包括茚满基、四氢萘基、苯并环庚烷基等。
术语“烷氧基”指-O-(烷基)和-O-(非取代的环烷基),其中烷基和环烷基的定义如上所述。烷氧基的非限制性实例包括:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基。烷氧基可以是任选取代的或非取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,其独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、巯基、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、羧基、或羧酸酯基。
术语“杂环基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃基团,其包括3至20个环原子,其中一个或多个环原子选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是0至2的整数)的杂原子,但不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-的环部分,其余环原子为碳。杂环基环优选包含3至12个环原子,其中1至4个是杂原子;更优选包含3至8个环原子,其中1至3个是杂原子;最优选包含5至7个环原子,其中1至2或1至3个是杂原子。单环杂环基的非限定性实例包含吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、高哌嗪基、吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、氮杂环庚烷基等。多环杂环基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的杂环基。杂环基可以是任选取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代,优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氧代基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“螺杂环基”指5至20元的单环之间共用一个原子(称螺原子)的多环杂环基团,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据环与环之间共用螺原子的数目将螺杂环基分为单螺杂环基、双螺杂环基或多螺杂环基,优选为单螺杂环基和双螺杂环基。更优选为4元/4元、4元/5元、4元/6元、5元/5元或5元/6元单螺杂环基。螺杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
术语“稠杂环基”指5至20元,系统中的每个环与体系中的其他环共享毗邻的一对原子的多环杂环基团,一个或多个环可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环稠杂环基,优选为双环或三环,更优选为5元/5元或5元/6元双环稠杂环基。稠杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
术语“桥杂环基”指5至14元,任意两个环共用两个不直接连接的原子的多环杂环基团,其可以含有一个或多个双键,但没有一个环具有完全共轭的π电子系统,其中一个或多个环原子为选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,其余环原子为碳。优选为6至14元,更优选为7至10元。根据组成环的数目可以分为双环、三环、四环或多环桥杂环基,优选为双环、三环或四环,更有选为双环或三环。桥杂环基的非限制性实例包括:
所述杂环基环可以稠合于芳基、杂芳基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂环基,其非限制性实例包括:
等。术语“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,优选为5至10元,更优选5至7元,甚至更优选苯基和萘基,最优选苯基。芳基可以是完全芳香族的基团,例如苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基等。芳基也可以含有芳香环与非芳香环的组合,例如,茚、芴和苊等。所述芳基环可以稠合于杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为芳基环,非限定性实例包含:
芳基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“杂芳基”指包含1至4个杂原子、5至14个环原子的杂芳族体系,其中杂原子选自氧、硫和氮。杂芳基优选为5至10元,更优选5至7元,甚至更优选为5元或6元,例如噻二唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、四唑基等。所述杂芳基环可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其中与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环,其非限制性实例包括:
杂芳基可以是任选取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基优选为一个或多个以下基团,独立地选自烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基氨基、卤素、硫醇、羟基、硝基、氰基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷氧基、杂环烷氧基、环烷硫基、杂环烷硫基、氨基、卤代烷基、羟烷基、羧基或羧酸酯基。
术语“卤代烷基”指其中一个或多个氢原子被卤素取代的烷基,其中烷基的定义如上所述。非限定性实例包括氯甲基、三氟甲基、1-氯-2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2-氟丙基、2-氟丙-2-基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1-二氟乙基、1,3-二氟-2-甲基丙基、2,2-二氟环丙基、(三氟甲基)环丙基、4,4-二氟环己基和2,2,2-三氟-1,1-二甲基-乙基。
术语“卤代烷氧基”指其中一个或多个氢原子被卤素取代的烷氧基,其中烷氧基的定义如上所述。
术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
术语“氨基”指-NH2。
术语“硝基”指-NO2。
术语“氰基”指-CN。
术语“羟基”指-OH基团。
术语“巯基”指-SH基团。
术语“羟烷基”指被羟基取代的烷基,其中烷基的定义如上所述。
术语“羟烷氧基”指被羟基取代的烷氧基,其中烷氧基的定义如上所述。
术语“氧代基”指=O基团。
术语“羧基”至-COOH基团。
术语“酰基”指-C(O)R,其中R指烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基,其中烷基、环烷基、烯基、炔基的定义如上所述。非限定性实例包括乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、己酰基、乙烯酰基、丙烯酰基。
术语“酰氨基”指-NHC(O)R或-C(O)NH2,其中R指烷基、烯基、炔基,其中烷基、烯基、炔基的定义如上所述。非限定性实例包括甲酰氨基、乙酰氨基、丙酰氨基、丁酰氨基、戊酰氨基、己酰氨基、乙烯酰氨基、丙烯酰氨基。
术语“酯基”指-C(O)OR,其中R指烷基或环烷基,其中烷基、环烷基的定义如上所述。非限定性实例包括乙酯基、丙酯基、丁酯基、戊酯基、环丙酯基、环丁酯基、环戊酯基、环己酯基。
“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述的事件或环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事件或环境发生或不发生的场合。例如,“任选被烷基取代的杂环基团”意味着烷基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括杂环基团被烷基取代的情形和杂环基团不被烷基取代的情形。
“取代的”指基团中的一个或多个氢原子,优选为最多5个,更优选为1~3个氢原子彼此独立地被相应数目的取代基取代。不言而喻,取代基仅处在它们的可能的化学位置,本领域技术人员能够在不付出过多努力的情况下确定(通过实验或理论)可能或不可能的取代。例如,具有游离氢的氨基或羟基与具有不饱和(如烯属)键的碳原子结合时可能是不稳定的。
“药物组合物”表示含有一种或多种本文所述化合物或其生理学上/可药用的盐或前体药物与其他化学组分的混合物,以及其他组分例如生理学/可药用的载体和赋形剂。药物组合物的目的是促进对生物体的给药,利于活性成分的吸收进而发挥生物活性。
“可药用盐”是指本发明化合物的盐,这类盐用于哺乳动物体内时具有安全性和有效性,且具有应有的生物活性。
“联合用药”是指为了达到治疗目的而采用的两种或两种以上药物同时、顺序或相继应用。
本发明化合物的合成方法
为了完成本发明化合物的目的,本发明主要采用如下合成方案制备本发明的通式(I)化合物。
本发明化合物的合成主要为以下方案:
步骤1)化合物M0和化合物M4通过亲核取代反应、缩合反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald反应或Mitsunobu反应等得到化合物M1;
步骤2)化合物M1和化合物M2通过亲核取代反应、缩合反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald反应或Mitsunobu反应等得到通式(I)化合物;
其中:
J-L”-J1选自
L’选自
其中Z1与苯环相连;
J选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基;
J1选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基、被保护的氨基或被保护的羧基;
J2选自卤素、羟基、氨基和羧基;
J3选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基;
其中的保护基为本领域公知的氨基或羧基保护基,氨基保护基例如苄氧羰基(Cbz)、叔丁氧羰基(Boc)、芴甲氧羰酰基(Fmoc)、烯丙氧羰基(Alloc)、三甲基硅乙氧羰基(Teoc)、甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、邻苯二甲酰基(Pht)、对甲苯磺酰基(Tos)、三氟乙酰基(Tfa)、邻(对)硝基苯磺酰基(Ns)、特戊酰基、苯甲酰基、三苯甲基(Trt)、2,4-二甲氧基苄基(Dmb)、对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、苄基(Bn);羧基的保护例如通过叔丁酯、烯丙酯、三苯甲酯、二苯甲酯、TBS、炔丙酯、对甲氧基苄基酯保护,或通过酰胺、酰肼的保护;
R1、L、E、Z1、W1、W2、W3、W4、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5如通式(I)中所定义。
本发明通式(I)所示的化合物在药学上可接受的盐,可以为酸加成盐或碱加成盐。酸可以为无机酸,包括但不限于:盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、氢溴酸;或可以为有机酸,包括但不限于:柠檬酸、马来酸、草酸,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、乙醇酸、苯甲酸、富马酸、三氟乙酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、乳酸、谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、水杨酸、丙酮酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对苯磺酸。碱可以为无机碱,包括但不限于:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙;或可以为有机碱,包括但不限于:氢氧化铵、三乙胺、N,N-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、氨、二乙醇胺和其他羟基烷基胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、普鲁卡因、N-苄基苯乙胺、精氨酸或赖氨酸;或可以为碱金属盐,包括但不限于:锂、钾和钠盐;或可以为碱土金属盐,包括但不限于:钡、钙和镁盐;或可以为过渡金属盐,包括但不限于锌盐;或其他金属盐,包括但不限于:磷酸氢钠和磷酸氢二钠。
本发明另一方面将通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐制备成临床上可使用的药用组合物。根据临床适应症,给药途径与方式,其药用制剂包括但不限于口服制剂如片剂、凝胶剂、软/硬胶囊、乳剂、分散性粉剂、颗粒剂、水/油悬乳剂;注射剂包括静脉注射剂、肌肉注射剂、腹腔注射剂、直肠给药栓剂、颅内注射剂,这些剂型可为水溶液也可为油类溶液;局部制剂包括霜剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、水/油溶液以及包合物制剂;吸入剂型包括细粉、液体气溶胶以及适合于体内植入的各种剂型。
本发明的药物组合物可以根据需要加入药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂以及助溶剂和增溶剂。这些载体、稀释剂或赋形剂应符合药物制剂制备工艺规则,与活性成分相兼容。固体口服制剂的载体包括但不限于甘露醇、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、纤维素、葡萄糖、蔗糖、环糊精以及促进肠吸收分子载体维生素E-PEG1000。口服制剂可加入适当的着色剂、甜味剂、矫味剂及防腐剂。其中本发明的药物可与环糊精直接进行包合形成固体包合物或水溶液。
如本领域技术人员所熟知的,药物的给药剂量依赖于多种因素,包括但并非限定于以下因素:所用具体化合物的活性、患者的年龄、患者的体重、患者的健康状况、患者的行为、患者的饮食、给药时间、给药方式、排泄的速率、药物的组合等;另外,最佳的治疗方式如治疗的模式、本发明化合物的日用量或可药用的盐的种类可以根据传统的治疗方案来验证。
本发明通式(I)所示的化合物或药学上可接受的盐,在上述癌症治疗中,可单独使用,或与临床上常规使用的放射疗法、化学疗法、免疫疗法、肿瘤疫苗、融瘤病毒、RNAi、癌症辅助治疗以及骨髓移植和干细胞移植的一个或多个方法联合治疗,其中包括但不限于以下抗肿瘤类药物和治疗方法:
1)烷化剂如顺铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂、苯丁酸氮芥、卡环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、替莫唑胺、白消安、亚硝基脲类。
2)抗肿瘤抗生素类如阿霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素C、放线菌素、光神霉素;抗有丝分裂药如长春新碱、长春碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、紫杉醇、泰索帝、Polo激酶抑制剂。
3)抗代谢和抗叶酸剂如氟嘧啶、雷甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、阿扎胞苷、地西他滨、替曲塞、羟基脲、IDH1/IDH2突变株抑制剂。
4)拓扑异构酶抑制剂如表鬼臼毒素、喜树碱、伊立替康。
5)细胞生长抑制剂如抗雌激素/抗雄激素类药物,如他莫昔芬、氟维司群、托瑞米芬、雷诺昔芬、屈诺昔芬、碘昔芬、比卡鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、醋酸环丙孕酮;
LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂如戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林、和布舍瑞林、孕激素类如醋酸甲地孕酮;
芳香酶抑制剂如阿那曲唑、来曲唑、伏罗唑、伊西美坦、5a-还原酶抑制剂如非那雄胺。
6)抗侵袭剂如c-Src激酶家族抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物受体功能的抑制剂或者类肝素酶的抗体。
7)生长功能的抑制剂如生长因子抗体和生长因子受体抗体如抗HER2抗体曲妥珠单抗、抗EGFR抗体帕尼单抗、抗EGFR抗体西妥昔单抗等;这种抑制剂还包括其它酪氨酸激酶抑制剂以及丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的抑制剂如Ras/Raf信号传导抑制剂,MEK和/或AKT激酶的细胞信号传导抑制剂、c-kit抑制剂、abl激酶抑制剂、PI3激酶抑制剂、JAKs和STAT3抑制剂、FLT3激酶抑制剂、CSF-1R激酶抑制剂、IGF受体激酶抑制剂,极光激酶抑制剂,NTRKA/B/C激酶抑制剂。
8)抗血管生成剂如抑制血管内皮生长因子作用的药剂贝伐珠单抗以及VEGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
9)表观遗传学(epigenetics)抑制剂如组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDACi)、DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂(DNMTi)、组蛋白乙酰转移酶抑制剂、组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂、组蛋白甲基转移酶抑制剂等。
10)聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶抑制剂(PARPi)如奥拉帕利(Olaparib)、瑞卡帕尼(Rucaparib)和尼拉帕尼(Niraparib)。
11)肿瘤免疫治疗法包括任何提高患者肿瘤细胞的免疫原性的体外和体内方法。如细胞因子IL-2、IL-4或者GM-CSF进行转染;降低T细胞无效能的方法如抗PD-1/PD-L单抗;使用转染的免疫细胞如细胞因子转染的树突状细胞的方法;使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的方法;降低免疫抑制性细胞如调节性T细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、或表达吲哚胺2,3-脱氧酶的树突状细胞的功能方法;提高免疫细胞活性的激动剂如STING以及肿瘤相关抗原蛋白类或肽类组成的癌症疫苗的方法。
12)嵌合抗原受体T细胞免疫疗(CAR-T)。
13)肿瘤基因治疗如CRISPR-Cas 9、RNAi、基因转导。
实施例
以下结合实施例进一步描述本发明,但这些实施例并非限制本发明的范围。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振(NMR)或/和质谱(MS)来确定的。NMR位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。NMR的测定是用(Bruker AVANCE-400)核磁仪,测定溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜(DMSO-d6)、氘代氯仿(CDCl3)、氘代甲醇(CD3OD),内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS)。
MS的测定用液相色谱质谱联用仪(Thermo,Ultimate3000/MSQ)。
HPLC的测定使用高压液相色谱仪(安捷伦1260Infinity,Gemini C18250×4.6mm,5u色谱柱)。
薄层色谱法(TLC)采用烟台黄海硅胶板HSGF245,薄层层析分析产品采用的规格是0.15mm~0.2mm,薄层层析分离纯化产品采用的规格是0.9mm~1.0mm。
柱层析色谱法一般采用烟台黄海200~300目硅胶为载体。
本发明的已知起始原料可以采用或按照本领域已知的方法来合成,或购买自上海达瑞精细化学品有限公司、上海泰坦科技股份有限公司、上海润捷化学试剂有限公司、TCI、Aldrich Chemical Company。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照原料或商品制造厂商所建议的条件。未注明具体来源的试剂,为市场购买的常规试剂。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应能够均在氩气氛或氮气氛下进行。氩气氛或氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氩气或氮气气球。
实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应的温度为室温,为20℃~30℃。
实施例1N-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基)-2-(3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺(1)的制备
步骤1:2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-4-氟-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(1a)的制备
于140℃,将3-氟酞酐(28g,168mmol)、3-氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮盐酸盐(27.74g,168mmol)和乙酸钠(16.5g,201.6mml)在420ml乙酸中搅拌14小时。将反应液降温至室温,有固体析出,过滤,滤饼用甲基叔丁基醚洗涤。鼓风干燥(60℃)8小时,得白色固体38g,产品无需纯化,直接用于下一步反应。
步骤2:1-溴-3,7,11-三甲基十二烷-2,6,10-三烯(1b)的制备
将1-羟基-3,7,11-三甲基十二烷-2,6,10-三烯(7.457g,33.5mmol)溶于无水THF(50mL)中,降温至0℃,加入PBr3(4.0g,14.8mmol),加毕,缓慢升温至室温搅拌3小时。将反应液减压浓缩,残余物加入150ml水,乙酸乙酯萃取(80ml×3)三次,有机相用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物(13.2g)。
步骤3:2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸甲酯(1c)的制备
于室温,将2-巯基-苯甲酸甲酯(4.0g,23.8mmol)溶解于THF(100mL)中,降温至0-5℃,分三批加入NaH(1.05g,26.2mmol),控温在5℃以下。加毕,于该温度搅拌30分钟。将化合物1b(6.78g,23.8mmol)溶解于20mlTHF中,滴加到反应体系中。滴毕,升温至室温搅拌4小时。将反应体系倒入冰水(200ml)中,乙酸乙酯萃取(80ml×3)三次,有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤(150ml×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得黄色油状物(9.95g)。
步骤4:2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸(1d)的制备
于室温,将化合物1c(4.0g,10.7mmol)溶解于乙醇(50mL)中,于该温度加入1MNaOH水溶液(23mL)。将反应体系加热回流搅拌16小时。反应液减压浓缩,残余物溶解于100ml水中,乙酸乙酯萃取(80ml)。水相用4M盐酸调节至pH=6-7,用乙酸乙酯萃取(100ml×3),有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤(150ml×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得黄色油状物(3.83g)。
步骤5:(2-{2-[2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(1e)的制备
于0℃,在100ml单颈瓶中,将化合物1d(500mg,1.4mmol)溶解于无水DCM(30mL)中,滴入草酰氯(530mg,4.2mmol),滴毕,缓慢升温至室温搅拌3小时。减压除去DCM,得到浅黄色油状物(530mg)。将此油状物溶解于二氯甲烷(30ml)中,于室温加入三乙胺(425mg,4.2mmol),降温至0-5℃。将化合物[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(287mg,1.4mmol)溶解于10ml二氯甲烷中,然后滴加到上述反应体系中,滴毕,升温至室温搅拌4小时。将反应液倒入水(30ml)中,二氯甲烷萃取(30ml×3)三次,有机相用饱和氯化钠洗涤(150ml×3),无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得黄色油状物(640mg)。
步骤6:N-[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙基]-2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺三氟乙酸盐(1f)的制备
于室温,将化合物1e(640mg,1.4mmol)溶于三氟乙酸/水混合溶液(v/v=1/1,10mL)中,搅拌1小时。将反应液减压浓缩,得到红棕色固体(640mg),直接用于下一步反应。
步骤7:N-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基)-2-(3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺(1)的制备
将化合物1f(320mg,0.6mmol)、化合物1a(163mg,0.6mmol)和三乙胺(131mg,1.3mmol)溶于DMSO(5mL)中,加热至90℃搅拌过夜。将反应液降至室温,然后倒入60ml水中,用乙酸乙酯150ml×2萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水100ml×2洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩。残余物通过柱层析色谱法(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/氨水甲醇(5%)=100:1-30:1)纯化,得到5mg黄色固体状的产物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.09(s,1H),8.27-8.15(m,1H),7.58-7.54(m,1H),7.49-7.45(m,1H),7.42-7.31(m,6H),7.02(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),6.61(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),5.03(dd,J=5.2,12.4Hz,1H),3.64-3.61(m,2H),3.59-3.56(m,2H),3.48-3.45(m,2H),3.42-3.39(m,2H),2.92-2.83(m,2H),2.02-1.96(m,3H),1.72-1.51(m,5H),1.33(s,3H),1.30(s,3H),1.26(s,3H),1.25(s,3H)。
LC-MS(ESI):701.3(M+H)+。
实施例2N-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基)-2-(3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺(2)的制备
与实施例1的制备方法相同,除了用4-氟酞酐代替步骤1中的3-氟酞酐,得到N-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基)-2-(3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.05(s,1H),8.29(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.48-7.32(m,5H),7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.22(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.00(s,1H),6.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.05-5.00(dd,J=5.2,12.8Hz,2H),4.66(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.62(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.55(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.49-3.45(m,2H),3.39-3.33(m,4H),2.95-2.84(m,3H),2.59-2.50(m,3H),2.01-1.86(m,8H),1.70-1.54(m,12H)。
LC-MS(ESI):701.3(M+H)+。
实施例3 2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸酯(3)的制备
步骤1:2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-4-[2-(2-羟基-乙氧基)-乙基氨基]-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(3a)的制备
将化合物1a(2.0g,7.2mmol)、二甘醇胺(1.14g,10.9mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(1.86g,14.4mmol)溶解于DMF(10mL)中,将反应体系加热至90℃搅拌过夜。将反应液降至室温,然后倒入60ml水中,用乙酸乙酯150ml×2萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水100ml×2洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩。残余物通过柱层析色谱法(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/氨水甲醇=100:1-50:1)纯化,得到880mg黄色固体状的产物。
步骤2:2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸酯(3)的制备
将化合物1d(200mg,0.56mmol)、DMAP(103mg,0.84mmol)和化合物3a(202mg,0.56mmol)溶于无水DMF(5mL)中,降温至0℃,加入DCC(173mg,0.84mmol,1.5eq),加毕,升温至室温搅拌过夜。将反应液倒入40ml水中,用乙酸乙酯50ml×2萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水60ml×2洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩。残余物通过柱层析色谱法(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/氨水甲醇=100:1-50:1)纯化,得到43mg黄色固体状的产物。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.09(s,1H),7.82(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.55-7.47(m,2H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.18-7.13(m,2H),7.00(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),6.63(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.59(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.25(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.05-5.01(m,3H),4.36(t,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.77(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.89(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.58(d,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.50-3.47(m,2H),2.92-2.83(m,1H),2.59-2.50(m,1H),2.03-1.97(m,7H),1.91-1.88(m,2H),1.74-1.59(m,13H),1.54-1.48(m,13H),1.43-1.38(m,11H)。
LC-MS(ESI):702.3(M+H)+。
实施例4(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸酯(4)的制备
与实施例1步骤1和实施例3的制备方法相同,除了用4-氟酞酐代替步骤1中的3-氟酞酐,得到(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙基2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酸酯。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.06(s,1H),7.80(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.54-7.40(m,2H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.20-7.13(m,2H),6.99(s,1H),6.88(dd,J=2.0,8.0Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.25(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.05-5.01(m,3H),4.37(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.77(t,J=4.4Hz,2H),3.66(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.58(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.50-3.47(m,2H),2.92-2.83(m,1H),2.59-2.50(m,1H),2.02-1.97(m,7H),1.91-1.88(m,2H),1.74-1.59(m,13H),1.54-1.48(m,7H)。
LC-MS(ESI):702.3(M+H)+。
实施例5N-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙基]-2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺(5)的制备
与实施例1的制备方法相同,除了用4-氟酞酐代替步骤1中的3-氟酞酐,并用{2-[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯代替步骤5中的[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯,得到N-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-5-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙基]-2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二-2,6,10-三烯基硫基)-苯甲酰胺。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.06(s,1H),8.29-8.26(m,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.45-7.32(m,3H),7.20-7.14(m,2H),7.00(s,1H),6.90(dd,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.32(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.03(dd,J=5.6,12.8Hz,1H),4.10-4.02(m,1H),3.61-3.51(m,10H),2.92-2.83(m,1H),2.59-2.53(m,2H),2.03-1.88(m,7H),1.33(s,3H),1.30-1.27(m,4H),1.26-1.23(m,6H)。
LC-MS(ESI):746.3(M+H)+。
实施例6N-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙基]-2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二-2,6,10-三烯基硫烷基)-苯甲酰胺(6)的制备
与实施例1的制备方法相同,除了用{2-[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯代替步骤5中的[2-(2-氨基-乙氧基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯,得到N-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基氨基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙基]-2-(3,7,11-三甲基-十二-2,6,10-三烯基硫烷基)-苯甲酰胺。
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:11.06(s,1H),8.49-8.46(m,1H),8.28(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.55(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.46-7.33(m,3H),7.28-7.154(m,2H),7.00(s,1H),6.88(dd,J=2.0,8.4Hz,1H),5.32(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.04(dd,J=5.6,12.8Hz,1H),3.60-3.48(m,17H),2.92-2.83(m,1H),2.51-2.49(m,2H),2.01-1.94(m,8H),1.33(s,3H),1.30-1.27(m,4H),1.26-1.23(m,6H)。
LC-MS(ESI):746.3(M+H)+。
生物学测试
试验例1本发明化合物的体外肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性的测定
利用细胞筛选平台测定本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制活性。
实验材料与方法
1.肿瘤细胞系及细胞培养
本发明人选择具有代表性的肿瘤细胞系应用于化合物活性测定。所有使用的细胞系分别来源于ATCC、DSMZ、JCRB和ZK。细胞培养条件与方法按每种细胞系要求进行。每次体外培养不超过3次传代。根据需要,可对细胞系进行单克隆分离与鉴定。
细胞培养基分别选用RPMI1640(Gibco)、DMEM(Gibco)、MEM(Gibco)、L15(Gibco)、IMDM(Gibco)、McCOY'S 5A、William’s E(Gibco),加入5-20%胎牛血清(Gibco),1%双抗(10000单位/mL青霉素和10000单位/mL链霉素),2mM谷氨酰胺或者1mM丙酮酸钠(Gibco)。
所用细胞系名称、种类、主要基因突变特征、培养基和细胞来源见下表1,其中“amp”为基因扩增;“+++”为基因过表达。细胞基因突变特征分别来源于COSMIC Cell LinesProject和相关研究论文。
表1本发明使用的细胞系
2.试验方法
贴壁细胞用0.25%胰酶-EDTA(Gibco)消化。悬浮细胞直接离心收集(1700rpm,3分钟),弃上清,0.4%台盼蓝染液计数板计数细胞。根据每种细胞生长周期,配制不同的细胞浓度(每毫升5~10×104细胞),接种到96孔板(Corning),每孔100微升,37℃,5%CO2培养过夜。第二天,加入待测化合物到培养细胞中,平行2孔。有机溶剂终浓度不超过千分之一,细胞继续培养3-6天,MTT测定。
本发明化合物与对照化合物(见下表2)用DMSO(Sigma)溶解,化合物纯度达98%以上。化合物贮存浓度为10mM,-20℃保存,使用前1:3系列稀释。
表2对照化合物
3.MTT检测及IC50计算
MTT检测试剂为Dojindo CCK8试剂盒,酶标测定仪为THERMO MULTISKAN FC仪。
将贴壁细胞培养基吸出,立即加入新配制的含10%CCK8的完全培养基(5%FBS),每孔100ul。悬浮细胞可直接加入CCK8试剂,终浓度为10%,继续培养1至4小时,当溶剂对照孔呈现暗黄色时,用THERMO MULTISKAN FC meter测OD450nm光吸收值,按以下公式计算细胞生长率。
细胞生长率%=100*(T-T0)/(C-T0)
T=药物处理细胞孔光密度值-空白对照孔光密度值;T0=药物处理前细胞孔光密度值-空白对照孔光密度值;C=溶剂对照组细胞孔光密度-空白对照孔光密度值。
通过GraphPad Prism7软件计算细胞生长50%抑制的药物浓度即IC50。试验重复进行1-3次。
4.实验结果
本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞体外生长抑制(或诱导细胞凋亡)IC50浓度的测定结果总结于下表3,IC50值小代表化合物活性高。
表3本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞体外生长抑制(或诱导细胞凋亡)的IC50值
"-"代表未测定。
表3结果显示,对照化合物Salirasib分别对RS4:11、H1975和MIA PaCa-2癌细胞具有生长抑制(诱导细胞凋亡)作用,IC50值在摩尔浓度。与对照化合物Salirasib相比,本发明化合物在RS4:11、H1975和MIA PaCa-2癌细胞上呈现明显的生长抑制优势。其中化合物2在RS4:11、H1975和MIA PaCa-2癌细胞上IC50值可分别低于对照化合物2094倍(RS4:11)、828倍(H1975)和11.4倍(MIA PaCa-2)。同时本发明化合物对表1所列不同类型肿瘤细胞系具有不同程度的生长抑制效果。
Claims (15)
1.一种通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
E选自以下结构:
L连接苯环和E,且选自以下结构:
其中:
X1、X2、X3和X4各自独立地选自CQ1或N;
Z1与苯环相连;
Z2与X1、X2、X3或X4相连,且只与其中一个相连;
Z1和Z2各自独立地选自CH2、O、S、NR2、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-;
W1、W2、W3和W4各自独立地选自CH2、O、S、NR2、C(O)NH-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-和-NHS(O)q-;
G选自单键、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述杂环基、芳基和杂芳基各自独立地任选进一步被选自Q2基团的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R2选自氢或烷基;
R1选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述氨基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
Q1和Q2基团各自独立地选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基,所述氨基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
q为0、1或2;
n1、n2、n3、n4和n5各自独立地为0至15的整数;
m1、m2、m3和m4各自独立地为0至15的整数。
5.根据权利要求4所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
Z1选自-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-,优选-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-;
Z2选自-NH-;
q为1或2。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
W1和W2各自独立地选自O或S。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
n1为1至6的整数,优选2至6的整数,更优选2;
n2为1至6的整数,优选1至3的整数,更优选1或2;
n3、n4、n5为0或1,优选0。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
L选自以下结构:
其中:
Z1与苯环相连,Z2与E基团相连;
Z1和Z2各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)O-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-、-NHS(O)q-;
W3和W4各自独立地选自O、S、NR2、C(O)NH-、-NHC(O)-、-S(O)qNH-和-NHS(O)q-;
G选自杂环基和杂芳基,所述杂环基和杂芳基各自独立地任选进一步被选自Q2基团的一个或多个取代基所取代;
R2选自氢或烷基;
Q2选自氢、卤素、羟基、巯基、烷基、烷氧基,所述烷基、烷氧基任选进一步被选自卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、氧代基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基和杂芳基的一个或多个基团所取代;
m1、m2、m3和m4各自独立地为0至15的整数,优选0至6的整数。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1选自氢、卤素、氨基、硝基、氰基、羟基、巯基、羧基、酯基、酰基、酰氨基、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、卤代烷氧基和环烷基;优选氢、卤素、烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基和卤代烷氧基;更优选氢。
11.一种根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
化合物M1和化合物M2通过亲核取代反应、缩合反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald反应或Mitsunobu反应得到通式(I)的化合物;
其中:
L’选自
其中Z1与苯环相连;
J1选自卤素、羟基、氨基、羧基、被保护的氨基如Cbz、Boc、Fmoc、Alloc、Teoc、Pht、Tos、Tfa、Bn、Trt、PMB保护的氨基,或被保护的羧基如通过叔丁酯、烯丙酯、三苯甲酯、二苯甲酯、TBS、炔丙酯、对甲氧基苄基酯保护的羧基;优选-NH2或-NHBoc;
J2选自卤素、羟基、氨基和羧基,优选卤素;
R1、L、E、Z1、W1、W2、W3、W4、n1、n2、n3、n4、n5如前述权利要求中任一项所定义。
12.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
13.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物在制备PPMTase的双功能抑制剂中的用途。
14.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗哺乳动物包括人类中癌症的药物中的用途,所述癌症优选为RAS表达异常的非实体瘤如白血病和实体瘤如皮肤癌、黑色素瘤、肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、肝癌或结肠癌。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用途,其中根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者根据权利要求12所述的药物组合物可以与另外一种或多种癌症治疗药物或者癌症治疗方法联合应用。
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