CN112571092A - Trimming method for position accuracy of tool hole array - Google Patents
Trimming method for position accuracy of tool hole array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112571092A CN112571092A CN202011530998.8A CN202011530998A CN112571092A CN 112571092 A CN112571092 A CN 112571092A CN 202011530998 A CN202011530998 A CN 202011530998A CN 112571092 A CN112571092 A CN 112571092A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
- B23B31/103—Retention by pivotal elements, e.g. catches, pawls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
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Abstract
The method for finishing the position accuracy of the tool arranging holes comprises the steps of analyzing the machining characteristics of lathe holes, designing a targeted tool arranging frame structure, and formulating a finishing method for the position accuracy of the tool arranging holes according to the structural characteristics and accuracy of a lathe; the machining capacity is improved by additionally arranging the tool positions on the sliding plate, the designed tool rest structure is suitable for increasing the number of the tool positions of the lathe, the structure is simple, the modification and the manufacture are convenient, and the positioning and the installation are quick; the position precision of the tool arranging holes is maintained to the maximum extent by finishing the position precision of the tool arranging holes, so that the position precision falls within the precision requirement range of a machine tool, and the subsequent processing precision is guaranteed; the obtained gang tool rest does not need to adjust the tools on the x axis and the y axis when the tools are replaced, so that the quick tool changing is realized, the tool adjusting error is eliminated, the production efficiency is improved, the hole machining precision is improved to the maximum extent, and the gang tool rest is suitable for the high-precision and high-efficiency operation requirements of modern production and manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lathe tool rests, in particular to a trimming method for the position accuracy of a tool hole array.
Background
The economic numerically controlled lathe is still commonly used by most enterprises at present due to the lower cost, and plays an extremely important role in the manufacturing industry of China; the four-station automatic rotary tool rest which is consistently adopted has the advantages of simple structure, flexible action and high repeated positioning precision, is always applied to an economical numerical control lathe, but is seriously limited in processing capacity due to the influence of the number of the tool positions. The four-station automatic rotary tool rest can only be provided with four cutters under normal conditions, wherein the four cutters comprise a rough turning cutter, a finishing turning cutter, a threading cutter, a groove cutter or a cutting-off cutter are used for processing the external contour of a part, but the four-station automatic rotary tool rest is lack of processing capability on the internal contour, such as centering positioning holes, drilling, reaming and turning various internal contours. The coaxiality of the rotation center of the cutter and the rotation center of a machine tool spindle needs to be guaranteed when a center hole is drilled, a hole is drilled, and a hole is reamed and reamed on a lathe, the machining precision is influenced if the rotation center of the cutter and the rotation center of the machine tool spindle are not coaxial, and the cutter can be directly damaged if the coaxial precision error of the cutter and the machine tool spindle is large.
Based on the actual manufacturing requirement, at present, part of manufacturing enterprises refit the tool position of an economical numerically controlled lathe, a tool rest with a T-shaped groove is directly arranged on a sliding plate, the tool rest with the T-shaped groove is arranged by utilizing the T-shaped groove, a tool is arranged on the tool rest, and during tool adjustment, the adjustment is carried out by replacing a gasket in the height direction of the y axis. However, when the center positioning hole, the drilling hole, the reaming hole and the reaming hole are drilled by the modification, the cutter needs to be adjusted simultaneously on the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, the cutter adjusting difficulty is very high, the cutter needs to be adjusted again when a new part is machined or the cutter needs to be replaced midway, the workload is high, the efficiency is low, the technical requirement is high, the cutter can be directly damaged by slightly increasing the cutter adjusting error, the machining precision is low, and the manufacturing requirements of modern high efficiency and high precision cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a trimming method for the position accuracy of the tool arranging holes, and the structure of the tool arranging frame is additionally designed, and a corresponding position accuracy trimming method is designed, so that the tool does not need to be adjusted after the tool arranging frame is modified to install the tool, and the tool installation position accuracy is ensured by the self accuracy of a machine tool.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the main motion of lathe processing is the rotary motion of a workpiece, a cutter only translates but does not rotate, the workpiece is arranged on a lathe chuck and does rotary motion along with a main shaft, deviation can be generated when installing and adjusting cutters of inner contour cutters such as a centering drill, a twist drill and the like, and the phenomenon that the center of the cutter is parallel to the rotary center of the main shaft of a machine tool but not coaxial or two shafts are crossed in space can be generated; when the cutter adjusting error is large, the inner contour cutter and a workpiece in rotary motion can be broken by tangential force at the moment of contact, and the twist drill can be bent or even broken when the auxiliary cutting edge enters the workpiece along with the axial feeding of the twist drill; if the subsequent processing is carried out, large error copying can be generated if the subsequent processing is carried out, and the original size and form and position precision can be lost if the subsequent processing is carried out; through the analysis, the inner hole is machined by adopting lathe drilling, expanding and reaming, so that the machining is greatly different from the machining of a drilling machine, the main motion of the drilling machine is a cutter, even if the center of the cutter is crossed with the center of a workpiece in space, the hole machining can still be completed by the twist drill or the pilot drill along the self rotation center, but the lathe is not in operation, and the cutter can be broken due to eccentric crossing; the inner hole is drilled, expanded and reamed by increasing the cutter position by adopting a lathe, and the coaxiality of the rotary center of the cutter and the main shaft of the lathe must be ensured.
Firstly, designing a tool rest arrangement structure and an installation positioning mode for refitting according to the structure and the processing characteristics of an economical lathe; secondly, selecting materials according to the use working condition and the overall process arrangement of the tool rest and preprocessing the main structure of the tool rest; thirdly, pre-adjusting chuck clamping and lathe sliding plate positioning installation of the numerical control lathe according to the structure and the installation positioning mode of the tool rest; then positioning and mounting the preprocessed tool rest main body on a sliding plate for primary processing, and disassembling the tool rest for hardness treatment and subsequent processing after the primary processing is finished; and finally, for the lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.012mm, the tool rest which completes subsequent processing is positioned and installed back to the lathe sliding plate for use, and for the lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the tool rest is further adjusted and corrected to meet the precision requirement.
Structure and installation positioning design of first tool rest
The main structure design of the tool rest mainly considers two factors, namely, the tool rest is convenient to change tools quickly and avoids complex tool adjustment, and the relative position precision of the tool and the main shaft during machining is obtained to the maximum extent according to the self precision of a machine tool; the tool rest is integrally square and is arranged on a sliding plate of a lathe, a limiting plane, tool arranging holes and fastening bolt holes are arranged on the tool rest main body, the limiting plane comprises a limiting side plane and a limiting bottom plane, the limiting side plane and the limiting bottom plane are perpendicular to each other, the rotation center of the tool arranging holes is parallel to the limiting side plane and the limiting bottom plane at the same time, screw holes are arranged above the corresponding tool arranging holes and are perpendicular to the limiting bottom plane, the rotation center of the screw holes is perpendicular to the rotation center of the tool arranging holes, grooves are formed in the limiting bottom plane of the tool rest, and the fastening bolt holes are perpendicular to the limiting bottom plane; the cutter arranging rod is arranged in the cutter arranging hole, and the cutter arranging rod and the cutter arranging hole are in clearance fit and fastened through a screw arranged in the screw hole; the tool rest is positioned and fastened, the tool rest is arranged on the sliding plate through a limiting bottom plane, a limiting block is arranged on the sliding plate, a limiting side plane of the tool rest is in contact with a limiting block side plane for limiting, the rotation center of the tool arranging hole is parallel to the axis of the machine tool spindle, and the rotation center and the axis of the spindle are in the same plane; arranging the tool rest on a sliding plate, wherein the sliding plate limits the rotation of the tool rest on an x axis, the translation of a y axis and the rotation of a z axis, the side plane of a limiting block limits the translation of the tool rest on the x axis and the rotation of the y axis, a screw is arranged in a fastening bolt hole, and the tool rest is fastened on the sliding plate through the screw, so that the translation of the tool rest on the z axis is also limited; the cutter arranging rod initially arranged in the cutter arranging hole can translate and rotate in the z-axis direction, the other degrees of freedom are limited, all the degrees of freedom are limited after the cutter arranging rod is fastened by screws, and the tool shanks of a centering drill, a twist drill, a reamer or a lathe tool and the like are arranged on the cutter arranging rod through a high-precision elastic chuck;
material selection and preprocessing of (two) rows of tool rests
The tool rest needs higher strength, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the material of the tool rest is alloy steel, the hardness is improved by adopting soft nitriding treatment, and the deformation of the tool rest in the heat treatment process is small; after selecting materials, firstly carrying out thermal refining on a raw material blank, carrying out machining on the blank after thermal refining to form a geometric composition element of a tool rest, reserving screw holes and tool holes for non-machining, ensuring the mutual position precision between each plane of a cube, and requiring IT8 for the machining precision grade; then, grinding each plane of the machined tool rest base body, wherein the precision grade of the mutual positions of the grinding is required to be IT 6;
(III) Pre-adjustment of numerically controlled lathe
Installing a soft claw on a lathe chuck, finish turning a clamping inner contour of the soft claw to enable the inner diameter size of the clamping inner contour to be consistent with the outer circle size of a clamping cutter rod, installing the clamping cutter rod after the finish turning of the soft claw is finished, measuring the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod close to the soft claw by using a dial indicator, and adjusting the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod to enable the runout to fall within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of a lathe spindle; the cutter handle of the cutter is arranged on the clamping cutter rod through a high-precision elastic chuck and used for corresponding processing; the adjustment processing of the lathe sliding plate comprises the steps of firstly disassembling the lathe sliding plate, then processing a fastening limit screw hole on the sliding plate, finally resetting the lathe sliding plate and adjusting the resetting precision, so that the movement precision of the reset sliding plate meets the original precision requirement of the lathe; the limiting block is adjusted and installed, the limiting block is tightly installed on the sliding plate, the installation precision of the limiting block is adjusted, the parallelism of the side plane of the limiting block relative to the axis of the machine tool spindle is adjusted, and the adjustment precision meets the parallelism precision requirement of the saddle moving in the z-axis direction relative to the axis of the machine tool spindle;
mounting processing and precision adjustment of (four) tool rests
Firstly installing tool rest and primarily processing tool holes
The pre-processed tool rest is limited, fastened and firstly installed on a lathe sliding plate, the first installation precision is adjusted, the parallelism of a limiting side plane relative to the axis of a machine tool spindle is adjusted, and the adjustment precision meets the parallelism precision requirement of the saddle moving in the z-axis direction relative to the axis of the machine tool spindle; the cutter passes through the centre gripping cutter arbor and installs on lathe spindle's chuck, and lathe spindle drives the cutter rotation, carries out the processing of arranging the tool hole to arranging the knife rest, and concrete mode is: installing a centering drill on a clamping cutter bar, adjusting a numerical control system of the machine tool according to the position of a tool arranging hole designed in the x-axis direction, enabling a sliding plate to drive a tool arranging frame to move along the x-axis to the position where the rotation center of the tool arranging hole coincides with the center of a main shaft of the machine tool, and recording the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to an original point O on the x-axis at the moment; after the x-axis coordinate is determined, a machine tool is controlled to feed and punch a centering hole along the z-axis, the cutter is withdrawn along the z-axis after the centering hole is machined, the position of the cutter row frame in the x-axis direction is adjusted again until the next cutter row hole is located, the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to the original point O at the time on the x-axis is recorded, and the centering hole is machined repeatedly; processing the centering holes of each row of cutter holes according to the method, and recording corresponding x-axis coordinate values; after the centering hole is machined, the cutter is replaced, radial runout of the clamping cutter bar close to the soft claw is detected and controlled by the dial indicator again, and the cutter arranging frame is adjusted to the corresponding position one by one according to the recorded x-axis coordinate value of the centering hole to complete through hole machining; sequentially replacing the cutters, and repeating the machining operation to finish the semi-finish machining of each row of cutter holes; measuring the actual excircle diameter of the cutter bars in the cutter rows, and marking the cutter bars to be in one-to-one correspondence with the cutter holes in the cutter rows, wherein the machining allowance is reserved in the corresponding cutter holes by taking the measured value of each cutter bar in each cutter row as reference;
hardness treatment and subsequent processing after tool rest disassembly
Disassembling the tool rest which finishes the primary processing of the tool arranging holes, processing screw holes, honing and finishing the tool arranging holes, honing to leave a subsequent finish honing allowance, measuring the distance from the tool arranging holes to a limiting plane after finishing, namely measuring the height from the turning center of the tool arranging holes to a base plane of an installation limiting bottom plane, measuring the positioning distance between the turning center of the tool arranging holes closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane, and numbering each tool arranging hole correspondingly respectively to record measurement data; performing soft nitriding treatment on the tool rest after the processing is finished;
finely honing each row of cutter holes according to the measured size of the excircle of the cutter bar; under the influence of soft nitriding treatment, the distances between the rotation center of the row of cutter holes obtained after fine honing and the limiting bottom plane and the limiting side plane are slightly increased, and the limiting bottom plane and the limiting side plane are also slightly deformed; measuring the distance from the tool arranging holes to the limiting plane again, namely measuring the height of a base plane between the tool arranging hole rotation center and the limiting bottom plane again, measuring the positioning distance between the tool arranging hole rotation center closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane, comparing the measured values of the previous step and the subsequent step, grinding the limiting bottom plane and the limiting side plane respectively according to the comparison difference, improving the flatness of the tool arranging hole rotation center and the limiting plane while correcting the distance size, and selecting an upper deviation value according to the grinding size of the tool arranging hole rotation center and the limiting plane;
installing and using tool setting frame and readjusting precision
For a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the diameter of the centering shaft being 0.012mm, the grinded tool arrangement frame is installed back to a lathe sliding plate for use, various tools are installed in the tool arrangement holes through tool bars, and the positions of the tools on the x axis are set according to recorded numerical values;
for a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the runout amount precision when the tool arranging hole is aligned with the lathe spindle can be further improved; firstly, measuring the radial runout of a lathe centering shaft diameter by using a dial indicator, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; adjusting the position-limited and mounted row cutter frame to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting a dial indicator on a main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the row cutter hole, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing the gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole, operating the saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole, operating a saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to the z-y plane, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting, if the parallelism of the tool arranging hole and the z-axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x-axis of the tool arranging hole during correction centering according to the jumping amount and the jumping direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the x-axis, calculating the grinding amount of the limiting bottom plane according to the jumping amount and the jumping direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the y-axis, and further grinding the limiting bottom plane to correct the jumping amount of the y-axis; if the parallelism of the two directions of the Z axis is out of tolerance, the parallelism is firstly adjusted to be within an allowable precision range, then the maximum jumping quantity of the X axis and the Y axis is detected, the parallelism of the opposite Z-Y surface can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism of the opposite Z-X surface can be adjusted by grinding the limiting bottom plane.
Has the advantages that: the requirements of drilling, expanding and reamer position on coaxiality are increased through analyzing the machining characteristics of the lathe hole, and a corresponding trimming method for the position accuracy of the tool arranging hole is designed according to the self accuracy and the structural characteristics of the lathe, so that the problems of high accuracy and quick tool changing of tool position modification of an economical numerical control lathe are solved.
1) A tool arranging frame is additionally arranged on the sliding plate, and a tool arranging hole is machined by utilizing the self precision of a machine tool, so that the coaxiality of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft is ensured; the surface hardness is improved by the soft nitriding treatment, the wear resistance is enhanced, and the position tolerance change caused by the heat treatment micro deformation is eliminated by the fine honing and grinding after the soft nitriding; the drilling, expanding and reaming tools are arranged in the tool arranging holes through the tool arranging rods, the coaxiality of the axes of the tools and the main shaft is guaranteed, the coaxiality is guaranteed by the precision of a machine tool, the tools do not need to be adjusted in the x axis and the y axis, and the machine adjusting efficiency is improved; for a machine tool with higher precision grade, the coaxial precision can be further improved by adjusting and processing.
2) The position precision of the tool arranging holes is maintained to the maximum extent by finishing the position precision of the tool arranging holes, so that the position precision falls within the precision requirement range of a machine tool, and the subsequent processing precision is guaranteed.
3) The modified tool position can be directly used for drilling, expanding and reaming the part on a lathe without prefabricating a bottom hole; the machining process has no abnormal sound, the cutter has no abnormal abrasion, and the machining size is within the tolerance range of the reaming hole, thereby meeting the precision requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the eccentricity of hole machining according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tool rest assembly according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
The attached drawings are marked as follows:
FIG. 1: a is a workpiece, B is a rotation center, C is a twist drill, D is the center of the twist drill, E is a centering drill, and F is the center of the centering drill;
FIG. 2: 1 is a chuck, 2 is a soft claw, 3 is a dial indicator, 4 is a clamping cutter bar, 5 is a cutter arranging rod, 6 is a screw hole, 7 is a cutter arranging frame, 8 is a sliding plate, 9 is a cutter arranging hole, 10 is a saddle, 11 is a limiting block,lin order to locate the distance between the two elements,his the height of the base surface,xin three-dimensional coordinate systemsxThe shaft is provided with a plurality of axial holes,yin three-dimensional coordinate systemsyThe shaft is provided with a plurality of axial holes,zin three-dimensional coordinate systemszA shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be clearly and completely described below by combining the specific embodiment of the invention; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the trimming method of the position accuracy of the row of tool holes in fig. 1 and 2, the main motion of lathe processing is the rotary motion of a workpiece a, and a tool only translates without rotating; the workpiece A is arranged on a lathe chuck 1 and does rotary motion along with a main shaft, the installation and adjustment tools of a centering drill E and a twist drill C generate deviation, and the phenomenon that the center F of the centering drill is parallel to but not coaxial with the rotary center B or the phenomenon that the center D of the twist drill is crossed with the rotary center B in space can occur; when the cutter adjusting error is large, the centering drill E is broken by tangential force at the moment of contacting with the workpiece A in the back movement, along with the axial feeding of the twist drill C, when the auxiliary cutting edge enters the workpiece A, the twist drill C is bent or even broken, the subsequent processing can generate large error copying if turning, and the original size and form and position accuracy can be lost if reaming; the machining of the inner hole by adopting lathe drilling, expanding and reaming is greatly different from the machining of a drilling machine, the main motion of the drilling machine is a cutter, even if the center of the cutter is spatially crossed with the rotation center B of a workpiece A, the hole machining can still be completed along the center of the drill by using a twist drill C or a centering drill E, but the lathe is not in operation, and the cutter can be broken due to eccentric crossing; the inner hole is drilled, expanded and reamed by increasing the cutter position by adopting a lathe, and the coaxiality of the rotary center of the cutter and the main shaft of the lathe must be ensured.
The trimming method of the position accuracy of the tool arranging hole comprises the structure and the installation positioning design of the tool arranging frame, the material model selection and the preprocessing of the tool arranging frame, the pre-adjustment of a numerical control lathe, the installation processing and the accuracy adjustment of the tool arranging frame, and the specific mode of each step is as follows:
1) structure and installation positioning design of gang tool rest
1.1 Structure design of gang tool holder
The tool rest 7 is integrally rectangular and is arranged on a sliding plate 8 of a lathe, a limiting side plane, a limiting bottom plane and a plurality of tool arranging holes 9 are formed in the tool rest 7, screw holes 6 are formed above the corresponding tool arranging holes 9 respectively, a groove is formed in the limiting bottom plane of the tool rest 7, the rotation center of each tool arranging hole 9 is parallel to the limiting bottom plane and the limiting side plane respectively, a fastening bolt hole is formed in the main body of the tool rest 7, a tool arranging rod 5 is arranged in each tool arranging hole 9, and the tool arranging rod and the tool arranging hole are in clearance fit and fastened through a screw arranged in each screw hole 6;
1.2 installing and positioning design of tool post
A limiting block 11 is arranged on the sliding plate 8, and the limiting block 11 is in contact with a limiting side plane of the tool rest 7 for limiting; the tool rest 7 is arranged on a sliding plate 8, the sliding plate 8 limits the rotation of the tool rest 7 on an x axis, the translation of a y axis and the rotation of a z axis, a limiting block 11 limits the translation of the tool rest 7 on the x axis and the rotation of the y axis, and after the tool rest 7 is fastened on the sliding plate 8 through screws, the translation of the tool rest 7 on the z axis is also limited; the cutter arranging rod 5 initially arranged in the cutter arranging hole 9 can translate and rotate in the z-axis direction, the other degrees of freedom are limited, all the degrees of freedom are limited after the cutter arranging rod 5 is fastened by screws, and tool shanks of cutters such as a pilot drill E, a twist drill C, a reamer or a lathe tool and the like are arranged on the cutter arranging rod through a high-precision elastic chuck;
2) material selection and preprocessing of tool rest
The material of the tool rest 7 is alloy steel, and 40CrNi is adopted in the embodiment; quenching and tempering raw materials, wherein the quenching and tempering hardness is HRC 28-32, machining the quenched and tempered base material to form a geometric composition element of a tool rest 7, keeping a screw hole 6 and a tool rest hole 9 without machining, ensuring the mutual position precision between each plane of a cuboid, and requiring IT8 for the machining precision grade; grinding each plane of the machined tool rest 7 substrate, wherein the mutual position precision grade of the grinding process requires IT6, and after the grinding process, the flash and burr are manually removed, and the magnetic and corrosion resistant treatment is carried out for standby;
3) pre-adjustment of numerically controlled lathe
Installing a soft claw 2 on a chuck 1 of a lathe, finish turning a clamping inner contour of the soft claw 2 to ensure that the inner diameter size of the clamping inner contour is consistent with the outer circle size of a clamping cutter bar 4, installing the clamping cutter bar 4 after the finish turning of the soft claw 2 is finished, measuring the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar 4 close to the soft claw 2 by using a dial gauge 3, and adjusting the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar 4 to ensure that the runout falls within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of a lathe spindle; the tool holders of the cutters such as the centering drill E, the twist drill C, the reamer, the turning tool and the like are arranged on the clamping tool bar through high-precision elastic chucks and are respectively processed correspondingly;
disassembling the lathe sliding plate 8, machining a screw hole for fastening the limiting block 11 and the tool rest 7 on the sliding plate 8, resetting the lathe sliding plate 8 and detecting the resetting precision, so that the parallelism of the transverse movement of the reference groove or the reference side surface of the sliding plate 8 relative to the x axis meets the precision requirement of the lathe; installing and adjusting a limiting block 11, wherein the adjusting precision of the limiting block 11 is executed according to the parallel precision requirement of the saddle 10 moving relative to the axis of the main shaft in the z-axis direction;
4) mounting processing and precision adjustment of gang tool rest
4.1 first installation of tool rests and preliminary machining of tool holes
The pre-processed tool setting post 7 is limited and tightly mounted on a sliding plate 8, a centering drill E is mounted on a clamping cutter bar 4, a numerical control system of a machine tool is manually adjusted according to the position of a tool setting hole 9 designed in the x-axis direction, the sliding plate 8 drives the tool setting post 7 to move along the x-axis to the position where the rotation center of the tool setting hole 9 coincides with the center of a main shaft of the machine tool, and the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to an original point O on the x-axis at the moment is recorded; after determining the x-axis coordinate of the tool arranging holes 9, operating a machine tool saddle 10 to feed and punch a centering hole along the z-axis, withdrawing the tool along the z-axis after finishing the machining of the centering hole, adjusting the position of the tool arranging frame 7 in the x-axis direction again until the position of the next tool arranging hole 9, recording the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to the original point O in the x-axis at the moment, and repeatedly machining the centering hole; processing the centering holes of each row of cutter holes 9 according to the method, and recording corresponding x-axis coordinate values;
after the centering hole is machined, replacing the cutter with a twist drill C, detecting and controlling the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod 4 close to the soft claw 2 by using the dial indicator 3 again to enable the runout to fall within the radial runout range of the self centering shaft diameter of the lathe spindle, gradually adjusting the tool rest 7 to a corresponding position according to the recorded x-axis coordinate value of the centering hole, drilling through holes one by one on the basis of the machined centering hole, and repeating the operation until all the through holes of the tool rest 9 are machined; sequentially replacing the expanding drill and the reamer, repeating the machining operation of the twist drill C, and completing the semi-finish machining of each through hole, wherein the final semi-finish machining process of the through holes can adopt finish reaming or finish boring, and the final semi-finish machining process of the embodiment adopts finish reaming; measuring the excircle diameter of the actual cutter bars 5, and marking the excircle diameter in correspondence to the cutter holes 9, wherein the machining allowance is left in the corresponding cutter holes 9 by taking the actual measured value of each cutter bar 5 as reference, and the machining allowance in the embodiment is 0.041 mm;
4.2 hardness treatment and subsequent processing after tool rest disassembly
Dismantling the gang tool rest 7 which finishes the primary processing of the gang tool hole 9, processing the screw hole 6, removing the flanging burr at the joint of the screw hole 6 and the gang tool hole 9, honing each gang tool hole 9, finishing the cylindricity of the gang tool hole 9 to within 0.002mm, finishing the grinding amount to 0.015mm, measuring the height of the base surface from the rotation center of each gang tool hole 9 to the installation limiting base plane after finishinghAnd measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter arranging hole 9 closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side planelCorrespondingly numbering each row of cutter holes 9 and recording measurement data;
for the soft nitriding treatment of the gang tool holder 7 having finished the finishing work, the effective layer depth of this example was 0.4mm, hardness HR 15N: 91; finely honing each row of cutter holes 9 according to the measured size of the excircle of the cutter bar 5, wherein the clearance fit value between the cutter holes and the corresponding cutter bars is 0.002 mm; re-measuring the height of the base surface between the rotation center of each row of cutter holes 9 and the limiting bottom planehAnd measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter arranging hole 9 closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side planelComparing the honing result with a measured value after honing, respectively grinding the limiting bottom plane and the limiting side plane according to a comparison difference value, and selecting an upper deviation value according to each size during grinding;
4.3 installing and using tool rest and readjusting precision
For a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the diameter of a centering shaft being 0.012mm, a grinded tool rest 7 is mounted on a return lathe sliding plate 8 to be used, various tool holders are mounted in tool rest holes 9 through a tool rest bar 5, and the positions of tools such as a centering drill E, a twist drill C, a reamer and the like on an x axis are set according to recorded numerical values;
for a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the runout amount precision when the tool arranging hole 9 is aligned with the lathe spindle can be further improved; firstly, measuring the radial runout of a centering shaft diameter by using a dial indicator 3, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the directions of an x axis and a y axis; adjusting the position-limited and mounted tool rest 7 to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting the dial indicator 3 on the main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the tool arranging hole 9, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing a gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole 9, operating the saddle 10 to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole 9 relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and deviation direction with the length of 100 mm; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole 9, operating the saddle 10 to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole 9 relative to the z-y surface, and recording the parallelism difference and deviation direction with the length of 100 mm; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging holes 9 relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting the deviation state, if the parallelism of the tool arranging holes 9 in two directions of the z axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x axis of the tool arranging holes 9 during correction centering according to the jumping amount and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging holes 9 in the x axis, calculating the grinding amount of the limiting bottom plane according to the jumping amount and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging holes 9 in the y axis, and further grinding the limiting bottom plane to correct the jumping amount of the y axis; if the parallelism of the X-axis and the Z-axis is out of tolerance, firstly adjusting the parallelism to be within an allowable precision range, and then detecting the maximum jumping amount of the X-axis and the Y-axis; the parallelism degree of the plane relative to the z-y surface can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism degree of the plane relative to the z-x surface can be adjusted by grinding the limiting bottom plane.
The modified tool position can be directly used for drilling, expanding and reaming the part on a lathe without prefabricating a bottom hole; the tool position obtained by the tool position refitting method of the economical numerical control lathe is subjected to trial production through drilling, expanding, rough reaming and finish reaming processes, the diameter of an inner hole is 8mm, the sample piece is made of hardened and tempered material, the hardness of the sample piece is HRC25, the hole depth is 60mm, the actual measurement value range of a processed hole is 8.0112-8.0155 mm, no noise exists in the processing process, the cutter is not subjected to abnormal wear, the size of the trial-produced sample piece falls within the tolerance range of reaming, and the accuracy requirement is met.
Claims (1)
1. The method for finishing the position accuracy of the tool hole array is characterized in that radial runout of a lathe centering shaft diameter is measured by a dial indicator, and the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are respectively recorded; adjusting the position-limited and mounted row cutter frame to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting a dial indicator on a main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the row cutter hole, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing the gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole, operating the saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole, operating a saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to the z-y plane, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting, if the parallelism of the tool arranging hole and the z-axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x-axis of the tool arranging hole during correction centering according to the jumping amount and the jumping direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the x-axis, calculating the grinding amount of the bottom plane according to the jumping amount and the jumping direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the y-axis, and further grinding and correcting the jumping amount of the y-axis by grinding the bottom plane; if the parallelism of the two directions of the Z axis is out of tolerance, the parallelism is firstly adjusted to be within an allowable precision range, then the maximum jumping amount of the X axis and the Y axis is detected, the parallelism of the opposite Z-Y surface can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism of the opposite Z-X surface can be adjusted by grinding the bottom plane.
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