CN112571091A - Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe - Google Patents
Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112571091A CN112571091A CN202011530997.3A CN202011530997A CN112571091A CN 112571091 A CN112571091 A CN 112571091A CN 202011530997 A CN202011530997 A CN 202011530997A CN 112571091 A CN112571091 A CN 112571091A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- axis
- hole
- cutter
- lathe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
- B23B31/02—Chucks
- B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
- B23B31/103—Retention by pivotal elements, e.g. catches, pawls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The tool position refitting method of the economical numerical control lathe is characterized in that a targeted tool rest arrangement structure is designed by analyzing the machining characteristics of a lathe hole, and a manufacturing process of refitting the tool rest arrangement structure is formulated according to the structural characteristics and the precision of the lathe; the machining capacity is enlarged by additionally arranging the cutter positions on the sliding plate, the designed tool rest structure is suitable for increasing the number of the cutter positions of the lathe, the position precision obtained by the refitting process depends on the precision of the lathe, the cutters do not need to be adjusted on an x axis and a y axis when the cutters are replaced, the quick cutter changing is realized, the cutter adjusting error is eliminated, the production efficiency is improved, and the precision of hole machining is improved to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled lathes, in particular to a tool position refitting method of an economical numerically controlled lathe.
Background
The economic numerically controlled lathe is still commonly used by most enterprises at present due to the lower cost, and plays an extremely important role in the manufacturing industry of China; the four-station automatic rotary tool rest which is consistently adopted has the advantages of simple structure, flexible action and high repeated positioning precision, is always applied to an economical numerical control lathe, but is seriously limited in processing capacity due to the influence of the number of the tool positions. The four-station automatic rotary tool rest can only be provided with four cutters under normal conditions, wherein the four cutters comprise a rough turning cutter, a finishing turning cutter, a threading cutter, a groove cutter or a cutting-off cutter are used for processing the external contour of a part, but the four-station automatic rotary tool rest is lack of processing capability on the internal contour, such as centering positioning holes, drilling, reaming and turning various internal contours. The coaxiality of the rotation center of the cutter and the rotation center of a machine tool spindle needs to be guaranteed when a center hole is drilled, a hole is drilled, and a hole is reamed and reamed on a lathe, the machining precision is influenced if the rotation center of the cutter and the rotation center of the machine tool spindle are not coaxial, and the cutter can be directly damaged if the coaxial precision error of the cutter and the machine tool spindle is large.
Based on the actual manufacturing requirement, at present, part of manufacturing enterprises refit the tool position of an economical numerically controlled lathe, a tool rest with a T-shaped groove is directly arranged on a sliding plate, the tool rest with the T-shaped groove is arranged by utilizing the T-shaped groove, a tool is arranged on the tool rest, and during tool adjustment, the adjustment is carried out by replacing a gasket in the height direction of the y axis. However, when the center positioning hole, the drilling hole, the reaming hole and the reaming hole are drilled by the modification, the cutter needs to be adjusted simultaneously on the x axis, the y axis and the z axis, the cutter adjusting difficulty is very high, the cutter needs to be adjusted again when a new part is machined or the cutter needs to be replaced midway, the workload is high, the efficiency is low, the technical requirement is high, the cutter can be directly damaged by slightly increasing the cutter adjusting error, the machining precision is low, and the manufacturing requirements of modern high efficiency and high precision cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tool position refitting method of an economical numerical control lathe, which is characterized in that a structure for additionally installing a tool rest is designed through researching the machining characteristics of the economical numerical control lathe, and a corresponding high-precision refitting process is arranged, so that the tool does not need to be adjusted after the refitted tool rest is provided with a tool, and the precision of the mounting position of the tool is ensured by the precision of a machine tool.
The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the main motion of lathe processing is the rotary motion of a workpiece, a cutter only translates but does not rotate, the workpiece is arranged on a lathe chuck and does rotary motion along with a main shaft, deviation can be generated when installing and adjusting cutters of inner contour cutters such as a centering drill, a twist drill and the like, and the phenomenon that the center of the cutter is parallel to the rotary center of the main shaft of a machine tool but not coaxial or two shafts are crossed in space can be generated; when the cutter adjusting error is large, the inner contour cutter and a workpiece in rotary motion can be broken by tangential force at the moment of contact, and the twist drill can be bent or even broken when the auxiliary cutting edge enters the workpiece along with the axial feeding of the twist drill; if the subsequent processing is carried out, large error copying can be generated if the subsequent processing is carried out, and the original size and form and position precision can be lost if the subsequent processing is carried out; through the analysis, the inner hole is machined by adopting lathe drilling, expanding and reaming, so that the machining is greatly different from the machining of a drilling machine, the main motion of the drilling machine is a cutter, even if the center of the cutter is crossed with the center of a workpiece in space, the hole machining can still be completed by the twist drill or the pilot drill along the self rotation center, but the lathe is not in operation, and the cutter can be broken due to eccentric crossing; the inner hole is drilled, expanded and reamed by increasing the cutter position by adopting a lathe, and the coaxiality of the rotary center of the cutter and the main shaft of the lathe must be ensured.
Firstly, designing a tool rest arrangement structure and an installation positioning mode for refitting according to the structure and the processing characteristics of an economical numerical control lathe; secondly, performing material model selection and preprocessing on the main structure of the tool rest according to the use working condition and the whole process arrangement of the tool rest; thirdly, pre-adjusting chuck clamping and sliding plate positioning installation of the numerical control lathe according to the structure and the installation positioning mode of the tool rest; then positioning and mounting the preprocessed tool rest main body on a sliding plate for primary processing, and disassembling the tool rest for hardness treatment and subsequent processing after the primary processing is finished; finally, for the lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.012mm, the tool rest which completes the subsequent processing is positioned and installed on a lathe sliding plate to be used, and for the lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the tool rest is further adjusted and corrected to meet the precision requirement; the specific mode is as follows:
step 1): structure and installation positioning design of gang tool rest
The main structure design of the tool rest mainly considers two factors, namely, the tool rest is convenient to change tools quickly and avoids complex tool adjustment, and the relative position precision of the tool and the main shaft during machining is obtained to the maximum extent according to the self precision of a machine tool; the tool rest is integrally square, is arranged on a sliding plate of a lathe, is provided with tool arranging holes, a limiting side plane and a bottom plane, is positioned on the tool rest, is respectively provided with a screw hole above the corresponding tool arranging hole, is provided with a groove on the bottom plane of the tool rest, is parallel to the bottom plane and the limiting side plane respectively at the rotation center of the tool arranging hole, and is provided with a fastening bolt hole on the tool rest main body; the cutter arranging rod is arranged in the cutter arranging hole, and the cutter arranging rod and the cutter arranging hole are in clearance fit and are fastened through a screw arranged in the screw hole; the sliding plate is provided with a limiting block, and the limiting block is in contact with a limiting side plane of the tool rest for limiting; the tool rest is arranged on a sliding plate, the sliding plate limits the rotation of the tool rest on an x axis, the translation of a y axis and the rotation of a z axis, a limiting block limits the translation of the tool rest on the x axis and the rotation of the y axis, and after the tool rest is fastened on the sliding plate through bolts, the translation of the tool rest on the z axis is also limited; the cutter arranging rod initially arranged in the cutter arranging hole can translate and rotate in the z-axis direction, the other degrees of freedom are limited, all the degrees of freedom are limited after the cutter arranging rod is fastened by screws, and the tool shanks of a centering drill, a twist drill, a reamer or a lathe tool and the like are arranged on the cutter arranging rod through a high-precision elastic chuck;
step 2): material selection and main structure preprocessing of tool rest
The tool rest needs higher strength, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the material of the tool rest is alloy steel, the hardness is improved by adopting soft nitriding treatment, and the deformation of the tool rest in the heat treatment process is small; after selecting materials, firstly carrying out thermal refining on raw materials, carrying out machining after thermal refining to form geometric composition elements of a tool rest, reserving screw holes and tool holes for non-machining, ensuring the mutual position precision between each plane of a cube, and requiring IT8 for machining precision grade; then, grinding each plane of the machined tool rest base body, wherein the precision grade of the mutual positions of the grinding is required to be IT 6;
step 3): pre-adjustment of numerically controlled lathe
Step 3.1): chuck clamping adjustment
Installing a soft claw on a lathe chuck, finish turning a clamping inner contour of the soft claw, enabling the inner diameter size of the clamping inner contour to be consistent with the outer circle size of a clamping cutter rod, installing the clamping cutter rod after the finish turning of the soft claw is finished, measuring the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod close to the soft claw by using a dial indicator, and adjusting the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod to enable the runout to fall within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of a lathe spindle; the cutter handle of the cutter is arranged on the clamping cutter rod through a high-precision elastic chuck and used for corresponding processing;
step 3.2): positioning, mounting and adjusting slide plate
Disassembling the lathe sliding plate, processing a fastening limit screw hole on the sliding plate, resetting the lathe sliding plate and detecting the resetting precision, so that the motion precision of the sliding plate meets the precision requirement of the lathe; installing and adjusting a limiting block, wherein the adjusting precision of the limiting block is executed according to the parallel precision requirement of the saddle moving relative to the axis of the main shaft in the z-axis direction;
step 4): mounting processing and precision adjustment of gang tool rest
Step 4.1): firstly installing tool rest and primarily processing tool holes
The method comprises the following steps of (1) limiting and fastening a preprocessed tool arranging rest on a sliding plate, installing a centering drill on a clamping cutter bar, adjusting a numerical control system of the machine tool according to the position of a tool arranging hole designed in the x-axis direction, enabling the sliding plate to drive the tool arranging rest to move to the position where the rotation center of the tool arranging hole coincides with the center of a main shaft of the machine tool along the x-axis, and recording the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to an original point O on the x-axis; after the x-axis coordinate is determined, a machine tool is controlled to feed and punch a centering hole along the z-axis, the cutter is withdrawn along the z-axis after the centering hole is machined, the position of the cutter row frame in the x-axis direction is adjusted again until the next cutter row hole is located, the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to the original point O at the time on the x-axis is recorded, and the centering hole is machined repeatedly; processing the centering holes of each row of cutter holes according to the method, and recording corresponding x-axis coordinate values; after the centering hole is machined, the cutter is replaced, radial runout of the clamping cutter bar close to the soft claw is detected and controlled by the dial indicator again, and the cutter arranging frame is adjusted to the corresponding position one by one according to the recorded x-axis coordinate value of the centering hole to complete through hole machining; sequentially replacing the cutters, and repeating the previous machining operation to finish the semi-finish machining of each through hole; measuring the actual excircle diameter of the cutter bars in the cutter rows, and marking the cutter bars to be in one-to-one correspondence with the cutter holes in the cutter rows, wherein the machining allowance is reserved in the corresponding cutter holes by taking the measured value of each cutter bar in each cutter row as reference;
step 4.2): hardness treatment and subsequent processing after tool rest disassembly
Disassembling the tool rest after the preliminary machining of the tool holes is finished, machining screw holes, honing and finishing the tool holes, measuring the height from the rotary center of the tool holes to the base plane of the mounting bottom plane after finishing, measuring the positioning distance between the rotary center of the tool holes closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane, and respectively numbering the tool holes correspondingly to record measurement data; performing soft nitriding treatment on the tool rest after the processing is finished;
finely honing each row of cutter holes according to the measured size of the excircle of the cutter bar; under the influence of the soft nitriding treatment, the distances between the rotation center of the row of cutter holes obtained after the fine honing and the bottom plane and the limiting side plane are slightly increased, and the bottom plane and the limiting side plane are also slightly deformed; re-measuring the height of a base plane between the rotation centers of the cutter holes in each row and the bottom plane, measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter hole in the row closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane, comparing the positioning distance with the previous measured value, respectively grinding the bottom plane and the limiting side plane according to the comparison difference, correcting the distance size, improving the flatness of the bottom plane and the limiting side plane, and selecting an upper deviation value according to the grinding size;
step 4.3): installing and using tool setting frame and readjusting precision
For a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the diameter of the centering shaft being 0.012mm, the grinded tool arrangement frame is installed back to a lathe sliding plate for use, various tools are installed in the tool arrangement holes through tool bars, and the positions of the tools on the x axis are set according to recorded numerical values;
for a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the runout amount precision when the tool arranging hole is aligned with the lathe spindle can be further improved; firstly, measuring the radial runout of a centering shaft diameter by using a dial indicator, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the directions of an x axis and a y axis; adjusting the position-limited and mounted row cutter frame to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting a dial indicator on a main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the row cutter hole, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing the gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole, operating the saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole, operating a saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to the z-y plane, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting, if the parallelism of the tool arranging hole and the z-axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x-axis of the tool arranging hole during correction centering according to the jumping quantity and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the x-axis, calculating the grinding quantity of the bottom plane according to the jumping quantity and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the y-axis, and correcting the jumping quantity of the y-axis through further grinding the bottom plane; if the parallelism of the X-axis and the Z-axis is out of tolerance, firstly adjusting the parallelism to be within an allowable precision range, and then detecting the maximum jumping amount of the X-axis and the Y-axis; the parallelism relative to the z-y plane can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism relative to the z-x plane can be adjusted by grinding the bottom plane.
Has the advantages that: the requirements of drilling, expanding and reamer position on coaxiality are increased through analyzing the machining characteristics of the lathe hole, and a corresponding tool rest structure and a modification process are designed according to the self precision and the structural characteristics of the lathe, so that the problems of high precision and quick tool changing of tool position modification of an economical numerical control lathe are solved.
1) A tool arranging frame is additionally arranged on the sliding plate, and a tool arranging hole is machined by utilizing the self precision of a machine tool, so that the coaxiality of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft is ensured; the surface hardness is improved by the soft nitriding treatment, the wear resistance is enhanced, and the position tolerance change caused by the heat treatment micro deformation is eliminated by the fine honing and grinding after the soft nitriding; the drilling, expanding and reaming tools are arranged in the tool arranging holes through the tool arranging rods, the coaxiality of the axes of the tools and the main shaft is guaranteed, the coaxiality is guaranteed by the precision of a machine tool, the tools do not need to be adjusted in the x axis and the y axis, and the machine adjusting efficiency is improved; for the machine tool with higher precision grade, the coaxial precision is further improved by readjusting the processing.
2) The modified tool position can be directly used for processing the parts by drilling, expanding, hinging and other processes on a lathe without prefabricating a bottom hole; the machining process has no abnormal sound, the cutter has no abnormal abrasion, and the machining size is within the tolerance range of the reaming hole, thereby meeting the precision requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the eccentricity of hole machining according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tool rest assembly according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
The attached drawings are marked as follows:
FIG. 1: a is a workpiece, B is a rotation center, C is a twist drill, D is the center of the twist drill, E is a centering drill, and F is the center of the centering drill;
FIG. 2: 1 is a chuck, 2 is a soft claw, 3 is a dial indicator, 4 is a clamping cutter bar, 5 is a cutter arranging rod, 6 is a screw hole, 7 is a cutter arranging frame, 8 is a sliding plate, 9 is a cutter arranging hole, 10 is a saddle, 11 is a limiting block,lin order to locate the distance between the two elements,his the height of the base surface,xin three-dimensional coordinate systemsxThe shaft is provided with a plurality of axial holes,yin three-dimensional coordinate systemsyThe shaft is provided with a plurality of axial holes,zin three-dimensional coordinate systemszA shaft.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be clearly and completely described below by combining the specific embodiment of the invention; it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the method for modifying the cutter position of the economical numerically controlled lathe shown in fig. 1 and 2, the main motion of lathe processing is the rotary motion of a workpiece a, and a cutter only translates without rotating; the workpiece A is arranged on a lathe chuck 1 and does rotary motion along with a main shaft, the installation and adjustment tools of a centering drill E and a twist drill C generate deviation, and the phenomenon that the center F of the centering drill is parallel to but not coaxial with the rotary center B or the phenomenon that the center D of the twist drill is crossed with the rotary center B in space can occur; when the cutter adjusting error is large, the centering drill E is broken by tangential force at the moment of contacting with the workpiece A in the back movement, along with the axial feeding of the twist drill C, when the auxiliary cutting edge enters the workpiece A, the twist drill C is bent or even broken, the subsequent processing can generate large error copying if turning, and the original size and form and position accuracy can be lost if reaming; the machining of the inner hole by adopting lathe drilling, expanding and reaming is greatly different from the machining of a drilling machine, the main motion of the drilling machine is a cutter, even if the center of the cutter is spatially crossed with the rotation center B of a workpiece A, the hole machining can still be completed along the center of the drill by using a twist drill C or a centering drill E, but the lathe is not in operation, and the cutter can be broken due to eccentric crossing; the inner hole is drilled, expanded and reamed by increasing the cutter position by adopting a lathe, and the coaxiality of the rotary center of the cutter and the main shaft of the lathe must be ensured.
The tool position refitting method of the economical numerical control lathe comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps of designing the structure and the installation and positioning of the tool rest, selecting and preprocessing the material of the tool rest, pre-adjusting a numerical control lathe, and installing, processing and adjusting the precision of the tool rest:
step 1): structure and installation positioning design of gang tool rest
Structural design of gang tool rest
The tool rest 7 is integrally rectangular and is arranged on a sliding plate 8 of a lathe, a limiting side plane, a bottom plane and a plurality of tool arranging holes 9 are formed in the tool rest 7, screw holes 6 are formed above the corresponding tool arranging holes 9 respectively, a groove is formed in the bottom plane of the tool rest 7, the rotation centers of the tool arranging holes 9 are parallel to the bottom plane and the limiting side plane respectively, fastening bolt holes are formed in the main body of the tool rest 7, the tool arranging rod 5 is arranged in the tool arranging holes 9, and the tool arranging rod and the tool arranging hole are in clearance fit and fastened through screws arranged in the screw holes 6;
installing and positioning design of gang tool rest
A limiting block 11 is arranged on the sliding plate 8, and the limiting block 11 is in contact with a limiting side plane of the tool rest 7 for limiting; the tool rest 7 is arranged on a sliding plate 8, the sliding plate 8 limits the rotation of the tool rest 7 on an x axis, the translation of a y axis and the rotation of a z axis, a limiting block 11 limits the translation of the tool rest 7 on the x axis and the rotation of the y axis, and after the tool rest 7 is fastened on the sliding plate 8 through bolts, the translation of the tool rest 7 on the z axis is also limited; the cutter arranging rod 5 initially arranged in the cutter arranging hole 9 can translate and rotate in the z-axis direction, the other degrees of freedom are limited, all the degrees of freedom are limited after the cutter arranging rod 5 is fastened by screws, and tool shanks of cutters such as a pilot drill E, a twist drill C, a reamer or a lathe tool and the like are arranged on the cutter arranging rod through a high-precision elastic chuck;
step 2): material selection and preprocessing of tool rest
The material of the tool rest 7 is alloy steel, and 40CrNi is adopted in the embodiment; quenching and tempering raw materials, wherein the quenching and tempering hardness is HRC 28-32, machining the quenched and tempered base material to form a geometric composition element of a tool rest 7, keeping a screw hole 6 and a tool rest hole 9 without machining, ensuring the mutual position precision between each plane of a cuboid, and requiring IT8 for the machining precision grade; grinding each plane of the machined tool rest 7 substrate, wherein the mutual position precision grade of the grinding process requires IT6, and after the grinding process, the flash and burr are manually removed, and the magnetic and corrosion resistant treatment is carried out for standby;
step 3): pre-adjustment of numerically controlled lathe
Step 3.1): clamping and adjusting a chuck;
installing a soft claw 2 on a chuck 1 of a lathe, finish turning a clamping inner contour of the soft claw 2 to ensure that the inner diameter size of the clamping inner contour is consistent with the outer circle size of a clamping cutter bar 4, installing the clamping cutter bar 4 after the finish turning of the soft claw 2 is finished, measuring the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar 4 close to the soft claw 2 by using a dial gauge 3, and adjusting the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar 4 to ensure that the runout falls within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of a lathe spindle; the tool holders of the cutters such as the centering drill E, the twist drill C, the reamer, the turning tool and the like are arranged on the clamping tool bar through high-precision elastic chucks and are respectively processed correspondingly;
step 3.2): positioning, installing and adjusting the sliding plate;
disassembling the lathe sliding plate 8, machining a screw hole for fastening the limiting block 11 and the tool rest 7 on the sliding plate 8, resetting the lathe sliding plate 8 and detecting the resetting precision, so that the parallelism of the transverse movement of the reference groove or the reference side surface of the sliding plate 8 relative to the x axis meets the precision requirement of the lathe; installing and adjusting a limiting block 11, wherein the adjusting precision of the limiting block 11 is executed according to the parallel precision requirement of the saddle 10 moving relative to the axis of the main shaft in the z-axis direction;
step 4): mounting processing and precision adjustment of gang tool rest
Step 4.1): firstly installing tool rest and primarily processing tool holes
The pre-processed tool setting post 7 is limited and tightly mounted on a sliding plate 8, a centering drill E is mounted on a clamping cutter bar 4, a numerical control system of a machine tool is manually adjusted according to the position of a tool setting hole 9 designed in the x-axis direction, the sliding plate 8 drives the tool setting post 7 to move along the x-axis to the position where the rotation center of the tool setting hole 9 coincides with the center of a main shaft of the machine tool, and the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to an original point O on the x-axis at the moment is recorded; after determining the x-axis coordinate of the tool arranging holes 9, operating a machine tool saddle 10 to feed and punch a centering hole along the z-axis, withdrawing the tool along the z-axis after finishing the machining of the centering hole, adjusting the position of the tool arranging frame 7 in the x-axis direction again until the position of the next tool arranging hole 9, recording the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to the original point O in the x-axis at the moment, and repeatedly machining the centering hole; processing the centering holes of each row of cutter holes 9 according to the method, and recording corresponding x-axis coordinate values;
after the centering hole is machined, replacing the cutter with a twist drill C, detecting and controlling the radial runout of the clamping cutter rod 4 close to the soft claw 2 by using the dial indicator 3 again to enable the runout to fall within the radial runout range of the self centering shaft diameter of the lathe spindle, gradually adjusting the tool rest 7 to a corresponding position according to the recorded x-axis coordinate value of the centering hole, drilling through holes one by one on the basis of the machined centering hole, and repeating the operation until all the through holes of the tool rest 9 are machined; sequentially replacing the expanding drill and the reamer, repeating the machining operation of the twist drill C, and completing the semi-finish machining of each through hole, wherein the final semi-finish machining process of the through holes can adopt finish reaming or finish boring, and the final semi-finish machining process of the embodiment adopts finish reaming; measuring the excircle diameter of the actual cutter bars 5, and marking the excircle diameter in correspondence to the cutter holes 9, wherein the machining allowance is left in the corresponding cutter holes 9 by taking the actual measured value of each cutter bar 5 as reference, and the machining allowance in the embodiment is 0.041 mm;
step 4.2): hardness treatment and subsequent processing after tool rest disassembly
Dismantling the gang tool rest 7 which finishes the primary processing of the gang tool hole 9, processing the screw hole 6, removing the flanging burr at the joint of the screw hole 6 and the gang tool hole 9, honing each gang tool hole 9, finishing the cylindricity of the gang tool hole 9 to within 0.002mm, finishing the grinding amount to 0.015mm, measuring the height of the base plane from the rotation center of each gang tool hole 9 to the installation base plane after finishinghAnd measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter arranging hole 9 closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side planelCorrespondingly numbering each row of cutter holes 9 and recording measurement data;
the soft nitriding treatment is performed to the finishing tool rest 7 in this embodimentEffective layer depth of 0.4mm, hardness HR 15N: 91; finely honing each row of cutter holes 9 according to the measured size of the excircle of the cutter bar 5, wherein the clearance fit value between the cutter holes and the corresponding cutter bars is 0.002 mm; re-measuring the height of the base plane between the centre of rotation of each row of cutter holes 9 and the base planehAnd measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter arranging hole 9 closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side planelComparing the ground plane with a measured value after honing, respectively grinding the bottom plane and the limiting side plane according to a comparison difference value, and selecting an upper deviation value according to each size during grinding;
step 4.3): installing and using tool setting frame and readjusting precision
For a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the diameter of a centering shaft being 0.012mm, a grinded tool rest 7 is mounted on a return lathe sliding plate 8 to be used, various tool holders are mounted in tool rest holes 9 through a tool rest bar 5, and the positions of tools such as a centering drill E, a twist drill C, a reamer and the like on an x axis are set according to recorded numerical values;
for a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the runout amount precision when the tool arranging hole 9 is aligned with the lathe spindle can be further improved; firstly, measuring the radial runout of a centering shaft diameter by using a dial indicator 3, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the directions of an x axis and a y axis; adjusting the position-limited and mounted tool rest 7 to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting the dial indicator 3 on the main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the tool arranging hole 9, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing a gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole 9, operating the saddle 10 to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole 9 relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and deviation direction with the length of 100 mm; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole 9, operating the saddle 10 to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole 9 relative to the z-y surface, and recording the parallelism difference and deviation direction with the length of 100 mm; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging holes 9 relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting, if the parallelism of the tool arranging holes 9 in two directions of the z axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x axis of the tool arranging holes 9 during correction centering according to the jumping amount and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging holes 9 in the x axis, calculating the grinding amount of the bottom plane according to the jumping amount and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging holes 9 in the y axis, and further grinding the bottom plane to correct the jumping amount of the y axis; if the parallelism of the X-axis and the Z-axis is out of tolerance, firstly adjusting the parallelism to be within an allowable precision range, and then detecting the maximum jumping amount of the X-axis and the Y-axis; the parallelism relative to the z-y plane can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism relative to the z-x plane can be adjusted by grinding the bottom plane.
The modified tool position can be directly used for drilling, expanding and reaming the part on a lathe without prefabricating a bottom hole; the tool position obtained by the tool position refitting method of the economical numerical control lathe is subjected to trial production through drilling, expanding, rough reaming and finish reaming processes, the diameter of an inner hole is 8mm, the sample piece is made of hardened and tempered material, the hardness of the sample piece is HRC25, the hole depth is 60mm, the actual measurement value range of a processed hole is 8.0112-8.0155 mm, no noise exists in the processing process, the cutter is not subjected to abnormal wear, the size of the trial-produced sample piece falls within the tolerance range of reaming, and the accuracy requirement is met.
Claims (10)
1. The method for modifying the cutter position of the economical numerically controlled lathe is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1): the structure and installation positioning design of the tool rest;
step 2): selecting materials of the tool rest and preprocessing a main body structure;
step 3): pre-adjusting the numerical control lathe;
step 4): installing and processing a tool rest and adjusting the precision;
wherein, numerical control lathe's preliminary adjustment includes:
step 3.1): clamping and adjusting a chuck;
step 3.2): positioning, installing and adjusting the sliding plate;
the installation processing and the precision adjustment of tool setting frame include:
step 4.1): firstly installing a tool rest and primarily processing a tool hole;
step 4.2): after the tool rest is disassembled, carrying out hardness treatment and subsequent processing;
step 4.3): installing and using the tool rest and readjusting and processing the precision.
2. The method for modifying the tool position of an economical numerically controlled lathe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gang tool holder is formed in a square shape as a whole, the gang tool holder is provided with a gang tool hole, a limit side plane and a bottom plane, screw holes are respectively provided above the corresponding gang tool hole, a groove is provided on the bottom plane of the gang tool holder, the centers of rotation of the gang tool hole are respectively parallel to the bottom plane and the limit side plane, and the main body of the gang tool holder is provided with a fastening bolt hole.
3. The tool position modification method of the economic numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein in the installation positioning design in the step 1, a limiting block is arranged on the sliding plate, the limiting block is in contact with a limiting side plane of the gang tool rest for limiting, and the limiting block limits the translation of the gang tool rest in the x axis and the rotation of the gang tool rest in the y axis; the tool rest is arranged on the sliding plate, the sliding plate limits the rotation of the tool rest on an x axis, the translation of a y axis and the rotation of a z axis, the tool rest is fastened on the sliding plate through bolts, and the translation of the tool rest on the z axis is limited; the cutter bar in the cutter arranging hole can translate and rotate along the z-axis direction, the other degrees of freedom are limited, and after the cutter bar is fastened by the screw, all degrees of freedom are limited.
4. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the material of the tool rest in the step 2 is alloy steel, the material is subjected to thermal refining in advance, machining is performed after the thermal refining, screw holes and the tool arranging holes are left unmachined, and the machining precision level requirement is IT 8; and grinding each plane of the machined tool rest, wherein the mutual position precision grade of the grinding is required to be IT 6.
5. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the chuck clamping adjustment in step 3.1 is performed by installing a soft jaw on a chuck of the lathe, performing finish turning on a clamping inner contour of the soft jaw, wherein the inner diameter of the clamping inner contour is consistent with the outer diameter of a clamping cutter bar, installing the clamping cutter bar after the finish turning of the soft jaw, measuring the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar close to the soft jaw by using a dial gauge, and adjusting the radial runout of the clamping cutter bar to enable the runout to fall within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of the lathe spindle.
6. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the slide plate in the step 3.2 is positioned, installed and adjusted, the lathe slide plate is disassembled, fastening limit screw holes are machined in the slide plate, the lathe slide plate is reset, and the reset precision is detected, so that the motion precision of the slide plate meets the precision requirement of the lathe; and a limiting block is installed and adjusted, and the adjustment precision of the limiting block is executed according to the parallel precision requirement of the saddle moving relative to the axis of the main shaft in the z-axis direction.
7. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the tool setting rest in step 4.1 is firstly installed and the tool setting hole is preliminarily machined, the pre-machined tool setting rest is limited and tightly installed on a sliding plate, a centering drill is installed on a clamping tool bar, a numerical control system of the machine tool is adjusted according to the position of the tool setting hole designed in the x-axis direction, the sliding plate drives the tool setting rest to move along the x-axis to the position where the rotation center of the tool setting hole coincides with the center of the main shaft of the machine tool, and the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft at the time on the x-axis relative to the origin O is recorded; after determining the x-axis coordinate of the tool arranging holes, operating a saddle of the machine tool to feed and punch the centering holes along the z-axis, withdrawing the tool along the z-axis after finishing the machining of the centering holes, adjusting the position of the tool arranging frame in the x-axis direction again until the next tool arranging hole is positioned, recording the coordinate value of the center of the main shaft relative to the original point O on the x-axis at the moment, and repeatedly machining the centering holes; processing the centering hole of each row of cutter holes, and recording the corresponding x-axis coordinate value;
after the centering hole is machined, the cutter is replaced, radial runout of the clamping cutter bar close to the soft claw is detected and controlled by a dial indicator, the runout amount is made to fall within the radial runout range of the self-centering shaft diameter of the lathe spindle, the tool rest is adjusted to the corresponding position one by one according to the recorded x-axis coordinate value of the centering hole, through hole machining is completed, and the operation is repeated until all through holes of the tool rest are machined; sequentially replacing the cutters, and repeating the previous machining operation to finish the semi-finish machining of each through hole; and measuring the actual excircle diameter of the cutter bars, and marking the cutter bars to be in one-to-one correspondence with the cutter holes, wherein the machining allowance is reserved in the corresponding cutter holes by taking the measured value of each cutter bar as reference.
8. The tool position modification method of an economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the tool rest of step 4.2 is disassembled, subjected to hardness treatment and subsequent processing, the tool rest which has completed the preliminary processing of the tool holes is disassembled, screw holes are processed, the tool holes are honed and finished, the height of the base plane from the rotation center of the tool holes to the mounting base plane is measured, the positioning distance between the rotation center of the tool hole closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane is measured, and the tool holes are numbered correspondingly and record measurement data; carrying out soft nitriding treatment on the tool rest after finishing;
finely honing each row of cutter holes, re-measuring the height of a base plane between the rotation center of each row of cutter holes and the bottom plane, measuring the positioning distance between the rotation center of the cutter holes closest to the limiting side plane and the limiting side plane, comparing the positioning distance with the measured value after honing, grinding the bottom plane and the limiting side plane respectively according to the comparison difference, and selecting an upper deviation value according to the grinding size.
9. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 1, wherein the tool arranging frame in the step 4.3 is installed, used and processed with readjustment of precision, for a lathe with a radial run-out requirement of a centering shaft diameter of 0.012mm, the tool arranging frame after grinding is installed back on a lathe sliding plate and can be used, tool shanks of various tools are installed in tool arranging holes through tool arranging rods, and the positions of the tools on the x axis are set according to the recorded numerical values;
for a lathe with the radial runout requirement of the centering shaft diameter of 0.005mm, the runout amount precision when the tool arranging hole is aligned with the lathe spindle is further improved; firstly, measuring the radial runout of a centering shaft diameter by using a dial indicator, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the directions of an x axis and a y axis; adjusting the position-limited and mounted row cutter frame to the x-axis coordinate position when a through hole is machined in the x-axis direction, mounting a dial indicator on a main shaft, rotating the main shaft to measure the runout amount of the row cutter hole, and respectively recording the maximum runout amount and the runout direction in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction; placing the gauge needle at the lowest position of the cutter arranging hole, operating the saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to a z-x surface, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; placing a gauge needle at the maximum lateral position of the cutter arranging hole, operating a saddle to move along the z axis, measuring the parallelism of the cutter arranging hole relative to the z-y plane, and recording the parallelism difference and the deviation direction; analyzing the deviation state of the tool arranging hole relative to the main shaft according to the measured value and correspondingly adjusting, if the parallelism of the tool arranging hole and the z-axis is within the precision range of the lathe, calculating the coordinate value of the x-axis of the tool arranging hole during correction centering according to the jumping quantity and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the x-axis, calculating the grinding quantity of the bottom plane according to the jumping quantity and the direction of the main shaft and the tool arranging hole on the y-axis, and correcting the jumping quantity of the y-axis through further grinding the bottom plane; if the parallelism of the X-axis and the Z-axis is out of tolerance, firstly adjusting the parallelism to be within an allowable precision range, and then detecting the maximum jumping amount of the X-axis and the Y-axis; the parallelism relative to the z-y plane can be adjusted by loosening the fastening bolt, and the parallelism relative to the z-x plane can be adjusted by grinding the bottom plane.
10. The method for modifying the tool position of the economical numerically controlled lathe according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the tool-arranging rod is arranged in the tool-arranging hole, and the tool-arranging rod and the tool-arranging hole are in clearance fit and are fastened by a screw arranged in the screw hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530997.3A CN112571091A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530997.3A CN112571091A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112571091A true CN112571091A (en) | 2021-03-30 |
Family
ID=75139041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530997.3A Pending CN112571091A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112571091A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113199043A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Tool for turning and drilling center hole, numerically controlled lathe and machining process |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011013358A1 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Gehring Technologies Gmbh | Spindle for use as e.g. part of honing machine, for machine tool, has fastening member including passage or front surface, where passage or surface and nose part are guided in axial direction when nose part is unscrewed from axial groove |
| CN102744427A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-24 | 中国有色（沈阳）冶金机械有限公司 | Horizontal lathe for machining cylindrical eccentric part and method adopted by same |
| CN103100748A (en) * | 2011-11-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贾维静 | Lathe milling tool design method and milling machining method |
| CN103399996A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-20 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-target topological optimization design method for flexible mechanism for fast servo tool rest |
| CN104148680A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 山东理工大学 | Tool rest and programming machining technology capable of reducing cylindricity error during numerical control turning for slender axle |
| CN104325308A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-04 | 苏州华冲精密机械有限公司 | Novel power tool holder for machine tool machining |
| CN212168961U (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-12-18 | 芜湖之乐轴承有限公司 | Cutter and lathe using same |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202011530997.3A patent/CN112571091A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011013358A1 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Gehring Technologies Gmbh | Spindle for use as e.g. part of honing machine, for machine tool, has fastening member including passage or front surface, where passage or surface and nose part are guided in axial direction when nose part is unscrewed from axial groove |
| CN103100748A (en) * | 2011-11-12 | 2013-05-15 | 贾维静 | Lathe milling tool design method and milling machining method |
| CN102744427A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-24 | 中国有色（沈阳）冶金机械有限公司 | Horizontal lathe for machining cylindrical eccentric part and method adopted by same |
| CN103399996A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-20 | 上海交通大学 | Multi-target topological optimization design method for flexible mechanism for fast servo tool rest |
| CN104148680A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 山东理工大学 | Tool rest and programming machining technology capable of reducing cylindricity error during numerical control turning for slender axle |
| CN104325308A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-02-04 | 苏州华冲精密机械有限公司 | Novel power tool holder for machine tool machining |
| CN212168961U (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-12-18 | 芜湖之乐轴承有限公司 | Cutter and lathe using same |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113199043A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-03 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Tool for turning and drilling center hole, numerically controlled lathe and machining process |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102806443B (en) | Numerically-controlled processing method of nozzle housing piece | |
| CN108436393A (en) | A kind of cylinder roller bearing solid cage processing method and Set and Positioning tooling | |
| CN105500113B (en) | Machine tool chief axis folder bits warning device and method based on non-contact displacement sensor | |
| CN102581618A (en) | Precision drilling and honing combined processing method and processing device used for implementing the method | |
| CN110328567B (en) | Integrated machining method for measuring and grinding large-depth-diameter-ratio hole | |
| CN111390250B (en) | Weak-rigidity thin-wall structural part and machining method thereof and station quick-change positioning and clamping device | |
| CN112571096B (en) | Method for adjusting installation precision of lathe tool rest | |
| US2849902A (en) | Presetting boring bar and tool holder | |
| CN113601119B (en) | Machining method for high-power diesel engine camshaft | |
| CN112571091A (en) | Tool position refitting method of economical numerical control lathe | |
| CN114619210A (en) | Method for machining small-wall-thickness-difference deep blind hole barrel type part | |
| CN112571092A (en) | Trimming method for position accuracy of tool hole array | |
| CN114589464A (en) | Method for machining inner hole of high-precision long and thin cylindrical part | |
| CN102501085A (en) | Tool and method for processing bearing pedestal by using lathe | |
| CN106363216A (en) | Milling method of high-precision cylindrical hydraulic oil separation groove | |
| CN109513947B (en) | Machining process of large flange with conical surface sealing structure | |
| CN112571095A (en) | Method for machining tool row holes | |
| CN112571094A (en) | Lathe tool rest and mounting and positioning method thereof | |
| CN112571093A (en) | Lathe tool rest and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN214291755U (en) | A frock clamp for numerical control lathe processing step hole | |
| RU2714757C1 (en) | Thread-milling cutter | |
| CN110052671B (en) | TiC-based steel cemented hard alloy fine tooth external thread milling device | |
| CN202278402U (en) | Process equipment for machining bearing block by utilizing lathe | |
| CN112122893A (en) | Finish machining method for electric bounce rotor shaft | |
| CN102909580A (en) | Sliding valve tool for twin-screw compressor and sliding valve processing method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |