CN112558180B - Method for rapidly checking seismic horizon calibration accuracy by utilizing horizontal isochronal plane - Google Patents
Method for rapidly checking seismic horizon calibration accuracy by utilizing horizontal isochronal plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN112558180B CN112558180B CN202110009718.7A CN202110009718A CN112558180B CN 112558180 B CN112558180 B CN 112558180B CN 202110009718 A CN202110009718 A CN 202110009718A CN 112558180 B CN112558180 B CN 112558180B
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapidly checking the calibration accuracy of a seismic horizon by using a horizontal isochronous surface, which comprises the following steps: 1. according to the similarity of the synthetic record and the well side seismic data, primarily finishing the horizon calibration of all wells in the research area, namely the space velocity field of the research area; 2. establishing horizontal isochronal planes distributed throughout a study area in a seismic data volume; 3. performing time-depth conversion on the horizontal isochronous surface by using a space velocity field obtained after horizon calibration to obtain a depth surface of the isochronous surface under the velocity field; 4. a plane contour map of the depth surface is compiled, the position of an abnormal point in the map reflects the abnormality of the speed, and the position of the abnormal point is the position of a well point with inaccurate horizon calibration; 5. establishing a section of the abnormal well point, and carrying out well shock synthesis record matching again on the well position with inaccurate horizon calibration; 6. repeating three to five until the depth surface trend reflecting the speed change is natural and has no abnormal point. The invention improves the calibration accuracy of areas lacking obvious mark layers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and sandstone uranium ore exploration, in particular to a method for rapidly detecting the accuracy of seismic horizon calibration by using horizontal isochronous surfaces.
Background
The sound wave excited by the earth surface is reflected by the underground rock stratum, received by the earth surface detector and processed to obtain the seismic data which can be interpreted by geology personnel. The seismic data reflects the rich information of the underground geologic body and has the characteristics of high transverse resolution and low longitudinal resolution. Therefore, it is necessary to perform research work on underground rock formations, such as performing well-seismic combined formation partition contrast work, etc., in combination with well data having high longitudinal resolution.
The seismic data record the reflection time of sound wave, which is time domain data; and the well data is depth domain data. And fitting the seismic channel by using the acoustic time difference curve data and the density curve data in the well data and combining the seismic wavelets, namely, the synthetic record. And matching the synthesized record with the seismic data to establish a speed field of a single well, so as to realize the conversion from the depth domain layer to the time domain layer, namely layer calibration. The synthetic record horizon calibration of multiple wells can obtain more accurate space velocity fields, thereby obtaining accurate depth domain stratum information.
In the horizon calibration process, technicians are used to searching for a marker layer with obvious reflection characteristics, and the marker layer is used to carry out synthetic recording and seismic data matching. Then, the computer obtains the similarity coefficient after the two are matched, and the synthetic record and the seismic data are the best match by fine tuning to make the similarity coefficient the highest. Finally, the horizon calibration of a plurality of wells is completed, a three-dimensional speed body model is obtained, and the rationality of the horizon calibration is checked by observing the space change rule of the speed body.
The following problems exist in the above technology: firstly, for areas lacking obvious mark layers, accurate matching of the synthetic records and the seismic data is difficult to achieve, especially for sandstone-type uranium ore seismic exploration, the target layers are generally before 800 meters, and the obvious mark layers are often lacking. Secondly, the time for establishing the three-dimensional velocity body is long, technicians are generally used to establishing a velocity body model for inspection after finishing horizon calibration of all wells in the study, then modifying the velocity body model one by one, and establishing the velocity body model again for inspection, so that the working efficiency is low. If the accuracy of horizon calibration can be judged on the premise of not building a speed body model, the working efficiency is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for rapidly checking the accuracy of seismic horizon calibration by using horizontal isochronal planes, which is used for solving the problem of improving the accuracy and the working efficiency of seismic horizon calibration in areas lacking obvious mark layers.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for rapidly checking the calibration accuracy of the seismic horizon by using the horizontal isochronal plane comprises the following steps:
1. acquiring seismic data of a research area, acoustic time difference curves and density curve data of all wells of the research area, utilizing the acoustic time difference curves and the density curves to manufacture synthetic records, and primarily completing layer calibration of all wells in the research area according to the similarity of the synthetic records and the seismic data beside the wells, and primarily obtaining a space velocity field of the research area;
2. establishing horizontal isochronal planes distributed in the whole research area in the seismic data volume according to the time domain range of the target layer;
3. performing time-depth conversion on the horizontal isochronous surface by using the space velocity field obtained after the layer calibration in the step one to obtain a depth surface of the isochronous surface under the velocity field; according to the formula: depth = speed x time, where time is a constant value, the change in depth will reflect the change in speed, so the depth plane of the isochronous plane at that speed field will reflect the planar change in speed;
4. the plane contour map of the depth surface obtained in the third programming step shows the plane change of the speed through the plane contour map, the position of an abnormal point in the plane contour map reflects the speed abnormality, the abnormal point in the plane contour map is the position of a well point with inaccurate horizon calibration, and the abnormal point is defined as an abnormal well point;
5. establishing a section of the abnormal well point, observing the depth change trend of the depth surface on the section, and carrying out well vibration synthesis record matching again on the well position with inaccurate horizon calibration;
6. repeating the third to fifth steps until the depth surface trend reflecting the speed change is natural and no abnormal point exists, and the synthetic record calibration result of each well in the research area is reasonable.
The method for establishing the horizontal isochronous plane in the scheme comprises the following steps:
1. drawing two interpretation lines penetrating through the sections on the sections at the two ends of the seismic data body respectively;
2. the two interpretation lines are spatially interpolated by interpretation software to obtain an interpretation plane of the distribution research area, denoted as S Interpretation of the drawings ;
3. Because of errors in manual interpretation, the interpretation plane may not be a horizontal isochronous plane, and then horizon operation is performed on the interpretation plane by using interpretation software, where the operation formula is:
S horizontal level =S Interpretation of the drawings ×0+T （1）
Wherein S is Horizontal level For horizontal isochronous surfaces to be obtained, S Interpretation of the drawings For the interpretation plane obtained by manual interpretation and interpolation, T is the time domain value of the horizontal isochronal plane.
In the scheme, the method for adjusting the well position with inaccurate horizon calibration comprises the following steps:
1. establishing a section of the abnormal well point, and observing the depth change trend of the depth surface on the section;
2. if the depth surface shows obvious downward sinking, namely an abnormally high value, indicating that the well speed is larger, downward adjustment is carried out on the synthesized records to match, and the adjustment amplitude of the synthesized records is estimated according to the downward sinking amplitude of the depth surface;
3. if the depth surface shows obvious upward bulge, namely an abnormally low value, the synthesized record is adjusted upward for matching.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. and the calibration result of the synthetic record is checked by observing the speed change rule, so that the calibration accuracy of the region lacking an obvious mark layer is improved.
2. The time-depth conversion is carried out on horizontal equal-time planes, so that the plane change rule of the speed can be obtained, the speed can be checked without establishing a speed body model, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.
3. The plane position of the abnormal well point can be rapidly found through the plane contour map of the depth surface after the depth conversion during the programming; the adjustment direction and the amplitude of the synthetic record can be intuitively known through the section observation at the abnormal well point. Thus, the present invention provides an explicit synthetic record adjustment scheme.
4. The method for rapidly checking the accuracy of the seismic horizon calibration is used for solving the problem of improving the accuracy and the working efficiency of the seismic horizon calibration in areas lacking obvious mark layers, and is suitable for the fields of petroleum and natural gas exploration and sandstone-type uranium exploration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a well synthesis record and its matching results with parawell seismic data;
FIG. 2 is a view of two end sections of a seismic volume, each of which is drawn as an interpretation line and spatially interpolated;
FIG. 3 is a planar contour plot of a depth surface;
FIG. 4 is a cross section through an abnormal well point and an adjacent well;
FIG. 5 is a depth surface contour map re-plotted after adjustment of a synthetic record for an outlier well.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method for rapidly checking the calibration accuracy of the seismic horizon by using the horizontal isochronal plane comprises the following steps:
1. acquiring seismic data of a research area, acoustic time difference curves and density curve data of all wells, and utilizing the acoustic time difference curves and the density curves to manufacture a synthetic record, wherein in FIG. 1, the horizon calibration of all wells in the research area is primarily completed according to the similarity between the synthetic record and a side-of-well seismic channel, namely, the space velocity field of the research area is primarily obtained;
2. in creating a horizontal isochronal plane of a distributed full area in a seismic volume, fig. 1 shows that the time domain of the destination layer is approximately around 350ms, so that a horizontal isochronal plane with a time domain value of 350ms needs to be obtained:
1. FIG. 2 (a) shows the inline range of a seismic volume L100-L600, with two cross-sectional illustrations at each end of the seismic volume, namely the L100 and L600 sections;
2. FIG. 2 (b) shows spatial interpolation using interpretation software to obtain an interpretation plane of the full region of the distribution, denoted S Interpretation of the drawings ；
3. By means of solutionReleasing software to the interpretation plane S Interpretation of the drawings And performing horizon operation, wherein an operation formula is as follows:
S horizontal level =S Interpretation of the drawings ×0+350 （2）
Wherein S is Horizontal level For the horizontal isochronous plane to be obtained, the time threshold is 350ms, S Interpretation of the drawings An interpretation plane obtained for manual interpretation and interpolation.
3. In interpretation software, the horizontal isochronous surface is subjected to time-depth conversion by using a space velocity field obtained after horizon calibration, and a depth surface of the isochronous surface under the velocity field is obtained, wherein the depth surface reflects the plane change of the velocity. According to the formula: depth = speed x time, where time is a constant value, the change in depth will reflect the change in speed, and therefore the depth plane of the isochronous plane at that speed field will reflect the planar change in speed.
4. FIG. 3 shows a planar contour map of the depth surface, wherein contour lines at the C well are very dense and are outliers, and the inaccuracy of the calibration of the C well horizon is demonstrated;
5. establishing a section passing through the abnormal well point, and carrying out well vibration horizon matching on the C well again by combining the change trend of the depth surface on the section:
1. FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a C-well and adjacent cross-section with the depth surface shown as a dip (i.e., abnormally high value) indicating that the well is at a greater rate;
2. the downward adjustment of the synthesized record of the C well is matched, the adjustment amplitude can refer to the downward concave amplitude of the well, namely, the larger the downward concave amplitude is, the larger the downward adjustment amplitude of the synthesized record is;
3. and (5) carrying out deep conversion again to obtain a new depth surface contour map, and checking the effect after adjustment as shown in fig. 5.
6. Repeating the steps three to five until the contour line in the depth surface contour map changes naturally and has no abnormal point, and the synthetic record calibration result of each well is reasonable.
Claims (3)
1. A method for rapidly checking the accuracy of seismic horizon calibration by using horizontal isochronous planes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. acquiring seismic data of a research area, acoustic time difference curves and density curve data of all wells of the research area, utilizing the acoustic time difference curves and the density curves to manufacture synthetic records, and primarily completing layer calibration of all wells in the research area according to the similarity of the synthetic records and the seismic data beside the wells, and primarily obtaining a space velocity field of the research area;
2. establishing horizontal isochronal planes distributed in the whole research area in the seismic data volume according to the time domain range of the target layer;
3. performing time-depth conversion on the horizontal isochronous surface by using the space velocity field obtained after the layer calibration in the step one to obtain a depth surface of the isochronous surface under the velocity field; according to the formula: depth = speed x time, when time is a fixed value, the change in depth will reflect the change in speed, the depth plane of the isochronous plane at that speed field reflects the planar change in speed;
4. the plane contour map of the depth surface obtained in the third programming step shows the plane change of the speed through the plane contour map, the position of an abnormal point in the plane contour map reflects the speed abnormality, the abnormal point in the plane contour map is the position of a well point with inaccurate horizon calibration, and the abnormal point is defined as an abnormal well point;
5. establishing a section of the abnormal well point, observing the depth change trend of the depth surface on the section, and carrying out well vibration synthesis record matching again on the well position with inaccurate horizon calibration;
repeating the third to fifth steps until the depth surface trend reflecting the speed change is natural and no abnormal point exists, and the synthetic record calibration result of each well in the research area is reasonable.
2. The method for rapidly checking the accuracy of seismic horizon calibration by using horizontal isochronal surfaces according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for establishing the horizontal isochronous surface comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively drawing two interpretation lines penetrating through the sections on the sections at two ends of a seismic data body;
step 2, performing spatial interpolation on the two interpretation lines by using interpretation software to obtain distributionAn explanation plane of the investigation region is denoted as S Interpretation of the drawings ;
Step 3, because of the error of manual interpretation, the interpretation plane may not be a horizontal isochronous plane, and then the interpretation plane is subjected to horizon operation by using interpretation software, wherein the operation formula is as follows:
S horizontal level =S Interpretation of the drawings ×0+T （1）
Wherein S is Horizontal level For horizontal isochronous surfaces to be obtained, S Interpretation of the drawings For the interpretation plane obtained by manual interpretation and interpolation, T is the time domain value of the horizontal isochronal plane.
3. The method for rapidly checking the accuracy of seismic horizon calibration by using horizontal isochronal surfaces according to claim 2, wherein: the method for adjusting the well position with inaccurate horizon calibration comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a section of an abnormal well point, and observing the depth change trend of a depth surface on the section;
step 2, if the depth surface shows obvious downward sinking, namely an abnormally high value, indicating that the well speed is larger, downward adjusting and matching the synthesized records, and estimating the adjusting amplitude of the synthesized records according to the downward sinking amplitude of the depth surface;
and step 3, if the depth surface shows obvious upward bulge, namely an abnormally low value, upward adjustment is carried out on the synthesized record for matching.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2723951A1 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Seismic horizon skeletonization |
| CN107688206A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-13 | 中国石油大港油田勘探开发研究院 | A kind of HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISION and control methods |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2723951A1 (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-11-26 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Seismic horizon skeletonization |
| CN107688206A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-13 | 中国石油大港油田勘探开发研究院 | A kind of HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISION and control methods |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 基于合成记录的综合层位标定技术;张永华, 陈萍, 赵雨晴, 朱军, 刘景颜;石油地球物理勘探(01);全文 * |
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