CN112557469A - Convolution current voltammetry for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vitamin detection, and particularly relates to a convolution current voltammetry for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E, which comprises the following steps: taking a blood sample to be detected to react with a vitamin releasing agent, so that the vitamin in a combined state in the blood sample to be detected is converted into the vitamin in a free state, wherein the vitamin releasing agent consists of a solvent and an inert supporting electrolyte; detecting the redox current generated by the vitamin in the blood sample to be detected on the modified working electrode by using a convolution current voltammetry; the vitamin content in the blood sample to be detected is calculated through a linear equation according to the current signal values of the samples to be detected under the same condition. Overcomes the defects of the prior art, and simultaneously determines the content of the vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample by adopting a convolution current voltammetry method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vitamin detection, and particularly relates to a convolution current voltammetry for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E.
Background
With the progress of society, people pay more and more attention to their health. As vitamins having important physiological functions of the body, the rational application, treatment and diagnostic monitoring of the vitamins are also increasingly emphasized, wherein the fat-soluble vitamin A, D, E plays an important role in regulating substance metabolism, maintaining physiological functions and the like.
Vitamin A can maintain normal visual function, maintain normal development of bones and promote growth and reproduction, the regeneration of rhodopsin is slowed due to the deficiency of vitamin A, night blindness can be caused in severe cases, growth stagnation and poor cellular immunity can be caused due to long-term deficiency, and poisoning can be caused by the excessive amount of vitamin A.
Vitamin D is a sterol derivative with rickets resisting effect, and can promote the absorption of calcium, further calcify bone, maintain the normal structure of bone and teeth, and help the absorption of vitamin A. Vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to rickets, while adults are osteomalacia; when vitamin D is excessive, inflammation, cell degeneration and calcification occur, and other excessive symptoms include anorexia, rapid weight loss, elevation of blood calcium and blood phosphate.
Vitamin E can block the chain reaction of free radicals, is an antioxidant in human body, is related to reproductive function, and can promote sex hormone secretion, reduce cell aging, delay aging, prevent arteriosclerosis and the like. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to reduced fertility, anemia, muscular dystrophy, etc., while excess can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, chapped skin, angular stomatitis, gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Therefore, the quantitative detection of the vitamin A, D, E has great clinical significance, if the three vitamins can be detected simultaneously, the detection time can be greatly shortened, the use amount of a sample can be reduced, and the content, the mutual influence and the synergistic effect of the vitamin A, D, E in the same sample can be analyzed simultaneously.
The existing methods for detecting vitamin A, D, E are different, and mainly comprise gravimetric methods, titration methods, fluorescence analysis methods, high performance liquid chromatography methods, electrochemical methods and the like. The gravimetric method and the titration method are complex to operate, are difficult to be applied to clinical routine determination, have large measurement errors on low-content components, cause large errors if the terminal point judgment is not sharp, and cannot simultaneously detect the vitamin A, D, E; the pretreatment processes of the spectral analysis method and the chromatography method are too complicated and time-consuming, more organic solvents are used, and the required amount of blood samples is large; the electrochemical method is sensitive and rapid, needs less samples, does not need pretreatment, and is particularly suitable for detecting the vitamins in the biological samples.
The existing electrochemical analysis technology for detecting vitamins is mainly realized by the traditional linear sweep voltammetry, the conventional pulse voltammetry, the differential pulse voltammetry, the square wave voltammetry, the stripping voltammetry and the like, although the methods can be used for detecting vitamins, the sensitivity is low, particularly when the vitamin A, D, E in a blood sample is detected simultaneously, the detection limit is high, and the peaks of the two substances are not separated and cannot reach the concentration level of the vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a convolution current voltammetry method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, adopts the convolution current voltammetry method to simultaneously determine the content of vitamin A, D, E in a blood sample, has the advantages of high sensitivity, good reproducibility, more convenient peak type current signal measurement, convenient and fast operation, shorter detection time and the like, and can simultaneously and accurately detect the content of vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample in the same system.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a convolution current voltammetry method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E, comprising the following steps:
taking a blood sample to be detected to react with a vitamin releasing agent, so that the vitamin in a combined state in the blood sample to be detected is converted into the vitamin in a free state, wherein the vitamin releasing agent consists of a solvent and an inert supporting electrolyte; detecting the redox current generated by the vitamin in the blood sample to be detected on the modified working electrode by using a convolution current voltammetry; the vitamin content in the blood sample to be detected is calculated through a linear equation according to the current signal values of the samples to be detected under the same condition.
Further, the modification method of the working electrode specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a glassy carbon electrode as a substrate electrode, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the substrate electrode for later use;
(2) dripping or electroplating a modification solution on the surface of the matrix electrode prepared in the step (1), and drying by using an infrared lamp to prepare the modified electrode; the modification solution is composed of one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, graphene, carbon nanotubes, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate and potassium chloride.
Further, the electroplating method is selected from one of cyclic voltammetry or potential step method.
Further, the electroplating method is a cyclic voltammetry method, and the parameter setting conditions are that the initial potential is-0.8-0.2V, the termination point is 0.8-1.5V, the scanning speed is 20-100 mV/s, and the number of cyclic cycles is 5-15 cycles.
Further, the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, the inert supporting electrolyte is one or more of sodium acetate, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium perchlorate, and the concentration of the inert supporting electrolyte is 0.0001-1 mol/L.
Further, when the content of vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample is detected, the initial electrode potential of the instrument parameters is-0.6-0.1V, the final electrode potential is 0.9-1.6V, the scanning speed is 25-150 mV/s, the working mode is a differential mode of 0.5 times, 1.5 times or 2.5 times, and the noise filtering is a low-pass mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the working electrode is modified, the modified electrode can be used for simultaneously detecting the vitamin A, D, E, the sensitivity is high, the peaks of three vitamins are not interfered with each other, the reproducibility is good, and the detection limit can be greatly reduced.
2. The method can simultaneously determine the content of the vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample by adopting the convolution current voltammetry, has the advantages of high sensitivity, good reproducibility, more convenient peak shape measurement of current signals, convenient and quick operation, shorter detection time and the like, and can simultaneously and accurately detect the content of the vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample in the same system.
3. The invention adopts a standard addition method to simultaneously determine the content of the vitamin A, D, E in the sample, eliminates the interference caused by the matrix effect of the sample, reduces the detection limit of the vitamin A, D, E and has accurate and reliable measurement result.
4. The invention uses environment-friendly green solvent, and abandons DMF, dichloromethane, acetonitrile solvent and the like which are used in the past, and the used solvent can better detect the content of vitamin A, D, E.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a linear equation curve corresponding to the detection of vitamin A.
FIG. 2 is a linear equation curve corresponding to vitamin D detection.
FIG. 3 is a linear equation curve corresponding to vitamin E detection.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
To further illustrate the technical content of the present invention, the following examples are listed, and the detailed description is provided with the accompanying drawings as follows:
and (3) detecting the content of the vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample by using a convolution current voltammetry method: taking a blood sample to be detected to react with a vitamin releasing agent, so that the vitamin in a combined state in the blood sample to be detected is converted into the vitamin in a free state, wherein the vitamin releasing agent consists of a solvent and an inert supporting electrolyte; detecting the redox current generated by the vitamin in the blood sample to be detected on the modified working electrode by using a convolution current voltammetry; the vitamin content in the blood sample to be detected is calculated through a linear equation according to the current signal values of the samples to be detected under the same condition.
The modification method of the working electrode specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a glassy carbon electrode as a substrate electrode, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the substrate electrode for later use;
(2) dripping or electroplating a modification solution on the surface of the matrix electrode prepared in the step (1), and drying by using an infrared lamp to prepare the modified electrode; the modification solution is composed of one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, graphene, carbon nano tubes, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate and potassium chloride, and the concentration range of each component is 0.0003-0.1 mol/L.
Example 1
Single standard addition method for simultaneously determining content of vitamin A, D, E in blood sample
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of vitamin A, D, E modified electrode: a commercially available glassy carbon electrode with the diameter of 2mm is selected as a vitamin A, D, E sensor probe, and the electrode is firstly ground on metallographic abrasive paper of different models, so that the surface of the electrode is smooth like a mirror surface. And then mirror polishing is carried out on the polished glassy carbon electrode on alumina polishing powder with the grain diameter of 1.0 mu m, 0.3 mu m and 0.05 mu m in sequence. And finally, respectively placing the polished and bright glassy carbon electrode in ethanol and deionized water for 2 minutes by ultrasonic treatment to remove residual organic matters and adsorbed alumina powder on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode, and drying the electrode by using nitrogen for later use.
2. Dripping or electroplating a modification solution on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode after surface polishing and cleaning treatment, and drying the electroplated glassy carbon electrode by using an infrared lamp to obtain a modified electrode; when the cyclic voltammetry is selected as the electroplating method, the parameter setting conditions of the cyclic voltammetry are that the initial potential is-0.8 to-0.2V, the termination point is 0.8 to 1.5V, the scanning speed is 20 to 100mV/s, and the number of cyclic cycles is 5 to 15 cycles.
2. Preparation of vitamin A, D, E modified electrode: and taking the treated modified electrode as a working electrode, taking a platinum wire electrode as an auxiliary electrode, and taking a silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode. Setting instrument parameters: the initial electrode potential is-0.8 to-0.2V (relative to a reference electrode), the final electrode potential is 0.8 to 1.5V (relative to the reference electrode), the scanning speed is 20 to 100mV/s, the circular scanning is carried out for 5 to 15 circles under the stirring condition, then the deionized water is used for cleaning, and the nitrogen is used for blow-drying for standby.
3. Preparation of vitamin A, D, E releasing agent: and (2) taking a proper amount (100-1000 mL) of the single solvent or the mixed solvent into a volumetric flask, weighing the single or composite supporting electrolyte according to the proportion, adding the single or composite supporting electrolyte into the volumetric flask, covering a bottle stopper, slightly shaking, adding the same solvent to the scale mark of the volumetric flask after the supporting electrolyte is dissolved, wherein the concentration of the supporting electrolyte in the solution is 0.0001-1 mol/L.
4. Release of vitamin A, D, E in blood samples: quantitatively transferring a blood sample (10-20 mu L) into a 5.0mL test tube by using a micropipette, quantitatively adding 0.1-2.0 mL of a vitamin A, D, E specific releasing agent, covering a test tube plug, gently shaking uniformly, standing for 5 minutes, and detecting on a machine when the vitamin A, D, E combined in the blood sample is released and becomes free micromolecules.
5. Simultaneous determination of vitamin A, D, E in blood samples:
firstly, fixing a test tube containing a sample solution to be detected on a workbench of a vitamin detector, taking a vitamin A, D, E modified electrode as a working electrode, a platinum wire electrode as an auxiliary electrode and a silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, and inserting the electrodes into the sample solution to be detected for detection. The working mode of the vitamin detector can be selectively set to be 0.5, 1.5 or 2.5 differential modes, and the noise filtering is a low-pass mode. The test parameters are: the initial electrode potential of the instrument parameters is-0.6-0.1V, the final electrode potential is 0.9-1.6V, the scanning speed is 25-150 mV/s, and the convolution currents of three vitamins, namely vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, obtained from the detection sample solution are respectively recorded as h.
Then quantitatively transferring Vs mL of a standard solution of vitamin A, D, E by using a micropipette, adding the standard solution into the sample solution, uniformly stirring, and detecting under the same condition to obtain convolution currents of three vitamins, namely vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, which are recorded as H.
6. Calculation of vitamin A, D, E concentration in blood samples:
the concentration of three vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, in the blood sample is calculated according to the formula (1):
in the formula CAThe concentration of vitamin A, D, E in a blood sample is defined as H, a convolution current value obtained by detecting three vitamins of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E in a sample solution is defined as H, the convolution current value obtained by detecting after a standard solution is added is defined as H, Vx is the volume of a diluent, Vs is the volume of the added standard solution, cs is the concentration of the standard solution, and k is the dilution multiple of the sample. The volume and concentration of the standard solution for adding the vitamin A, D, E meet the following requirements:
Vs<100Vx，cs>100cA
example 2
Multi-standard addition method for determining content of vitamin A, D, E in blood sample
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
1. pretreatment of vitamin A, D, E modified electrode: the same as in example 1.
2. Preparation of vitamin A, D, E modified electrode: the same as in example 1.
3. Preparation of vitamin A, D, E releasing agent: the same as in example 1.
4. Release of vitamin A, D, E in blood samples: the same as in example 1.
5. Determination of vitamin A, D, E in blood samples:
firstly, fixing a test tube containing a sample solution to be detected on a workbench of a vitamin detector, taking a modified vitamin A, D, E sensor as a working electrode, a platinum wire electrode as an auxiliary electrode and a silver/silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, and inserting the test tube and the vitamin A, D, E sensor into the sample solution to be detected together for detection. The working mode of the vitamin detector can be selectively set to be 0.5, 1.5 or 2.5 differential modes, and the noise filtering is a low-pass mode. The test parameters are: the initial electrode potential of the instrument parameters is-0.6-0.1V, the final electrode potential is 0.9-1.6V, the scanning speed is 25-150 mV/s, and the convolution currents of three vitamins, namely vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, obtained from the detection sample solution are recorded as h0 respectively.
Then, a micropipette is used for quantitatively transferring standard solutions V1 mL, V2mL, V3mL,. cndot.and VnmL of vitamin A, D, E in sequence, the standard solutions are added into the sample solution respectively, detection is carried out in sequence under the same condition, the obtained convolution currents are recorded as h1, h2, h3,. cndot.and hn respectively, and the concentrations of the correspondingly added vitamin A, D, E are c1, c2, c3,. cndot.and cn respectively (the concentrations can be obtained by converting the volume of the standard solution added each time). Fig. 1-fig. 3 are linear equation curves corresponding to vitamin A, D, E, respectively.
6. Calculation of vitamin A, D, E concentration in blood samples:
a minimum linear fit was performed using the convolution current and concentration, respectively (concentration c0 of vitamin A, D, E of the sample solution without standard addition was 0), resulting in the following linear relationship:
h＝kc+B (2)
it is thus possible to obtain a concentration of vitamin A, D, E in the blood sample of
cA＝-B (3)
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (6)
1. A convolution current voltammetry for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
taking a blood sample to be detected to react with a vitamin releasing agent, so that the vitamin in a combined state in the blood sample to be detected is converted into the vitamin in a free state, wherein the vitamin releasing agent consists of a solvent and an inert supporting electrolyte; detecting the redox current generated by the vitamin in the blood sample to be detected on the modified working electrode by using a convolution current voltammetry; the vitamin content in the blood sample to be detected is calculated through a linear equation according to the current signal values of the samples to be detected under the same condition.
2. The convolutional amperometric method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E according to claim 1, wherein: the modification method of the working electrode specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a glassy carbon electrode as a substrate electrode, and polishing and cleaning the surface of the substrate electrode for later use;
(2) dripping or electroplating a modification solution on the surface of the matrix electrode prepared in the step (1), and drying by using an infrared lamp to prepare the modified electrode; the modification solution is composed of one or more of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, graphene, carbon nanotubes, sodium sulfate, sodium acetate and potassium chloride.
3. The convolutional amperometric method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E according to claim 2, wherein: the electroplating method is selected from one of cyclic voltammetry or potential step method.
4. The convolutional amperometric method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E according to claim 3, wherein: the electroplating method is cyclic voltammetry, and the parameter setting conditions are that the initial potential is-0.8 to-0.2V, the termination point is 0.8 to 1.5V, the scanning speed is 20 to 100mV/s, and the number of cyclic cycles is 5 to 15 cycles.
5. The convolutional amperometric method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, the inert supporting electrolyte is one or more of sodium acetate, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium perchlorate, and the concentration of the inert supporting electrolyte is 0.0001-1 mol/L.
6. The convolutional amperometric method for simultaneously detecting vitamin A, D, E according to claim 1, wherein: when the content of vitamin A, D, E in a blood sample is detected, the initial electrode potential of instrument parameters is-0.6-0.1V, the final electrode potential is 0.9-1.6V, the scanning speed is 25-150 mV/s, the working mode is a differential mode of 0.5 times, 1.5 times or 2.5 times, and the noise filtering is a low-pass mode.
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