CN112556975A - Electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on image technology - Google Patents

Electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on image technology Download PDF

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CN112556975A
CN112556975A CN202011436268.1A CN202011436268A CN112556975A CN 112556975 A CN112556975 A CN 112556975A CN 202011436268 A CN202011436268 A CN 202011436268A CN 112556975 A CN112556975 A CN 112556975A
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permanent magnet
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CN112556975B (en
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孙日明
卢洪波
陈勇富
曾宪政
文帅
戴武昊
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China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics CAAA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
    • G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/02—Wind tunnels
    • G01M9/04—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G01M9/08—Aerodynamic models

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on an image technology, belonging to the field of electro-permanent magnet response measurement; step one, establishing a response time measuring system; step two, installing a sign board; punching 5 mark holes on the mark plate; step three, electrifying the electro-permanent magnet to fixedly adsorb the test model; step four, the electric permanent magnet is powered off, and the free falling body of the model is tested; simultaneously, the high-speed camera starts to take pictures; fifthly, screening out the real elliptical contours of 5 mark holes in each picture, and marking the circle centers of the mark holes; step six, acquiring a curve of the acceleration of the test model changing along with time from the power-off time t0 of the electro-permanent magnet to the landing process of the test model; seventhly, obtaining the response time of the electro-permanent magnet from the acceleration change curve along with the time; the invention provides a method for measuring the time required by an electro-permanent magnet device to release a model based on the cooperation of a time sequence synchronization device and a high-speed photographic camera, which can accurately and reliably obtain required parameters.

Description

Electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on image technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electro-permanent magnet response measurement, and relates to an electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on an image technology.
Background
In order to complete the wind tunnel model free flight test, a model free flight free suspension mechanism is designed and researched and comprises a main body bracket and an electro-permanent magnet. The main body knot support is of an integrated structure and is manufactured by welding two Q345R steel plate pairs with the thickness of 20 mm. The two plates are provided with 6 phi 45 through holes for pin control assembly with the curved knife, and the bolt pitch of the holes is based on the mounting pitch on the curved knife. The two plates are supported by a plurality of connecting plates, the distance between the two plates is fixed, and the disassembly and the assembly are convenient and quick.
The electro-permanent magnet is the key of the heavy model free release system, and the main body bracket mounting platform is fixed through the bolt. By utilizing different characteristics of different permanent magnet materials, the distribution of an internal magnetic circuit is controlled and converted by outputting instant current pulses (pulse time is less than 2 seconds) through an electric permanent magnet controller, so that a permanent magnet magnetic field is self-balanced in a system and is externally characterized as a demagnetizing relaxation state (namely a demagnetizing state); or to the working pole face of the electro-permanent magnet, and is characterized as a magnetized clamping state (i.e., a magnetized state) externally. The model cannot be released immediately due to the buffer effect of the magnetic field at the moment of power failure of the electro-permanent magnet; because the effective time of the impulse wind tunnel test is ms magnitude, the free flight model is required to arrive at a measured area simultaneously with a flow field when falling, and extremely strict requirements are provided for the model release time. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp the actual response time of the electro-permanent magnet release device and to develop a simple, easy, accurate and reliable release time measuring method, and there is no related technical scheme to accurately measure the time in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a method for measuring the response time of the electro-permanent magnet based on an image technology, provides a method for measuring the release time, which is simple, easy, accurate and reliable, and can accurately master the actual response time of the electro-permanent magnet release device.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on image technology comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a response time measuring system; the device comprises a main body bracket, an electro-permanent magnet, a test model and a high-speed camera;
step two, installing a sign board at the bottom of the test model; punching 5 mark holes on the mark plate;
thirdly, electrifying the electro-permanent magnet to fixedly adsorb the test model with the mark plate below the electro-permanent magnet;
step four, the electric permanent magnet is powered off, and the free falling body of the model is tested; simultaneously, the high-speed camera starts to shoot until the test model falls to the ground;
step five, preprocessing all the shot pictures of the high-speed camera; screening out the real elliptical contours of 5 mark holes in each picture, and marking the circle centers of the mark holes;
sixthly, performing 5-point sliding filtering processing on the preprocessed picture for 20 times; carrying out 2-time differential operation on the processed picture to obtain a curve of the acceleration of the test model changing along with time from the power-off time t0 of the electro-permanent magnet to the landing process of the test model;
and seventhly, finding the time t1, t1-t0 of the first point of the acceleration of the test model reaching the preset threshold range from the acceleration time change curve, wherein the time t1 is the response time of the electro-permanent magnet.
In the above method for measuring electro-permanent magnet response time based on image technology, in the first step, the method for establishing the response time measuring system is as follows:
the main body bracket is an inverted L-shaped bracket; the electro-permanent magnet is horizontally arranged on the lower surface of the top end of the main body bracket; the electric permanent magnet is electrified to realize the adsorption and fixation of the test model; the electric permanent magnet is powered off to release the test model; the test model performs free falling motion; the high-speed camera is arranged on one side of the main body bracket; the view field of the high-speed camera is aligned to the test model, and high-speed shooting of the test model in the free falling process is achieved.
In the above method for measuring electro-permanent magnet response time based on image technology, in the second step, the sign board is an inverted trapezoidal plate-shaped structure; the diameters of the 5 mark holes are respectively 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 10mm and 15 mm; the 5 mark holes are all through holes, and the 5 mark holes are not overlapped with each other.
In the above method for measuring electro-permanent magnet response time based on image technology, in the fifth step, the method for preprocessing each photo and screening out the true elliptical contours of 5 marker holes includes:
s1, identifying the sign board from the photo background; removing the background of the picture;
s2, carrying out Gaussian filtering processing to remove picture noise;
s3, performing OTSU threshold segmentation processing on the photo;
s4, Canny edge detection processing is carried out on the photos;
s5, identifying the outline of the sign board in the picture by a closed outline detection method;
s6, in the falling process of the sign board, the image of the sign hole is in an elliptical shape; identifying the elliptical outline which may be the mark hole on the mark plate by an outline ellipse fitting method;
s7, screen out the true elliptical contours of 5 landmark holes from the possible elliptical contours of the landmark holes.
In the above method for measuring the response time of the electro-permanent magnet based on the image technology, in S7, the method for screening the elliptical contours of the real 5 marked holes from the elliptical contours that may be the marked holes is as follows:
s71, calculating the roundness C of all elliptical contours:
Figure BDA0002821330040000031
in the formula, A is the area of an elliptical outline closed area; i.e. pixel synthesis within the range of the elliptical profile
l is the outline length of the closed area of the elliptical outline, namely the sum of pixels of the outline along the clockwise/counterclockwise direction;
a and l are obtained by counting the number of pixels; when C is 1, it is a standard circle;
when C is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, judging that the elliptical contour meets the requirement, and entering S72; otherwise, rejecting the elliptical contour; screening out 5 elliptical contours corresponding to 5 marking holes in each image;
s72, calculating the perimeter and the area of the 5 elliptical contours; and comparing the actual peripheral areas of the 5 mark holes respectively to determine the mark holes corresponding to the 5 elliptical contours respectively.
In the above method for measuring electro-permanent magnet response time based on image technology, in the seventh step, the preset threshold range is 0.9g to 1.1 g; g is the acceleration of gravity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention designs an electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology, which is simple and easy to implement;
(2) according to the invention, through the circular mark points and the boundary identification technology, the measurement precision of the response time can be effectively improved;
(3) the invention can rapidly obtain the release time by using a method of matching a synchronous system with high-speed photography, and can obtain the error distribution of the release time through a plurality of tests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of response time measurement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a response time measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sign board and sign holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of acceleration versus time for a test model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention overcomes the defects of the existing system, provides a method for measuring the time required by the release model of the electro-permanent magnet device based on the cooperation of the timing synchronization device and the high-speed photographic camera, and can accurately and reliably obtain the required parameters.
The method for measuring the response time of the electro-permanent magnet based on the image technology, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a response time measuring system; the device comprises a main body bracket 1, an electro-permanent magnet 2, a test model 3 and a high-speed camera 4; as shown in fig. 2, the method for establishing the response time measurement system includes:
the main body bracket 1 is an inverted L-shaped bracket; the electro-permanent magnet 2 is horizontally arranged on the lower surface of the top end of the main body bracket 1; the electro-permanent magnet 2 is electrified to realize the adsorption and fixation of the test model 3; the electric permanent magnet 2 is powered off to release the test model 3; the test model 3 performs free-fall movement; the high-speed camera 4 is arranged on one side of the main body bracket 1; the view field of the high-speed camera 4 is aligned to the test model 3, and high-speed shooting of the test model 3 in the free falling process is achieved.
Secondly, installing a sign board 5 at the bottom of the test model 3; punching 5 mark holes on the mark plate; as shown in fig. 3, the sign board 5 has an inverted trapezoidal plate-like structure; the diameters of the 5 mark holes are respectively 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 10mm and 15 mm; the 5 mark holes are all through holes, and the 5 mark holes are not overlapped with each other.
Thirdly, the electro-permanent magnet 2 is electrified to fixedly adsorb the test model 3 with the mark plate 5 below the electro-permanent magnet 2;
step four, the electro-permanent magnet 2 is powered off, and the test model 3 falls freely; simultaneously, the high-speed camera 4 starts to take pictures until the test model 3 falls to the ground;
step five, preprocessing all the shot pictures of the high-speed camera 4; and screening out the real elliptical contours of the 5 mark holes in each picture, and marking the circle centers of the mark holes.
The method for preprocessing each photo and screening out the real elliptical contours of 5 marked holes comprises the following steps:
s1, identifying the sign board 5 from the photo background; removing the background of the picture;
s2, carrying out Gaussian filtering processing to remove picture noise;
s3, performing OTSU threshold segmentation processing on the photo;
s4, Canny edge detection processing is carried out on the photos;
s5, identifying the outline of the sign board 5 in the picture by a closed outline detection method;
s6, in the falling process of the sign board 5, the image of the sign hole is in an elliptical shape; identifying the elliptical contours which may be the marking holes on the marking plate 5 by a contour ellipse fitting method;
s7, screen out the true elliptical contours of 5 landmark holes from the possible elliptical contours of the landmark holes.
The specific method for screening out the real elliptical contours of the 5 marked holes comprises the following steps:
s71, calculating the roundness C of all elliptical contours:
Figure BDA0002821330040000051
in the formula, A is the area of an elliptical outline closed area; i.e. pixel synthesis within the range of the elliptical profile
l is the outline length of the closed area of the elliptical outline, namely the sum of pixels of the outline along the clockwise/counterclockwise direction;
a and l are obtained by counting the number of pixels; when C is 1, it is a standard circle;
when C is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, judging that the elliptical contour meets the requirement, and entering S72; otherwise, rejecting the elliptical contour;
s72, calculating inertia rate I of each residual elliptical contour:
I＝Ix′/Iy′
in the formula Ix' is the moment of inertia of the elliptical profile in the horizontal direction of the captured image;
Iythe inertia moment of the elliptic contour along the vertical and horizontal direction of the shot image is' shown;
the inertia rate is calculated by calculating the moment of the image contour region and calculating the inertia moment I thereofx' and Iy', to calculate its inertia rate I ═ Ix′/Iy', whenWhen I is 1, the standard circle is formed;
where moments are defined as follows:
Figure BDA0002821330040000061
wherein m isp,qIs the sum of all pixels, I (x)i,yi) Is the pixel value of each pixel x, y.
Ix＝m2,0/m0,0
Iy＝m0,2/m0,0
Ixy＝m1,1/m0,0
Figure BDA0002821330040000062
Figure BDA0002821330040000063
Figure BDA0002821330040000064
When I is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.5, judging that the elliptical contour meets the requirement, and entering S73; otherwise, rejecting the elliptical contour; the 5 elliptical contours corresponding to the 5 marker holes in each image were screened.
S73, calculating the perimeter and the area of the 5 elliptical contours; and comparing the actual peripheral areas of the 5 mark holes respectively to determine the mark holes corresponding to the 5 elliptical contours respectively.
Sixthly, performing 5-point sliding filtering processing on the preprocessed picture for 20 times; carrying out 2-time difference operation on the processed picture to obtain a time-varying curve of the acceleration of the test model 3 from the power-off time t0 of the electro-permanent magnet 2 to the grounding process of the test model 3; as shown in fig. 4.
Step seven, finding out the time t1 when the acceleration of the test model 3 reaches the first point of a preset threshold range from the acceleration time-varying curve, wherein the preset threshold range is 0.9g-1.1 g; g is the acceleration of gravity. t1-t0 is the response time of the electro-permanent magnet.
The principle of the electro-permanent magnet control system is as follows:
the power supply input is two-phase power supply (380V/50 Hz; power taking is two phases, pin 1 and pin 2 are two-phase power input, pin 3 is ground wire), the output is DC170V (pin 1 and pin 2 are magnetization and demagnetization output, pin 3 is ground wire), and the power supply input is connected with the electro-permanent magnet. The circuit is provided with a fuse. When the power supply line and the output line of the control box are connected and can be used formally, the power switch on the left side is turned on, and then the power lamp is normally on. When the magnetizing is needed, the right magnetizing/stopping/demagnetizing switch is switched to the magnetizing side, the magnetizing lamp is turned on, and the right magnetizing switch flashes once after the magnetizing is finished and then is normally turned on; when demagnetization is carried out, the switch of 'magnetizing/stopping/demagnetizing' is switched to the demagnetizing side, the demagnetizing lamp is turned on, and the switch flashes once after the demagnetization is finished, and then the switch is turned on constantly. The functions of the remote socket and the 'magnetizing/stopping/demagnetizing' switch are consistent, but attention is needed to be paid to the fact that the 'magnetizing/stopping/demagnetizing' switch is not stopped until the remote control operation is carried out.
In order to adapt to the characteristic of short time of the pulse wind tunnel, the measuring system also comprises an electro-permanent magnet release device, an electro-permanent magnet control box, a time schedule controller, a high-speed camera and the like. The specific calibration steps are as follows:
step1, hanging the test model 3 at a proper height through a hanging suction plate, a hanging ring and a nylon rope;
step2, arranging an LED light source at one side of the wind tunnel, arranging a high-speed camera 4 at the other side of the wind tunnel, and adjusting the height of a suspension rope to enable the suspension rope to be in the field of view of the high-speed camera 4;
step3, connecting a time schedule controller, a path of control electro-permanent magnet control box and a path of control high-speed camera 4;
step4, triggering the time schedule controller, simultaneously demagnetizing the electro-permanent magnet 2 and starting recording by the high-speed camera 4;
and Step5, processing the data of the high-speed camera 4 to obtain the degaussing time.
According to the method, a series of tests including the influences of the focal length of the camera lens, the lighting of the light source and the like are carried out, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002821330040000071
Figure BDA0002821330040000081
The result shows that the electro-permanent magnet has higher time response frequency and repeatability, human eye recognition error and unit distance pixel difference influence are considered, the response time of 15 repeated tests is almost all between 110ms and 120ms, the pressure sensor is monitored by matching with wind tunnel operation, and after the corresponding time delay is set by the time schedule controller, the experimental requirements can be completely met.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.

Claims (6)

1. An electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on image technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a response time measuring system; comprises a main body bracket (1), an electro-permanent magnet (2), a test model (3) and a high-speed camera (4);
secondly, installing a sign board (5) at the bottom of the test model (3); 5 marking holes are punched on the marking plate (5);
step three, electrifying the electro-permanent magnet (2) to fixedly adsorb the test model (3) with the mark plate (5) below the electro-permanent magnet (2);
step four, the electro-permanent magnet (2) is powered off, and the model (3) is tested to freely fall; simultaneously, the high-speed camera (4) starts to take pictures until the test model (3) falls to the ground;
step five, preprocessing all the shot pictures of the high-speed camera (4); screening out the real elliptical contours of 5 mark holes in each picture, and marking the circle centers of the mark holes;
sixthly, performing 5-point sliding filtering processing on the preprocessed picture for 20 times; carrying out 2-time differential operation on the processed picture to obtain a curve of the change of the acceleration of the test model (3) along with time from the power-off time t0 of the electro-permanent magnet (2) to the landing process of the test model (3);
and seventhly, finding out the time t1, t1-t0 of the first point of the acceleration of the test model (3) reaching the preset threshold range from the acceleration time change curve, wherein the time t1 is the response time of the electro-permanent magnet.
2. The electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the method for establishing the response time measurement system comprises the following steps:
the main body bracket (1) is an inverted L-shaped bracket; the electric permanent magnet (2) is horizontally arranged on the lower surface of the top end of the main body bracket (1); the electric permanent magnet (2) is electrified to realize the adsorption and fixation of the test model (3); the electric permanent magnet (2) is powered off to release the test model (3); the test model (3) performs free-fall movement; the high-speed camera (4) is arranged on one side of the main body bracket (1); the view field of the high-speed camera (4) is aligned to the test model (3), and high-speed shooting of the test model (3) in the free falling process is achieved.
3. The electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in the second step, the sign plate (5) is of an inverted trapezoidal plate-shaped structure; the diameters of the 5 mark holes are respectively 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 10mm and 15 mm; the 5 mark holes are all through holes, and the 5 mark holes are not overlapped with each other.
4. The electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the method for preprocessing each photo and screening out the real elliptical contours of 5 marker holes comprises the following steps:
s1, identifying the sign board (5) from the photo background; removing the background of the picture;
s2, carrying out Gaussian filtering processing to remove picture noise;
s3, performing OTSU threshold segmentation processing on the photo;
s4, Canny edge detection processing is carried out on the photos;
s5, identifying the outline of the sign board (5) in the picture by a closed outline detection method;
s6, in the falling process of the sign board (5), the image of the sign hole is in an elliptical shape; identifying an elliptical contour of the marking plate (5) which may be a marking hole by a contour ellipse fitting method;
s7, screen out the true elliptical contours of 5 landmark holes from the possible elliptical contours of the landmark holes.
5. The electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: in S7, the method for screening the elliptical contours of the real 5 marked holes from the elliptical contours of the possible marked holes is as follows:
s71, calculating the roundness C of all elliptical contours:
Figure FDA0002821330030000021
in the formula, A is the area of an elliptical outline closed area; i.e. pixel synthesis within the range of the elliptical profile
l is the outline length of the closed area of the elliptical outline, namely the sum of pixels of the outline along the clockwise/counterclockwise direction;
a and l are obtained by counting the number of pixels; when C is 1, it is a standard circle;
when C is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, judging that the elliptical contour meets the requirement, and entering S72; otherwise, rejecting the elliptical contour; screening out 5 elliptical contours corresponding to 5 marking holes in each image;
s72, calculating the perimeter and the area of the 5 elliptical contours; and comparing the actual peripheral areas of the 5 mark holes respectively to determine the mark holes corresponding to the 5 elliptical contours respectively.
6. The electro-permanent magnet response time measuring method based on the image technology as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: in the seventh step, the range of the preset threshold value is 0.9g-1.1 g; g is the acceleration of gravity.
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