CN112550445A - Hydraulic power-assisted steering system - Google Patents
Hydraulic power-assisted steering system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112550445A CN112550445A CN202010025643.7A CN202010025643A CN112550445A CN 112550445 A CN112550445 A CN 112550445A CN 202010025643 A CN202010025643 A CN 202010025643A CN 112550445 A CN112550445 A CN 112550445A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D3/00—Steering gears
- B62D3/14—Steering gears hydraulic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/062—Details, component parts
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic power-assisted steering system, which comprises a steering oil tank, a steering main pump, a power steering gear, a main oil cylinder, a centering oil cylinder and an energy accumulator, wherein the main oil cylinder comprises a main cylinder body and a main piston rod, the main cylinder body is hinged with a frame, the main piston rod is hinged with a steering vertical arm, the main oil cylinder is provided with a connector B, a connector C, a connector D, a connector E and a connector F, a pressure and compensation valve is integrated between the connector C and the connector D, the centering oil cylinder comprises a centering cylinder body and a centering piston rod, the centering cylinder body is hinged with the axle body of the rear steering axle, the centering piston rod is hinged with a left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the centering oil cylinder is provided with a port W, a port X, a port Y and a port Z, a port B is connected with a right-turn output oil port of the power steering gear, a port E is connected with a left-turn output oil port of the power steering gear, a port C is connected with the port X, a port D is connected with the port W, and a port F is connected with the port Y and the port Z. The device has the advantages of simple structure, safety, reliability, good stability and strong adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-axle heavy vehicle, in particular to a hydraulic power-assisted steering system for the multi-axle heavy vehicle.
Background
With the development of technology, vehicle performance is continuously improved. The rear axle steering function enables the vehicle to smoothly pass through a narrow space, can effectively reduce tire abrasion, and is more and more widely applied. Especially for some special vehicles and engineering machinery, the steering function of the rear axle is particularly important for the special vehicles and the engineering machinery due to a large number of axles and a large axle distance. The synchronous steering between the front steering axle and the rear steering axle is taken as the technical key of the rear axle steering, and the requirements of simple structure, safety, reliability and short lag time are met. The prior art adopts a plurality of front and rear steering axle synchronous steering modes, wherein 1, the front and rear steering axles adopt a mechanical connection mode, and the mode has a complex structure and is not suitable for a long-wheelbase vehicle; 2. an electro-hydraulic steering control mode is adopted between the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, and needs meticulous control strategy and fault diagnosis, so that the design requirement is extremely high, and mistakes are easy to occur; 3. the rear steering axle adopts a follow-up steering mode, and the mode has poor direction stability because no correlation signal exists between the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, and the force acted on rear steering wheels on a road surface is complex and changeable; 4. the rear steering axle adopts an electric steering mode, which has higher cost and is not suitable for heavy-duty vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic power-assisted steering system which has the advantages of simple structure, safety, reliability, good stability and strong adaptability, and the front and rear steering axles adopt a hydraulic hydrostatic connection mode, so that the system design difficulty is reduced, the limitation of the axle distance is avoided, and the hydraulic power-assisted steering system is particularly suitable for multi-axle heavy vehicles.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hydraulic power-assisted steering system, which comprises a steering oil tank, a steering main pump and a power steering gear, wherein the steering main pump is connected with an engine, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the steering main pump are correspondingly connected with an oil inlet of the steering oil tank and an oil inlet of the power steering gear, the power steering gear is connected with a steering knuckle arm of a front steering axle through a steering vertical arm and a steering pull rod, the hydraulic power-assisted steering system also comprises a main oil cylinder, a centering oil cylinder and an energy accumulator, the main oil cylinder comprises a main cylinder body and a main piston rod, the main cylinder body is hinged with a frame, the main piston rod is hinged with the steering vertical arm, a main partition is fixed in the middle of an inner cavity of the main cylinder body, a first main piston and a second main piston are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the main partition, the first main piston and the second main piston are respectively fixedly connected with the, the Z1 cavity is provided with a connector B communicated with the Z1 cavity, a Z2 cavity is formed between the first main piston and the main partition, a connector C communicated with the Z2 cavity is arranged in the Z2 cavity, a Z3 cavity is formed between the second main piston and the main partition, a connector D communicated with the Z3 cavity is arranged in the Z3 cavity, a Z4 cavity is formed between the second main piston and the rear end cover of the main cylinder body, a connector E communicated with the Z4 cavity is arranged in the Z4 cavity, and a pressure and compensation valve and a connector F are integrated between the connector C and the connector D of the main cylinder; the centering oil cylinder comprises a centering cylinder body and a centering piston rod, the centering cylinder body is hinged with a support lug in the middle of the bridge body of the rear steering axle, the centering piston rod is hinged with the left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the middle part of the inner cavity of the centering cylinder body is fixed with a centering partition, a first centering piston and a second centering piston are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the centering partition, the first centering piston and the second centering piston are respectively and fixedly connected with the centering piston rod, a Z5 cavity is formed between the first centering piston and the front end cover of the centering cylinder body, a Z5 cavity is provided with a connector W communicated with the Z5 cavity, a Z6 cavity is formed between the first centering piston and the centering partition, a Z6 cavity is provided with a connector X communicated with the Z6 cavity, a Z7 cavity is formed between the second centering piston and the centering partition, a Z7 cavity is provided with a connector Y communicated with the Z7 cavity, a Z8 cavity is formed between the second centering piston and the rear end cover of the centering cylinder body, and a Z8 cavity is provided with a connector Z communicated; the interface B is connected with a right-turn output oil port of the power steering gear through a first oil way, the interface E is connected with a left-turn output oil port of the power steering gear through a second oil way, the interface C is connected with the interface X through a third oil way, the interface D is connected with the interface W through a fourth oil way, and the interface F is connected with the interface Y and the interface Z through a fifth oil way; the accumulator is arranged on the fifth oil path.
Furthermore, the hydraulic power steering system of the invention is characterized in that the master cylinder is integrated with a bypass valve, two ports of the bypass valve are correspondingly communicated with the Z2 cavity and the Z3 cavity, a valve rod of the bypass valve is perpendicular to the master piston rod, and the end part of the valve rod is positioned in an arc-shaped groove arranged on the master piston rod.
Further, the hydraulic power-assisted steering system further comprises an emergency valve and an emergency pump, wherein the emergency pump is connected with the transfer case, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the emergency pump are correspondingly connected with a steering oil tank and a P2 port of the emergency valve, a liquid outlet of the steering main pump is connected with a P1 port of the emergency valve, an A port of the emergency valve is connected with an oil inlet of the power steering gear, and a T port of the emergency valve is connected with the steering oil tank.
Furthermore, the hydraulic power-assisted steering system comprises a front steering axle and a rear steering axle, wherein the steering vertical arm comprises a first axle vertical arm and a second axle vertical arm, the steering pull rod comprises a first axle drag link and a second axle drag link, the upper end of the first axle vertical arm is connected with the power steering gear, two ends of the first axle drag link are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the first axle vertical arm and a steering knuckle arm of the first axle, the upper end of the second axle vertical arm is hinged with the vehicle frame, two ends of the second axle drag link are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the second axle vertical arm and the steering knuckle arm of the second axle, and an intermediate transmission rod system is arranged between the first axle vertical arm and the second axle vertical arm; the main piston rod is hinged with the middle part of the two bridge vertical arms.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a hydraulic power-assisted steering system, wherein the middle transmission rod system comprises a middle vertical arm, a front drag link and a rear drag link, the upper end of the middle vertical arm is hinged with the frame, two ends of the front drag link are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the first bridge vertical arm and the lower end of the middle vertical arm, and two ends of the rear drag link are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the middle vertical arm and the middle part of the second bridge vertical arm.
Further, the hydraulic power steering system of the present invention is characterized in that the emergency valve is connected to an emergency indication switch, the emergency indication switch is turned on when the port P2 of the emergency valve is communicated with the port a, and the emergency indication switch is used for controlling a steering fault lamp and a buzzer disposed in the cab.
Further, the invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system, wherein the width of the arc-shaped groove is 18-26 mm.
Further, the invention relates to a hydraulic power steering system, wherein more than two accumulators are arranged.
Further, the fifth oil path is provided with an oil-filled check valve.
Further, the hydraulic power steering system of the present invention is arranged such that the fifth oil path is provided with a pressure measuring joint.
Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic power-assisted steering system has the following advantages: the front steering axle is connected with the power steering gear by the mechanical pull rod, so that the reliability and the safety of steering are ensured; the rear steering axle and the front steering axle are connected by hydraulic hydrostatic pressure, so that the hydrostatic pressure is used as the steering power assistance of the rear steering axle, the design difficulty of the system is reduced on the basis of realizing synchronous steering of the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, and the system is not limited by the axle distance; by connecting the centering cylinder body with the axle body of the rear steering axle and connecting the centering piston rod with the left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the coupling of the steering motion of the rear steering axle and the motion of the suspension can be avoided, and the interference steering is avoided; the energy accumulator is arranged on the fifth oil way, so that the rigidity of a steering system of the rear steering axle is improved, the deflection phenomenon of the rear steering axle caused by a larger lateral force in the driving process can be effectively prevented, the rear steering axle is ensured to be in an absolute middle position when the vehicle is driven in a straight line, namely, the centering function is realized, and the stability of the vehicle in the straight line driving is improved; by integrating the pressure and compensation valves on the master cylinder, the system architecture is simplified. The specific working process of the system is as follows: when the vehicle runs in a straight line, the pressure of each oil way of the hydrostatic system of the rear steering axle is equal, the pressure value is provided by the energy accumulator, under the action of the pressure of the energy accumulator, a Z7 cavity and a Z8 cavity of the centering oil cylinder form a pair of centering cavities, the centering oil cylinder is subjected to centering force, the rear steering axle is ensured to be in a straight line running state, and swing cannot be generated due to disturbance. When the vehicle is in a right-turn state, because a right-turn output oil port of the power steering gear is connected with a connector B of the main oil cylinder, a left-turn output oil port of the power steering gear is connected with a connector E of the main oil cylinder, oil output by the right-turn output oil port of the power steering gear enters a Z1 cavity of the main oil cylinder, so that a Z1 cavity becomes high pressure, the left-turn output oil port of the power steering gear and a Z4 cavity of the main oil cylinder are communicated with a steering oil tank, the Z4 cavity is low pressure, the main oil cylinder is contracted under the action of high-pressure oil in the Z1 cavity, and the steering power-assisted action of a front steering axle is realized; meanwhile, because the interface C of the main oil cylinder is connected with the interface X of the centering oil cylinder, the interface D of the main oil cylinder is connected with the interface W of the centering oil cylinder, during the contraction process of the main oil cylinder, oil in the Z2 cavity of the main oil cylinder is extruded to the Z6 cavity of the centering oil cylinder, so that the pressure in the Z6 cavity is changed into high pressure, the oil in the Z5 cavity of the centering oil cylinder returns to the Z3 cavity of the main oil cylinder to supplement the vacuum degree of the Z3 cavity formed by the contraction of the main oil cylinder, the pressure in the Z5 cavity is low, under the action of high-pressure oil in a Z6 cavity, the centering oil cylinder is made to stretch, so that the steering boosting effect of the rear steering axle is realized, because the centering piston rod is hinged with the left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the steering of the rear steering axle is opposite to that of the front steering axle, at the moment, the Z7 cavity and the Z8 cavity of the centering oil cylinder are communicated with the Z3 cavity under the action of the pressure of the main oil cylinder and a compensating valve, the total volume of the Z7 cavity and the Z8 cavity is increased due to the stretching of the centering oil cylinder, and the oil in the accumulator flows into the cavity to supplement the pressure of the cavity. When the vehicle is in a left-turn state, the working states of the main oil cylinder and the centering oil cylinder are opposite to the right-turn state, and the description is omitted.
A hydraulic power steering system according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a hydraulic power steering system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a hydraulic power steering system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic power steering system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a master cylinder in a hydraulic power steering system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a centering cylinder in a hydraulic power steering system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a hydraulic power steering system of the present invention when the vehicle is moving in a straight direction;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of a hydraulic power steering system according to the present invention when a vehicle turns right.
Detailed Description
First, it should be noted that, the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc. described in the present invention are only described with reference to the accompanying drawings for understanding, and are not intended to limit the technical solution and the claimed scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the hydraulic power steering system of the present invention includes a steering oil tank 1, a steering main pump 2 and a power steering gear 3, wherein the steering main pump 2 is connected to an engine 101, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the steering main pump 2 are correspondingly connected to oil inlets of the steering oil tank 1 and the power steering gear 3, and the power steering gear 3 is connected to a knuckle arm of a front steering axle through a steering suspension arm and a steering rod. The hydraulic system also comprises a main oil cylinder 4, a centering oil cylinder 5 and an energy accumulator 6. The main cylinder 4 is provided with a main cylinder body 41 and a main piston rod 42, the main cylinder body 41 is hinged with the frame 102, and the main piston rod 42 is hinged with the steering plumbing arm. A fixed main partition 43 is arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the main cylinder 41, and a first main piston 44 and a second main piston 45 are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the main partition 43, so that the first main piston 44 and the second main piston 45 are respectively and fixedly connected with the main piston rod 42. A Z1 cavity is formed between the first main piston 44 and the front end cover of the main cylinder 41, a Z1 cavity is provided with a connector B communicated with the Z1 cavity, a Z2 cavity is formed between the first main piston 44 and the main partition 43, a connector C communicated with the Z2 cavity is provided with a connector C communicated with the Z2 cavity, a Z3 cavity is formed between the second main piston 45 and the main partition 43, a connector D communicated with the Z3 cavity is provided, a Z4 cavity is formed between the second main piston 45 and the rear end cover of the main cylinder 41, and a connector E communicated with the Z4 cavity is provided. The master cylinder 4 also integrates a pressure and compensation valve between the connection C and the connection D and is provided with a connection F. The centering oil cylinder 5 is provided with a centering cylinder body 51 and a centering piston rod 52, the centering cylinder body 51 is hinged with a support lug in the middle of the axle body of the rear steering axle, and the centering piston rod 52 is hinged with a left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle. A fixed centering partition 53 is arranged in the middle of an inner cavity of the centering cylinder body 51, and a first centering piston 54 and a second centering piston 55 are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the centering partition 53, so that the first centering piston 54 and the second centering piston 55 are respectively and fixedly connected with the centering piston rod 52. A Z5 cavity is formed between the first centering piston 54 and the front end cover of the centering cylinder body 51, a Z5 cavity is provided with a connector W communicated with the Z5 cavity, a Z6 cavity is formed between the first centering piston 54 and the centering partition 53, a Z6 cavity is provided with a connector X communicated with the Z6 cavity, a Z7 cavity is formed between the second centering piston 55 and the centering partition 53, a Z7 cavity is provided with a connector Y communicated with the Z7 cavity, a Z8 cavity is formed between the second centering piston 55 and the rear end cover of the centering cylinder body 51, and a connector Z communicated with the Z8 cavity is provided. The interface B is connected to the right-turn oil outlet of the power steering gear 3 through the first oil path, the interface E is connected to the left-turn oil outlet of the power steering gear 3 through the second oil path, the interface C is connected to the interface X through the third oil path, the interface D is connected to the interface W through the fourth oil path, and the interface F is connected to the interface Y and the interface Z through the fifth oil path. And the accumulator 6 is provided on the fifth oil line.
The hydraulic power-assisted steering system with simple structure, safety, reliability, good stability and strong adaptability is formed by the structural arrangement. The invention ensures the reliability and safety of steering by connecting the front steering axle with the power steering gear 3 by adopting a mechanical pull rod. The rear steering axle and the front steering axle are connected through hydraulic hydrostatic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure is used as the steering power assistance of the rear steering axle, the design difficulty of the system is reduced on the basis of realizing synchronous steering of the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, and the system is not limited by the axle distance. By connecting the centering cylinder body 51 with the axle body of the rear steering axle and connecting the centering piston rod 52 with the left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the coupling of the steering motion of the rear steering axle and the motion of the suspension can be avoided, and the interference steering can be avoided. The energy accumulator 6 is arranged on the fifth oil way, so that the rigidity of a steering system of the rear steering axle is improved, the phenomenon of deflection of the rear steering axle caused by large lateral force in the driving process can be effectively prevented, the rear steering axle is ensured to be in an absolute neutral position when the rear steering axle is driven in a straight line, the centering function is realized, and the stability of the straight line driving of the vehicle is improved. By integrating the pressure and compensation valves on the master cylinder 4, the system architecture is simplified. The specific working process of the system is as follows: when the vehicle runs in a straight line, the pressure of each oil way of the hydrostatic system of the rear steering axle is equal, the pressure value is provided by the energy accumulator 6, under the action of the pressure of the energy accumulator 6, a Z7 cavity and a Z8 cavity of the centering oil cylinder 5 form a pair of centering cavities, and the centering oil cylinder 5 is subjected to centering force, so that the rear steering axle is ensured to be in a straight line running state, and the rear steering axle cannot swing due to disturbance. When the vehicle is in a right-turning state, because the right-turning output oil port of the power steering gear 3 is connected with the interface B of the main oil cylinder 4, the left-turning output oil port of the power steering gear 3 is connected with the interface E of the main oil cylinder 4, oil output by the right-turning output oil port of the power steering gear 3 enters the Z1 cavity of the main oil cylinder 4, so that the Z1 cavity becomes high pressure, the left-turning output oil port of the power steering gear 3 and the Z4 cavity of the main oil cylinder 4 are communicated with the steering oil tank 1, the Z4 cavity is low pressure, the main oil cylinder 4 is contracted under the action of high-pressure oil in the Z1 cavity, and the steering assisting action of the front steering axle is realized. Meanwhile, as the interface C of the main oil cylinder 4 is connected with the interface X of the centering oil cylinder 5, and the interface D of the main oil cylinder 4 is connected with the interface W of the centering oil cylinder 5, in the contraction process of the main oil cylinder 4, oil in the Z2 cavity of the main oil cylinder is extruded to the Z6 cavity of the centering oil cylinder, so that the pressure in the Z6 cavity becomes high, the oil in the Z5 cavity of the centering oil cylinder returns to the Z3 cavity of the main oil cylinder to supplement the vacuum degree formed by the contraction of the main oil cylinder 4 in the Z3 cavity, the pressure in the Z5 cavity is low, and under the action of high-pressure oil in the Z6 cavity, the centering oil cylinder 5 makes stretching movement, thereby realizing the steering power-assisted action. Since the centering piston rod 52 is articulated to the left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, the steering of the rear steering axle is opposite to the steering of the front steering axle. At the moment, the Z7 cavity and the Z8 cavity of the centering oil cylinder 5 are communicated with the Z3 cavity under the action of the pressure of the main oil cylinder 4 and the compensation valve, the internal pressure is low, and the part of the total volume of the Z7 cavity and the Z8 cavity, which is enlarged due to the stretching of the centering oil cylinder, is supplemented by the oil liquid in the energy accumulator 6. When the vehicle is in a left-turn state, the working states of the main oil cylinder and the centering oil cylinder are opposite to the right-turn state, and the description is omitted. It should be noted that the pressure and compensation valve integrated with the master cylinder 4 is a valve group consisting of two overflow valves and a shuttle valve, wherein the two overflow valves are symmetrically connected in series between the port C and the port D, the ports at the two ends of the shuttle valve are correspondingly communicated with the port C and the port D, and the oil passages between the middle port of the shuttle valve and the two overflow valves are communicated with the port F. The highest pressure in the main oil cylinder is limited by adjusting the set pressure of the overflow valve, so that the phenomenon that the hydraulic oil is suppressed to cause system damage due to mechanical clamping stagnation and the like can be effectively avoided; when the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil cavity of the main oil cylinder is lower than the set pressure of the overflow valve, the pressure and compensation valve does not work, when the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the high-pressure oil cavity is greater than or equal to the set pressure of the overflow valve, the overflow valve is opened, the high-pressure oil overflows, a part of high-pressure oil enters the F port, and a part of high-pressure oil is mixed with the low-pressure oil through the shuttle valve, so that the pressure of the high-pressure oil is effectively reduced.
As an optimized solution, in the present embodiment, the main cylinder 4 is integrated with the bypass valve 46, two ports of the bypass valve 46 are correspondingly communicated with the Z2 cavity and the Z3 cavity, the valve rod 461 of the bypass valve 46 is perpendicular to the main piston rod 42, and the end of the valve rod 461 is located in the arc groove 421 arranged on the main piston rod 42. The width of the arc-shaped groove 421 can be set according to the road condition and actual requirement of the vehicle, so that the arc-shaped groove is matched with the corner of the wheel of the front steering axle, which is generated by slight disturbance, when the stroke of the main oil cylinder 4 is in a certain range, the centering oil cylinder 5 does not act, namely, the rear steering axle does not steer, and the stability and safety of the vehicle in straight line driving are improved. It should be noted that, for this purpose, when the end of the valve rod 461 is located in the arc-shaped groove 421, the bypass valve 46 should be in an open state, and at this time, the Z2 cavity and the Z3 cavity of the master cylinder 4 are communicated through the bypass valve 46, so that the master cylinder action generated by slight disturbance is not transmitted to the centering cylinder through the oil path; when the end of the valve rod 461 slides out of the arc-shaped groove 421, the bypass valve 46 is closed, and at the moment, the cavity Z2 and the cavity Z3 of the main oil cylinder 4 are not communicated, so that the main oil cylinder action generated by the steering of the front steering axle is transmitted to the centering oil cylinder through an oil path, and the synchronous steering of the front steering axle and the rear steering axle is realized. In practical application, the width of the arc-shaped groove 421 is usually set to be 18-26 mm, and more specifically, the width of the arc-shaped groove 421 is usually set to be 22mm, the corresponding stroke of the master cylinder is ± 11mm, and the corresponding wheel rotation angle of the front steering axle is ± 5 °, that is, when the wheel rotation angle of the front steering axle is within a range of ± 5 °, the rear steering axle is not steered.
As an optimized scheme, the emergency valve 7 and the emergency pump 8 are arranged in the embodiment, the emergency pump 8 is connected with the transfer case 103, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the emergency pump 8 are correspondingly connected with the steering oil tank 1 and the port P2 of the emergency valve 7, a liquid outlet of the steering main pump 2 is connected with the port P1 of the emergency valve 7, a port A of the emergency valve 7 is connected with an oil inlet of the power steering gear 3, and a port T of the emergency valve 7 is connected with the steering oil tank 1. Under the normal working condition, the port P1 of the emergency valve 7 is communicated with the port A, the port P2 is communicated with the port T, the hydraulic oil output by the steering main pump 2 enters the power steering device 3 through the port P1 and the port A of the emergency valve 7, the hydraulic oil output by the emergency pump 8 returns to the steering oil tank 1 through the port P2 and the port T of the emergency valve 7, and the steering main pump 2 provides steering hydraulic oil at the moment; when the steering main pump 2 or the engine has a fault, the port P2 of the emergency valve 7 is communicated with the port A, hydraulic oil output by the emergency pump 8 enters the power steering gear 3 through the port P2 and the port A of the emergency valve 7, so that the vehicle still has steering power, and the reliability and the safety are improved. Furthermore, the emergency valve 7 is connected with an emergency indication switch 71, when the port P2 of the emergency valve 7 is communicated with the port a, the emergency indication switch 71 is turned on, and the emergency indication switch 71 controls a steering fault lamp and a buzzer arranged in the cab to send alarm information to prompt the driver to stop in time, so that the safety is further improved.
As a specific implementation mode, when the first axle and the second axle are both used as front steering axles, the steering suspension arm comprises a first axle suspension arm 9 and a second axle suspension arm 10, the steering pull rod comprises a first axle drag link 11 and a second axle drag link 12, wherein the upper end of the first axle suspension arm 9 is connected with the power steering gear 3, two ends of the first axle drag link 11 are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the first axle suspension arm 9 and the steering knuckle arm of the first axle, the upper end of the second axle drag link 10 is hinged with the vehicle frame 102, two ends of the second axle drag link 12 are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the second axle suspension arm 10 and the steering knuckle arm of the second axle, and an intermediate transmission rod system is arranged between the first axle suspension arm 9 and the second axle suspension arm 10 so as to realize the linkage and the synchronous steering of the first axle and the second axle. For the convenience of structural arrangement, the present embodiment has the main piston rod 42 hinged to the middle of the two depending arms 10, but is not limited thereto, and the main piston rod 42 may be connected to the one depending arm 9. As a specific embodiment, the invention adopts a structure comprising an intermediate vertical arm 13, a front vertical pull rod 14 and a rear vertical pull rod 15 in the intermediate transmission linkage system, wherein the upper end of the intermediate vertical arm 13 is hinged with the frame 102, two ends of the front vertical pull rod 14 are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the first bridge vertical arm 9 and the lower end of the intermediate vertical arm 13, and two ends of the rear vertical pull rod 15 are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the intermediate vertical arm 13 and the middle part of the second bridge vertical arm 10. The intermediate drive train is not limited to the above list and other equivalent or similar structures may be used.
It should be noted that, in practical application, the number of the energy accumulators 6 should be set according to practical needs, and when the axle load of the vehicle is small, one energy accumulator 6 is set to meet the requirement; when the vehicle axle load is large, the accumulator 6 is usually provided in two or more. In order to facilitate oil filling into the oil passages, the oil filling one-way valve 16 is arranged on the fifth oil passage. In order to facilitate the detection of the oil pressure in the oil passage, the present invention further provides a pressure measuring nipple 17 on the fifth oil passage.
To assist the skilled person in understanding the invention, the invention is further described below using a five-axis vehicle as an example: the vehicle is a five-axis self-propelled chassis, wherein a first axle and a second axle are front steering axles, a third axle and a fourth axle are non-steering axles, and a fifth axle is a rear steering axle.
1. Through reasonable key point design, the virtual shaft is designed at the axial centers of the three-axle and the four-axle, and the rotating angles of the steering wheels of the front steering axle and the rear steering axle are kept in a reasonable relation, so that the vehicle can rotate according to the same instantaneous steering center, and the five axles rotate in opposite directions relative to the first axle and the second axle, thereby improving the trafficability of the vehicle and reducing the tire wear.
2. By adopting the power steering gear 3, arranging the main oil cylinder 4 at the position of the vertical arm 10 of the second axle and arranging the centering oil cylinder 5 at the five axles, the first axle, the second axle and the power steering gear 3 are connected by adopting a mechanical pull rod, and the absolute reliability and safety of steering can be ensured; the five-axle and the first axle and the second axle are connected by hydraulic hydrostatic, so that the design difficulty of the system is reduced on the basis of realizing synchronous steering of the five-axle and the first axle and the second axle, and the five-axle and the first axle and the second axle are not limited by the axle distance.
3. The energy accumulator 6 is arranged on the fifth oil way of the five-axle steering system, so that the rigidity of the five-axle steering system is improved, the five-axle steering system can be prevented from deflection caused by large lateral force in the running process, the absolute neutral position of the five-axle steering system is ensured when the five-axle steering system runs in a straight line, namely, the centering function is realized, and the stability of the vehicle running in a straight line is improved; meanwhile, the energy accumulator 6 serves as a liquid volume element and can play a role in storing hydraulic energy and compensating hydraulic oil.
4. The centering cylinder body 51 is hinged with a support lug in the middle of the five-axle body, and the centering piston rod 52 is hinged with the left trapezoidal arm of the five-axle body, so that the five-axle steering motion is not coupled with the suspension motion, and the interference steering is not generated; by integrating the pressure and the compensating valve on the master cylinder, the high integration of parts is realized, the system structure is simplified, and by integrating the bypass valve 46 on the master cylinder, the five-axle steering system is not affected by slight disturbance, and the straight-line running stability and safety of the vehicle are improved.
It should be noted that the high pressure oil, the low pressure oil, the oil and the hydraulic oil should be understood by the same concept in the present invention; the rear steering axle hydrostatic system, the steering system of the rear steering axle and the five-axle steering system refer to a system consisting of a main oil cylinder 4, a centering oil cylinder 5 and oil passages between the main oil cylinder and the centering oil cylinder.
Practical application shows that the invention can produce the following beneficial effects: 1) the vehicle operation performance is improved, and the vehicle rotation track and the turning radius are reduced; 2) the tire wear is reduced, and the power condition of the vehicle is optimized for the vehicle with a trailer or a rear axle; 3) when backing and in-situ operation are carried out, the rear steering axle also has a steering function; 4) the steering system of the rear steering axle is not influenced by the driving form, and the straight line driving stability of the rear steering axle is ensured; 5) no mechanical rod system exists between the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, so that the rigidity of the system is ensured, and no electric control system exists between the front steering axle and the rear steering axle, so that the reliability of the system is improved; 6) the steering motion of the rear steering axle is not coupled with the motion of the suspension and interference steering is not generated; 7) the emergency steering function is achieved, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the claimed invention, and various modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the scope of the invention defined by the claims without departing from the design concept of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic power-assisted steering system comprises a steering oil tank (1), a steering main pump (2) and a power steering gear (3), wherein the steering main pump (2) is connected with an engine, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the steering main pump (2) are correspondingly connected with oil inlets of the steering oil tank (1) and the power steering gear (3), the power steering gear (3) is connected with a steering knuckle arm of a front steering axle through a steering vertical arm and a steering pull rod, the hydraulic power-assisted steering system is characterized by further comprising a main oil cylinder (4), a centering oil cylinder (5) and an energy accumulator (6), the main oil cylinder (4) comprises a main cylinder body (41) and a main piston rod (42), the main cylinder body (41) is hinged with a frame, the main piston rod (42) is hinged with the steering vertical arm, a main partition (43) is fixed in the middle of an inner cavity of the main cylinder body (41), a first main piston (44) and a second main piston (45) are correspondingly arranged on two, the first main piston (44) and the second main piston (45) are respectively fixedly connected with a main piston rod (42), a Z1 cavity is formed between the first main piston (44) and the front end cover of the main cylinder body (41), a Z1 cavity is provided with a connector B communicated with the Z1 cavity, a Z2 cavity is formed between the first main piston (44) and the main partition (43), a connector C communicated with the Z2 cavity is formed, a Z3 cavity is formed between the second main piston (45) and the main partition (43), a connector D communicated with the Z3 cavity is formed in the Z3 cavity, a Z4 cavity is formed between the second main piston (45) and the rear end cover of the main cylinder body (41), a connector E communicated with the Z4 cavity is formed in the Z4 cavity, and a pressure and compensation valve and a connector F are integrated between the connector C and the connector D in the main cylinder (4); the centering oil cylinder (5) comprises a centering cylinder body (51) and a centering piston rod (52), the centering cylinder body (51) is hinged with a support lug in the middle of the axle body of the rear steering axle, the centering piston rod (52) is hinged with a left trapezoidal arm of the rear steering axle, a centering partition (53) is fixed in the middle of an inner cavity of the centering cylinder body (51), a first centering piston (54) and a second centering piston (55) are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the centering partition (53), the first centering piston (54) and the second centering piston (55) are respectively and fixedly connected with the centering piston rod (52), a Z5 cavity is formed between the first centering piston (54) and a front end cover of the centering cylinder body (51), a connector W communicated with the Z5 cavity is arranged in the Z6 cavity, a connector X communicated with the Z6 cavity is arranged in the Z6 cavity, and a Z7 cavity is formed between the second centering piston (55) and the centering partition (53), a Z7 cavity is provided with a connector Y communicated with the Z7 cavity, a Z8 cavity is formed between the second centering piston (55) and the rear end cover of the centering cylinder body (51), and a Z8 cavity is provided with a connector Z communicated with the Z8 cavity; the interface B is connected with a right-turn output oil port of the power steering gear (3) through a first oil way, the interface E is connected with a left-turn output oil port of the power steering gear (3) through a second oil way, the interface C is connected with the interface X through a third oil way, the interface D is connected with the interface W through a fourth oil way, and the interface F is connected with the interface Y and the interface Z through a fifth oil way; the accumulator (6) is arranged on the fifth oil path.
2. A hydraulic power steering system according to claim 1, wherein the master cylinder (4) is integrated with a bypass valve (46), the two ports of the bypass valve (46) are communicated with a Z2 cavity and a Z3 cavity, respectively, a valve rod (461) of the bypass valve (46) is perpendicular to the master piston rod (42), and the end of the valve rod (461) is positioned in an arc-shaped groove (421) arranged on the master piston rod (42).
3. The hydraulic power-assisted steering system according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising an emergency valve (7) and an emergency pump (8), wherein the emergency pump (8) is connected with the transfer case, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the emergency pump (8) are correspondingly connected with P2 ports of the steering oil tank (1) and the emergency valve (7), a liquid outlet of the steering main pump (2) is connected with a P1 port of the emergency valve (7), an A port of the emergency valve (7) is connected with an oil inlet of the power steering gear (3), and a T port of the emergency valve (7) is connected with the steering oil tank (1).
4. The hydraulic power steering system according to claim 3, wherein the front steering axle comprises a first axle and a second axle, the steering pendant comprises a first axle pendant arm (9) and a second axle pendant arm (10), the steering pull rod comprises a first axle drag link (11) and a second axle drag link (12), the upper end of the first axle pendant arm (9) is connected with the power steering gear (3), two ends of the first axle drag link (11) are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the first axle pendant arm (9) and the knuckle arm of the first axle, the upper end of the second axle pendant arm (10) is hinged with the vehicle frame, two ends of the second axle drag link (12) are correspondingly hinged with the lower end of the second axle pendant arm (10) and the knuckle arm of the second axle, and an intermediate transmission linkage is arranged between the first axle pendant arm (9) and the second axle pendant arm (10); the main piston rod (42) is hinged with the middle part of the two bridge vertical arms (10).
5. The hydraulic power steering system according to claim 4, wherein the intermediate transfer link system comprises an intermediate drop arm (13), a front drag link (14) and a rear drag link (15), the upper end of the intermediate drop arm (13) is hinged with the vehicle frame, two ends of the front drag link (14) are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the first bridge drop arm (9) and the lower end of the intermediate drop arm (13), and two ends of the rear drag link (15) are correspondingly hinged with the middle part of the intermediate drop arm (13) and the middle part of the second bridge drop arm (10).
6. The hydraulic power steering system according to claim 3, wherein an emergency indication switch (71) is connected to the emergency valve (7), the emergency indication switch (71) is turned on when a port P2 and a port A of the emergency valve (7) are communicated, and the emergency indication switch (71) is used for controlling a steering fault lamp and a buzzer arranged in the cab.
7. A hydraulic power steering system according to claim 3, wherein the width of the arcuate groove (421) is 18-26 mm.
8. A hydraulic power steering system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that more than two accumulators (6) are provided.
9. A hydraulic power steering system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fifth oil passage is provided with an oil-filled check valve (16).
10. A hydraulic power steering system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that a pressure tap (17) is provided on the fifth oil path.
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| CN202010025643.7A CN112550445B (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2020-01-10 | Hydraulic power-assisted steering system |
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| CN202010025643.7A CN112550445B (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2020-01-10 | Hydraulic power-assisted steering system |
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| CN114771635A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏金钟机械制造有限公司 | Structure-adjustable steering column |
| CN115556823A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-01-03 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | Multi-wheel steering system based on safety redundancy and vehicle |
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| CN115556823B (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-03 | 陕西重型汽车有限公司 | Multi-wheel steering system based on safety redundancy and vehicle |
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| CN112550445B (en) | 2022-07-01 |
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