CN221068210U - Steering system and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses a steering system and a vehicle. The steering system includes: an oil tank; a first oil pump and a second oil pump; the steering gear is provided with a main valve and an auxiliary valve, and the main valve, the first oil pump and the oil tank form a first steering hydraulic circuit; the first knuckle arm is connected with an output shaft of the steering gear through a transmission assembly; the steering oil cylinder, the auxiliary valve, the second oil pump and the oil tank form a second steering hydraulic circuit; the second knuckle arm is connected with a piston rod of the steering oil cylinder; the steering system has a first state in which the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit operate simultaneously, and also has a second state in which one of the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit fails and the other operates. Two different hydraulic circuits are adopted for simultaneously supplying oil to provide a power source, steering power is larger, the steering requirement of a large-tonnage vehicle can be met, and when one hydraulic circuit fails, the other hydraulic circuit realizes an emergency steering function.

Description

Steering system and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a steering system and a vehicle.

Background

At present, the front axle load of a large-tonnage dumper such as a wide dumper is larger, the existing steering system is configured by adopting an integral power steering device with a large cylinder diameter and adding an external steering power cylinder, the working flow of the integral steering device of the arrangement scheme is generally not more than 30L/min, the working pressure is 15MPa, the application on a larger-tonnage dumper is still not satisfied, meanwhile, the long-term working failure rate of an oil pump under the large flow is high, and the emergency steering function is not realized.

Disclosure of utility model

In view of the above, the present utility model provides a steering system and a vehicle to solve the problem that the steering system in the prior art cannot meet the steering requirement of a large tonnage vehicle.

In a first aspect, the present utility model provides a steering system comprising: an oil tank; the first oil pump and the second oil pump are communicated with the oil tank; the steering gear is provided with a main valve and an auxiliary valve, the main valve, the first oil pump and the oil tank form a first steering hydraulic circuit, and the auxiliary valve is communicated with the second oil pump; the first knuckle arm is suitable for being arranged on the front axle and is connected with an output shaft of the steering gear through the transmission assembly; the steering oil cylinder is suitable for being arranged on the front axle and communicated with the auxiliary valve, and the steering oil cylinder, the auxiliary valve, the second oil pump and the oil tank form a second steering hydraulic circuit; the second knuckle arm is suitable for being arranged on the front axle and connected with a piston rod of the steering oil cylinder; the steering system has a first state in which the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit operate simultaneously, and also has a second state in which one of the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit fails and the other operates.

The beneficial effects are that: when steering, the first oil pump works, the first oil pump pumps hydraulic oil in the oil tank into a main valve of the steering gear, and the rotation of an output shaft of the steering gear is transmitted to the first knuckle arm through the transmission assembly, so that the steering of the front wheels is controlled; the first oil pump works and the second oil pump works at the same time, the second oil pump pumps hydraulic oil in the oil tank into the auxiliary valve of the steering gear, the hydraulic oil flowing out of the auxiliary valve of the steering gear flows into the steering oil cylinder, and the piston rod of the steering oil cylinder moves to drive the second steering knuckle arm to move, so that the steering of the front wheels is controlled. The steering system adopts two different hydraulic circuits to simultaneously supply oil to provide a power source, steering power is larger, the steering requirement of a large-tonnage vehicle can be met, when one hydraulic circuit fails, the other hydraulic circuit can also realize the emergency steering function of the whole vehicle, and the safety of the whole vehicle is improved.

In an alternative embodiment, the steering cylinder and the second knuckle arm are two in number and are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

The beneficial effects are that: the steering system is provided with three power torque output points by the first steering knuckle arm and the two second steering knuckle arms, and the three power output points steer the front wheels on the same front axle, so that the steering requirement of the large-tonnage front axle can be met.

In an alternative embodiment, the two second steering knuckle arms are connected by a tie rod.

The beneficial effects are that: the steering tie rod enables the two second steering knuckle arms to synchronously move, and the two front wheels can simultaneously steer, so that the situation that the two front wheels are not synchronous in steering is effectively avoided.

In an alternative embodiment, the transmission assembly comprises a drop arm and a track rod, one end of the drop arm being connected to the output shaft of the steering gear, the other end of the drop arm being connected to one end of the track rod, the other end of the track rod being connected to one end of a first track arm, the other end of the first track arm being rotatably arranged on the front axle.

The beneficial effects are that: the steering vertical arm and the steering vertical rod form a transmission assembly, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.

In an alternative embodiment, the auxiliary valve is provided with an oil inlet, an oil return port, a first working oil port and a second working oil port, the oil inlet is communicated with the second oil pump, the oil return port is communicated with the oil tank, the first working oil port is communicated with a rodless cavity of the steering oil cylinder, and the second working oil port is communicated with a rod cavity of the steering oil cylinder.

In an alternative embodiment, the number of tanks is two and is a first tank and a second tank which are communicated with each other, the first oil pump is communicated with the first tank, and the second oil pump is communicated with the second tank.

The beneficial effects are that: the two oil tanks are used for supplying oil to the two oil pumps respectively, and the volume of each oil tank is smaller, so that the arrangement is more convenient.

In an alternative embodiment, the diverter is a unitary diverter.

The beneficial effects are that: the integral steering gear has the advantages of simple structure, steering sensitivity and the like.

In a second aspect, the present utility model also provides a vehicle comprising: a front wheel; the steering system is suitable for controlling the steering of the front wheels.

In an alternative embodiment, the vehicle further comprises an engine and a gearbox, the first oil pump of the steering system being fixed to the engine and the second oil pump being fixed to the gearbox.

The beneficial effects are that: the second oil pump is driven to work through the gearbox, a power source for driving the second oil pump is not required, and the whole structure is simplified.

In an alternative embodiment, the second oil pump is a single source electric pump.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a steering system in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model, which is engaged with a front axle and a front wheel.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. A first oil tank; 2. a second oil tank; 3. a first oil pump; 4. a second oil pump; 5. a diverter; 501. a sub-valve; 502. a main valve; 6. a steering drop arm; 7. a steering column; 8. a kingpin; 9. a first knuckle arm; 10. a cross beam; 11. a second knuckle arm; 12. a steering cylinder; 13. a tie rod; 14. a left steering pipeline; 15. a right steering pipeline; 16. and a front wheel.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

An embodiment of the present utility model is described below with reference to fig. 1.

According to an embodiment of the present utility model, in one aspect, there is provided a steering system including: the steering device comprises an oil tank, a first oil pump 3, a second oil pump 4, a steering gear 5, a first steering knuckle arm 9, a steering oil cylinder 12 and a second steering knuckle arm 11. The first oil pump 3 and the second oil pump 4 are communicated with the oil tank; the steering gear 5 has a main valve 502 and an auxiliary valve 501, the main valve 502 forms a first steering hydraulic circuit with the first oil pump 3 and the oil tank, and the auxiliary valve 501 is communicated with the second oil pump 4; the first knuckle arm 9 is suitable for being arranged on a front axle, and the first knuckle arm 9 is connected with an output shaft of the steering gear 5 through a transmission assembly; the steering cylinder 12 is suitable for being arranged on a front axle and is communicated with the auxiliary valve 501, and the steering cylinder 12, the auxiliary valve 501, the second oil pump 4 and the oil tank form a second steering hydraulic circuit; the second knuckle arm 11 is adapted to be arranged on the front axle and connected to the piston rod of the steering cylinder 12; the steering system has a first state in which the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit operate simultaneously, and also has a second state in which one of the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit fails and the other operates.

When the steering system of the embodiment is used for steering, the first oil pump 3 works, the first oil pump 3 pumps hydraulic oil in an oil tank into the main valve 502 of the steering gear 5, and the rotation of the output shaft of the steering gear 5 is transmitted to the first steering knuckle arm 9 through the transmission assembly, so that the steering of the front wheels 16 is controlled; the first oil pump 3 works and the second oil pump 4 works at the same time, the second oil pump 4 pumps hydraulic oil in an oil tank into the auxiliary valve 501 of the steering gear 5, the hydraulic oil flowing out of the auxiliary valve 501 of the steering gear 5 flows into the steering oil cylinder 12, and a piston rod of the steering oil cylinder 12 moves to drive the second knuckle arm 11 to move, so that the front wheels 16 are controlled to steer. The steering system adopts two different hydraulic circuits to simultaneously supply oil to provide a power source, steering power is larger, the steering requirement of a large-tonnage vehicle can be met, when one hydraulic circuit fails, the other hydraulic circuit can also realize the emergency steering function of the whole vehicle, and the safety of the whole vehicle is improved.

In one embodiment, the steering cylinder 12 and the second knuckle arm 11 are two in number and are provided in one-to-one correspondence. The steering system is provided with three power torque output points by one first steering knuckle arm 9 and two second steering knuckle arms 11, and the three power output points steer the front wheels 16 on the same front axle, so that the steering requirement of the large-tonnage front axle can be met. The two steering cylinders 12 are a left steering cylinder 12 and a right steering cylinder 12, respectively. Specifically, the second knuckle arm 11 is a trapezoid knuckle arm or the like.

In another embodiment, the number of the steering cylinders 12 and the number of the second knuckle arms 11 are one, and the steering system has two power torque output points, and the two power output points steer the front wheels 16 on the same front axle, so that the steering requirement of the large-tonnage front axle can be met.

In one embodiment, the two second knuckle arms 11 are connected by the tie rod 13, and the tie rod 13 enables the two second knuckle arms 11 to move synchronously, so that the two front wheels 16 can turn simultaneously, and the situation that the two front wheels 16 turn asynchronously is effectively avoided. The two ends of the tie rod 13 are correspondingly connected with one ends of two second knuckle arms 11, the other ends of the two second knuckle arms 11 are respectively connected to a cross beam 10 of the front axle through a master pin 8, two steering cylinders 12 are respectively connected with one second knuckle arm 11, and a piston rod of each steering cylinder 12 is connected with a part between the two ends of each second knuckle arm 11.

In one embodiment, the transmission assembly comprises a drop arm 6 and a track rod 7, one end of the drop arm 6 being connected to the output shaft of the steering gear 5, the other end of the drop arm 6 being connected to one end of the track rod 7, the other end of the track rod 7 being connected to one end of a first knuckle arm 9, the other end of the first knuckle arm 9 being rotatably arranged on the front axle. The steering vertical arm 6 and the steering vertical rod 7 form a transmission assembly, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.

In one embodiment, the auxiliary valve 501 has an oil inlet, an oil return port, a first working port, and a second working port, the oil inlet is in communication with the second oil pump 4, the oil return port is in communication with the oil tank, the first working port is in communication with the rodless cavity of the steering cylinder 12, and the second working port is in communication with the rod cavity of the steering cylinder 12. The auxiliary valve 501 is similar to a three-position four-way valve, the auxiliary valve 501 is provided with a first working position, a second working position and a third working position, when the auxiliary valve 501 is in the first working position, an oil inlet is not communicated with the first working oil port and the second working oil port, when the auxiliary valve 501 is in the second working position, an oil inlet is communicated with the first working oil port, an oil return port is communicated with the second working oil port, when the auxiliary valve 501 is in the third working position, an oil inlet is communicated with the second working oil port, an oil return port is communicated with the first working oil port, and rotation or non-rotation is realized by switching the working positions of the auxiliary valve 501.

Further, the first working oil port is communicated with the rodless cavity of the steering cylinder 12 through a right steering pipeline 15, and the second working oil port is communicated with the rod cavity of the steering cylinder 12 through a left steering pipeline 14.

In one embodiment, the number of the oil tanks is two, namely a first oil tank 1 and a second oil tank 2 which are communicated with each other, the first oil pump 3 is communicated with the first oil tank 1, the second oil pump 4 is communicated with the second oil tank 2, and oil is supplied to the two oil pumps through the two oil tanks respectively, so that the volume of each oil tank is smaller, and the arrangement is more convenient. Specifically, the first tank 1 and the second tank 2 are fixed to the frame. It will be appreciated that the first tank 1 and the second tank 2 may not be in communication.

In another embodiment, the number of tanks may be one.

In one embodiment, the steering gear 5 is an integral steering gear, and the integral steering gear has the advantages of simple structure, steering sensitivity and the like. Specifically, the steering gear 5 is fixed on the frame through a bracket, a steering vertical arm 6 is sleeved on an output shaft of the steering gear 5, one end ball head of a steering vertical rod 7 is connected with the steering vertical arm 6, and the other end ball head is connected with a first steering knuckle arm 9. The integral steering gear is provided with two steering control valves, namely a secondary valve 501 and a main valve 502, and the two steering control valves are internally provided with compensation valves, and the integral steering gear is of a conventional structure in the prior art and is not described in detail herein.

According to an embodiment of the present utility model, in another aspect, there is also provided a vehicle including: the front wheels 16 and the steering system described above, the steering system being adapted to control steering of the front wheels 16.

Specifically, the main valve 502 forms a first steering hydraulic circuit with the first oil pump 3 and the oil tank, the steering cylinder 12, the auxiliary valve 501, the second oil pump 4 and the oil tank form a second steering hydraulic circuit, the steering system comprises two sets of transmission mechanisms, one set of transmission mechanism comprises an output shaft of the steering gear 5, a steering vertical arm 6, a steering longitudinal pull rod 7 and a first steering arm 9, the other set of transmission mechanism comprises a second steering arm 11, the steering cylinder 12 and a steering transverse pull rod 13, the first steering arm 9 and the left second steering arm 11 share one main pin 8, the first steering arm 9 and the left second steering arm 11 rotate around the main pin 8, the right second steering arm 11 is arranged on the other main pin 8 and rotates around the main pin 8, the steering system adopts a double-circuit integral steering gear and two steering cylinders 12, 3 power output points are formed by a steering gear end and two cylinder ends, the 3 power output points provide power for the 3 steering arms, and simultaneously one front wheel can meet the requirements of a large-tonnage hydraulic circuit or an emergency hydraulic circuit of a dumper truck, and the hydraulic circuit can be operated by adopting the two emergency hydraulic circuits when the steering system is in front of the steering system, and the hydraulic circuit is required to realize any emergency hydraulic circuit.

In one embodiment, the vehicle further comprises an engine and a gearbox, the first oil pump 3 of the steering system is fixed on the engine, the second oil pump 4 is fixed on the gearbox, the second oil pump 4 is driven to work through the gearbox, a power source for driving the second oil pump 4 is not needed, and the overall structure is simplified. The second oil pump 4 is preferably a plunger pump.

In another embodiment, the second oil pump 4 is a single-source electric pump, and the electric pump includes a motor and a pump body, and the pump body is driven to work by the motor. The single-source electric pump is a conventional structure in the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.

Specifically, the vehicle further includes a front axle including a cross member 10 and the like, front wheels 16 are provided on both ends of the cross member 10, and first and second knuckle arms 9 and 11 are provided on the cross member 10 and cooperate with hubs of the front wheels 16.

The first oil tank 1, the first oil pump 3, and the integral steering gear are connected by a pipeline, and the second oil tank 2, the second oil pump 4, the left steering cylinder 12, and the right steering cylinder 12 are connected by a pipeline.

Specifically, the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a dump truck, an excavator, a crane, a pile machine, a mixer, and the like, and the dump truck is a wide dump truck and the like.

In the related art, a steering system adopts a semi-integral steering gear, the semi-integral steering gear can not provide hydraulic power, the steering system only has one loop for supplying oil to provide a power source, the power output point is only two oil cylinders, only a main pump supplies oil to the two oil cylinders under the normal working condition, and the same loop is adopted to realize the emergency steering of starting an emergency steering pump when the main pump stops working by utilizing the switching function of an emergency steering valve. The steering system adopts the double-loop integral steering gear and two different loops to simultaneously supply oil to provide power sources, and 3 power output points consisting of a steering gear end and two oil cylinder ends provide steering power for 3 knuckle arms, so that the two different hydraulic loops work simultaneously under normal conditions; when one hydraulic circuit fails, the other hydraulic circuit can realize the emergency steering function of the whole vehicle.

Although embodiments of the present utility model have been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A steering system, comprising:

An oil tank;

a first oil pump (3) and a second oil pump (4) which are communicated with the oil tank;

A steering gear (5) having a main valve (502) and a sub-valve (501), wherein the main valve (502) forms a first steering hydraulic circuit with the first oil pump (3) and the oil tank, and the sub-valve (501) is communicated with the second oil pump (4);

A first knuckle arm (9) adapted to be provided on a front axle, said first knuckle arm (9) being connected to an output shaft of said steering gear (5) by a transmission assembly;

A steering cylinder (12) adapted to be provided on the front axle and to communicate with the sub-valve (501), the steering cylinder (12), the sub-valve (501), the second oil pump (4) and the oil tank forming a second steering hydraulic circuit;

A second knuckle arm (11) adapted to be provided on the front axle and connected to a piston rod of the steering cylinder (12);

Wherein the steering system has a first state in which the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit operate simultaneously, and a second state in which one of the first steering hydraulic circuit and the second steering hydraulic circuit fails and the other operates.

2. Steering system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of steering cylinders (12) and the second knuckle arms (11) is two and arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

3. Steering system according to claim 2, characterized in that the two second knuckle arms (11) are connected by a tie rod (13).

4. A steering system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the transmission assembly comprises a drop arm (6) and a track rod (7), one end of the drop arm (6) being connected to the output shaft of the steering gear (5), the other end of the drop arm (6) being connected to one end of the track rod (7), the other end of the track rod (7) being connected to one end of the first knuckle arm (9), the other end of the first knuckle arm (9) being rotatably arranged on the front axle.

5. A steering system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the secondary valve (501) has an oil inlet communicating with the second oil pump (4), an oil return opening communicating with the oil tank, a first working oil opening communicating with a rodless chamber of the steering cylinder (12), a second working oil opening communicating with a rod-like chamber of the steering cylinder (12).

6. A steering system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the number of tanks is two and respectively a first tank (1) and a second tank (2) being in communication, the first oil pump (3) being in communication with the first tank (1) and the second oil pump (4) being in communication with the second tank (2).

7. A steering system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the steering gear (5) is an integrated steering gear.

8. A vehicle, characterized by comprising:

A front wheel (16);

The steering system of any one of claims 1 to 7, adapted to control steering of the front wheels (16).

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises an engine and a gearbox, to which the first oil pump (3) of the steering system is fixed, and to which the second oil pump (4) is fixed.

10. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the second oil pump (4) is a single source electric pump.