CN112549721A - 一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉 - Google Patents

一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉 Download PDF

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CN112549721A
CN112549721A CN202011408055.8A CN202011408055A CN112549721A CN 112549721 A CN112549721 A CN 112549721A CN 202011408055 A CN202011408055 A CN 202011408055A CN 112549721 A CN112549721 A CN 112549721A
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王小隆
游镇勋
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Haida Zhihui Xiamen Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，包括：包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶，具有高阻燃、高隔热的优点，耐候性好，聚氨酯纤维耐候性良好，长久使用不会发生纤维脆化粉碎，泡棉的氧指数和力学性能好，硅氧烷偶联剂能够在氢氧化铝的表面形成有机包覆层，降低氢氧化铝分子的表面能，促进氢氧化铝在聚合物中的分散性。

Description

一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉
技术领域
本发明涉及涉及泡棉材料制备技术领域，具体为一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉。
背景技术
随着制造业生产技术的发展，人们对生活用品的质量要求已经越来越高。生活用品是日常生活中经常接触的，其质量好坏不仅直接决定了使用寿命，还决定了使用舒适度，更重要的是还能影响使用者的身体健康。泡棉因其具有弹性和质量轻等特点，被广泛应用于生活用品的填充材料，可以起到保温、缓冲等作用，因此泡棉质量的好坏，一定程度上影响着生活用品的质量。
泡棉分为PU泡棉，防静电泡棉，导电泡棉，EPE，防静电EPE，PORON， CR，EVA，架桥PE，SBR，EPDM等，具有使用方便、弯曲自如、体积超薄、性能可靠等一系列特点。
现有技术中，可参考授权公告号为CN103772778B的中国发明专利文件，其公开了一种防霉抗静电CR泡棉及其制备方法，包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：氯丁橡胶50～70份、硅微粉4～8份、海泡石3～6份、过氧化二异丙苯4～7份、纳米氧化锌3～6份、增塑剂A7～11份、发泡剂4～8份、防老剂1～3份、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵硝酸盐2～5份、富马酸二甲酯0.5～ 2份。本案添加纳米氧化锌和富马酸二甲酯使CR泡棉具有抗菌防霉变效果和良好的抗静电作用，但该防霉抗静电CR泡棉不具有阻燃效果。
现有技术中，可参考申请公布号为CN107856373A的中国发明专利申请文件，其公开了一种具有阻燃性能的多层导电泡棉，包括泡棉本体和导电布，导电布包裹在泡棉本体的外表面，泡棉本体包括由下向上依次设置的第一导电胶层、泡棉层、金属层、第二导电胶层，泡棉层包括多层分体泡棉层，相邻两个分体泡棉层之间设有加强层，导电布的外侧由内至外依次设有隔热层和阻燃层；阻燃层由阻燃喷聊喷涂而成，本案的导电泡棉虽具有良好的导电性能，但因为使用含卤阻燃涂料，当本案的导电泡棉燃烧时，容易产生大量带有毒性的浓烟，人体吸入后，人员对人体造成伤害，且对空气污染较严重，环保系数较低。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，包括：
包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；
所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶；
所述泡棉基层由以下重量份的原料制成：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇90～120份、水4.1-5.1份、聚氨酯催化剂0.1-0.2份、有机锡催化剂0.1-0.5份、泡沫稳定剂0.8-1.6份、辅助发泡剂6-10份、硅油0.5～ 2.5份、环糊精4～9份；
本发明改进有，所述消音泡棉层为阻燃聚氨酯。
本发明改进有，所述催化剂为有机铋、有机锌和有机稀土中的一种或几种的混合物。
本发明改进有，所述泡棉基层还包括无卤阻燃剂8-12份。
本发明改进有，所述有机锡催化剂包括聚氨酯有机锡催化剂T-9。
本发明改进有，所述阻燃热熔胶包括EVA 50-70wt％，可膨胀石墨10-30wt％，石墨烯纤维10-20wt％及玻璃微球5-10wt％。
本发明改进有，所述泡棉还包括有6～10份聚合物多元醇。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，具有高阻燃、高隔热的优点，耐候性好，聚氨酯纤维耐候性良好，长久使用不会发生纤维脆化粉碎，泡棉的氧指数和力学性能好，硅氧烷偶联剂能够在氢氧化铝的表面形成有机包覆层，降低氢氧化铝分子的表面能，促进氢氧化铝在聚合物中的分散性，从而提高泡棉的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，且有机包覆层能够使氢氧化铝和聚合物结合更加紧密，分散更加的均匀，便于隔断热源，提高氧指数，从而提高阻燃性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提供的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，包括：
包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；
所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶；
所述泡棉基层由以下重量份的原料制成：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇90份、水4.1份、聚氨酯催化剂0.1份、有机锡催化剂0.1份、泡沫稳定剂0.8份、辅助发泡剂6份、硅油0.5份、环糊精4份。
可以在最外层设置一层耐磨层，防止磨损还具有防水功能，便于清洁污垢，整个配置稳定性好，不易变形，增加使用寿命，具有阻燃效果，实用性更强。
实施例2
本发明提供的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，包括：
包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；
所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶；
所述泡棉基层由以下重量份的原料制成：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇100份、水4.5份、聚氨酯催化剂0.15份、有机锡催化剂0.3 份、泡沫稳定剂1.0份、辅助发泡剂8份、硅油1.5份、环糊精6份。
可以在最外层设置一层耐磨层，防止磨损还具有防水功能，便于清洁污垢，整个配置稳定性好，不易变形，增加使用寿命，具有阻燃效果，实用性更强。
实施例3
本发明提供的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，包括：
包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；
所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶；
所述泡棉基层由以下重量份的原料制成：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇120份、水5.1份、聚氨酯催化剂0.2份、有机锡催化剂0.5 份、泡沫稳定剂1.6份、辅助发泡剂10份、硅油2.5份、环糊精9份。
可以在最外层设置一层耐磨层，防止磨损还具有防水功能，便于清洁污垢，整个配置稳定性好，不易变形，增加使用寿命，具有阻燃效果，实用性更强。
通过采用上述技术方案，无卤聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯作为反应原料，催化剂催化发生反应，水作为发泡剂，从而生成泡棉。加入的硅油起稳定剂的作用，通过减小表面张力来控制泡孔结构和均匀度，从而制得均匀微泡的泡棉，若硅油使用量过多，使得泡棉泡孔壁弹性增强，不易破裂，泡孔细，出现泡棉闭孔现象；若硅油用量少，泡沫稳定性不足，会出现并泡的现象，且泡孔粗大而不均匀，甚至塌泡。环糊精是具有“内疏水，外亲水”的特殊结构的环状低聚糖，整个环糊精分子围成一个空腔，内部空腔可以包裹有机分子，外部亲水性基团可以与无卤聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯中的活性基团发生反应，增大反应产物的分子量，并且环糊精分子具有圆筒状结构，可以使反应得到泡棉结构更稳定。
本发明改进有，所述消音泡棉层为阻燃聚氨酯。
本发明改进有，所述催化剂为有机铋、有机锌和有机稀土中的一种或几种的混合物。
本发明改进有，所述泡棉基层还包括无卤阻燃剂8-12份。
本发明改进有，所述有机锡催化剂包括聚氨酯有机锡催化剂T-9。
本发明改进有，所述阻燃热熔胶包括EVA 50-70wt％，可膨胀石墨 10-30wt％，石墨烯纤维10-20wt％及玻璃微球5-10wt％。
上述阻燃热熔胶的具体制备方法可以具体如下：按照配方比例，将：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇90～120份、水4.1-5.1份、聚氨酯催化剂0.1-0.2份、有机锡催化剂0.1-0.5份、泡沫稳定剂0.8-1.6份、辅助发泡剂6-10份、硅油0.5～2.5份、环糊精4～9份加入搅拌机中混合搅拌，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌速度为100r/min；然后加入双螺杆挤出机挤出，双螺杆挤出机的长径比为44，输送段、熔融段、混炼段、排气段、均化段的温度分别为：80℃、90℃、95℃、100℃、105℃，螺旋杆的转速为440r/min；再进入加压密炼机中密炼，密炼的时间为45min，密炼的温度为105℃；最后加入流延挤出机挤出，流延挤出机长径比为30，机筒1区、2区、3区、4区的温度分别为：90℃、100℃、105℃、100℃，模口温度为110℃，螺旋杆的转速为40r/min，制得阻燃热熔胶，厚度为0.06mm。
本发明改进有，所述泡棉还包括有6～10份聚合物多元醇。
按照实施例1-3和现有技术中泡棉作为对比例，并根据GB/T2408-2008 检测标准检测阻燃泡棉的水平垂直燃烧性能,根据GB/T1039--92-2009检测阻燃泡棉的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,根据GB/T1040-96检测阻燃泡棉的弯曲强度,根据GB/T9341-2008检测阻燃泡棉的冲击强度,根据GB/T2406.1-2008检测阻燃泡棉的氧指数，其中GB/T2406.2-2009中规定氧指数在22％以下属于易燃材料，氧指数在22-27％之间属于难燃材料,氧指数在27％以上属于阻燃材料, 检测结果如表2所示。
Figure RE-GDA0002929340360000061
从表上可以看出，本发明的泡棉的力学性能良好，且阻燃等级均可达到 FV-1级，氧指数均大于27％，属于阻燃材料，弯曲强度打，冲击强度强，性能远远大于对比例。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，包括：
包括泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层；所述泡棉基层的两侧设置有膨体纤维层；所述膨体纤维层的外侧设置有消音泡棉层；
所述膨体纤维层为聚氨酯纤维，沿导电泡棉径向方向及沿导电泡棉截面环向方向平织而成，所述泡棉基层，膨体纤维层及消音泡棉层之间设置有阻燃热溶胶；
所述泡棉基层由以下重量份的原料制成：甲苯二异氰酸酯52-62份、无卤聚醚多元醇90～120份、水4.1-5.1份、聚氨酯催化剂0.1-0.2份、有机锡催化剂0.1-0.5份、泡沫稳定剂0.8-1.6份、辅助发泡剂6-10份、硅油0.5～2.5份、环糊精4～9份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述消音泡棉层为阻燃聚氨酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述催化剂为有机铋、有机锌和有机稀土中的一种或几种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述泡棉基层还包括无卤阻燃剂8-12份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述有机锡催化剂包括聚氨酯有机锡催化剂T-9。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述阻燃热熔胶包括EVA 50-70wt％，可膨胀石墨10-30wt％，石墨烯纤维10-20wt％及玻璃微球5-10wt％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯阻燃泡棉，其特征在于，所述泡棉还包括有6～10份聚合物多元醇。
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