CN112547853B - Shaping method for slender thin-wall ultrahigh-strength steel combustion chamber shell - Google Patents
Shaping method for slender thin-wall ultrahigh-strength steel combustion chamber shell Download PDFInfo
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for shaping a slender thin-wall ultrahigh-strength steel combustion chamber shell, which is characterized in that the straightness and the diameters of all sections of front and rear connecting pieces and a barrel bus are detected; the fixture and the stay bar are used as a shaping tool for the combustion chamber shell, and the fixture comprises a pair of semicircular rings and a plurality of metal gaskets with different lengths and thicknesses; the length of the stay bar is adjusted by matching bolts and nuts, and two ends of the stay bar are respectively connected with a gasket; sleeving a clamp outside the cylinder, placing a gasket between the cylinder and the clamp, sequentially pressing points which are higher than the average diameter of the cylinder around the major point of the cylinder into small points, and shaping the small points into large points; the support rod is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, the gasket is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, and the minimum diameter point of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece is supported into the maximum diameter point through the support rod. The invention has simple process, wide application range and flexible and changeable application mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shaping process, in particular to a shaping method of a steel structure shell.
Background
The ultra-high strength steel is mainly used for a combustion chamber shell, a booster shell and the like of the solid rocket engine, the combustion chamber shell and the booster shell of the solid rocket engine belong to slender thin-walled parts, and the requirement on the dimensional accuracy of the shells is high after heat treatment.
For example, the processing process flow of the combustion chamber shell is as follows: assembling and welding the front and rear connecting pieces and the spinning cylinder → annealing → X-ray inspection → support welding → magnetic powder inspection → annealing → quenching + low-temperature tempering → shaping → tempering → straightness roundness detection → performance detection → machining → hydrostatic test → drying oil seal. The combustion chamber shell belongs to a thin-wall part, a series of supports are welded on a thin-wall cylinder, deformation is large after quenching, the straightness of the slender thin-wall combustion chamber shell is required to be not more than 1.5mm, and the ovality of the slender thin-wall combustion chamber shell is not more than 1.2mm, but in actual production, the straightness after quenching and low-temperature tempering is maximally more than 3mm, and the ovality is maximally more than 8mm, so that the problem that deformation of the thin-wall combustion chamber shell is controlled becomes urgent to solve is solved.
At present, a method for shaping the shell of the combustion chamber and the shell of the booster by heat treatment comprises an outer hoop inner support method, wherein a small and short shell can be shaped by the outer hoop and the inner support method, and a large-diameter shell can be shaped by the inner support method. However, when the combustion chamber shell belongs to a thin-wall elongated part, when the combustion chamber shell is shaped by adopting an integral internal-supporting tool, the longer the combustion chamber shell is, the longer the expansion valve required by the shaping tool is, the larger the bending of the expansion valve in the shaping process is, the internal-supporting tool is difficult to be attached to the inner wall of the combustion chamber shell, and the shaping effect cannot be achieved. When the front rear connecting piece and the barrel are deformed simultaneously, the shaping requirement is difficult to meet only by adopting outer hoop type shaping, because the thickness of the front and rear connecting pieces is between 20 and 30mm, the tensile strength after quenching is more than 1900MPa, when the front and rear connecting pieces are shaped by adopting the outer hoop type shaping, the shaping tool is deformed and cannot achieve the shaping effect, or a relatively thick and heavy clamp is needed to shape in place, and the clamp is thick and heavy, so that the clamp is easy to slip off due to looseness in the heat treatment process, and the shell is damaged; if only the barrel is shaped, the barrel part close to the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece cannot achieve the shaping effect due to the synergistic effect caused by the deformation of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece. In addition, when the average diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the existing shaping clamp more and only a tool with the larger inner diameter of the shaping clamp is arranged on a production field, the existing shaping clamp cannot achieve the shaping effect.
In the patent application CN 102416414A, "control method of shape accuracy of ultra-high strength steel thin-wall cylinder", a pair of semi-circular arc compression rings are adopted, the center clamping point A is aligned to two ends of the maximum diameter of the cross section of the cylinder shell to be corrected, the cylinder shell is fastened, corrected and fixed through bolts and nuts, and then stable tempering treatment is carried out, so that the cylinder with qualified shape accuracy is obtained. However, the shaping effect cannot be achieved by the above outer band shaping method when the following occurs:
1) The included angle between the large diameter point and the small diameter point of the same section of the cylinder body is less than 30 degrees;
2) The difference between the diameter large point of the same section of the cylinder and the average diameter of the shell is not large, and the difference between the diameter small point and the average diameter of the shell is large;
3) When three or more large points with the same diameter appear on the same section of the cylinder body;
4) The front and rear connecting pieces and the barrel body deform simultaneously;
5) When the average diameter of the cylinder body is less than the inner diameter of the shaping clamp.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shaping method of a slender thin-wall ultrahigh-strength steel combustion chamber shell, which is used for shaping the slender thin-wall combustion chamber shell after heat treatment deformation, and has the advantages of simple process, wide application range and flexible and variable use modes.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: detecting the straightness of the front and rear connecting pieces and the bus of the cylinder and the diameter of each section; the fixture and the stay bar are used as a shaping tool for the combustion chamber shell, and the fixture comprises a pair of semicircular rings and a plurality of metal gaskets with different lengths and thicknesses; the length of the stay bar is adjusted by matching bolts and nuts, and two ends of the stay bar are respectively connected with a gasket; sleeving a clamp outside the cylinder, placing a gasket between the cylinder and the clamp, sequentially pressing points which are higher than the average diameter of the cylinder around the major point of the cylinder into small points, and shaping the small points into large points; the support rod is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, the gasket is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, and the minimum diameter point of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece is supported into the maximum diameter point through the support rod.
The diameter of the clamp is larger than the average diameter of the cylinder body, and the difference value is not more than 2mm.
The thickness of the gasket of the clamp is divided into 0.5mm and 1mm, and the width of the gasket is the same as the width of the clamp; the thickness of the spacer of the stay bar is 10mm.
The opening end of the clamp is aligned with the minimum diameter point of the section of the cylinder body needing to be shaped, gaskets are placed on the section part which is 0.5mm higher than the average diameter, the gaskets are placed in a staggered mode, the gasket with the maximum diameter point is thickest, the points which are higher than the average diameter and are arranged around the large point of the cylinder body are sequentially pressed into small points, the small diameter points are shaped into a large diameter point, the large point pressing amount is 2-7 mm, and the small diameter point rising amount is 3-8 mm; shaping the barrel from one end to the other end section by section, the interval of each section is 100-500 mm.
The shaped combustion chamber shell is vertically hung in a furnace for tempering, the tempering temperature is 280-560 ℃, the temperature is kept for 120-210 min, and the combustion chamber shell is taken out of the furnace for air cooling.
The invention detects the straightness and roundness of the connecting piece and the cylinder after shaping, reshapes the unqualified shaped shell, improves the tempering temperature by 10 ℃ on the basis of the last tempering, and keeps the temperature for 60-90 min.
The invention avoids the support on the cylinder to detect the whole-cylinder bus straightness and the distribution condition of each section diameter (including the diameters of the front and rear connecting pieces and the cylinder), measures the radial runout quantity of the whole cylinder when necessary, determines the distribution condition of each section diameter and determines the shaping position;
the invention determines a shaping method according to the deformation condition of a combustion chamber shell, which comprises the following steps:
1) The included angle between the maximum diameter point and the minimum diameter point of the same section of the cylinder body is less than 30 degrees. The inner diameter of the clamp is consistent with the average diameter of the cylinder, the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum diameter point of the section of the cylinder needing to be shaped, a gasket is placed on the section part which is 0.4mm higher than the average diameter, the gasket with the maximum diameter point is thickest, the points which are higher than the average diameter and are arranged around the large point of the cylinder are sequentially pressed into small points, the small diameter points are shaped into large diameter points, the pressing amount of the large points is 1.0-7 mm smaller than the average diameter of the cylinder, and the rising amount of the small diameter points is 3-8 mm.
2) The difference between the maximum diameter point of the same section of the cylinder and the average diameter of the cylinder is not large, and the difference between the minimum diameter point and the average diameter of the cylinder is large. The diameter of the clamp is 2mm larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum point of the diameter of the cylinder, a gasket is placed on the section larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the thickness of the gasket is increased in sequence according to the deformation, and the pressing amount is 1-3 mm; the small diameter point rises 3-8 mm.
3) Three or more big points appear on the shaping section of the cylinder body. The diameter of the clamp is 2mm larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the opening of the clamp is placed at the position of the minimum diameter of the shaping section, gaskets with different thicknesses are placed on the section which is 0.4mm larger than the diameter of the cylinder, the thickness of the gaskets is sequentially increased according to the deformation size, the pressing amount of a large diameter point is 1-7 mm smaller than the average diameter of the cylinder, and the lifting amount of a minimum diameter point is 3-8 mm.
4) The front and rear connecting members and the barrel are deformed simultaneously. If the inner molded surface of the front and rear connecting pieces is a straight cylinder, the stay bar is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces during shaping, if the deformation of the front and rear connecting pieces is elliptical, only two gaskets with the area ratio of 1:1 are placed at the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces, and the minimum diameter point of the front and rear connecting pieces is supported into a maximum point through the stay bar; if one side of the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces is in an inner arch shape, only two gaskets with the area ratio of 3:1 are placed at the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces, wherein the small gaskets are placed at the inner arch position, and the minimum diameter point of the front and rear connecting pieces is supported into the maximum diameter point through the supporting rods. The minimum point of the diameter is ensured to rise by 2-5 mm according to the deformation condition and the wall thickness. If the inner and outer molded surfaces of the front and rear connecting pieces belong to the special-shaped surfaces and the wall thickness is thinner, a clamp larger than the outer contour line of the front and rear connecting pieces is adopted, an opening is aligned to a small deformation point, a gasket with the corresponding thickness is placed at a large deformation point, the pressing amount of the large point diameter large point is smaller than the average diameter of the front and rear connecting pieces by 1-7 mm, and the lifting amount of the minimum diameter point is 3-8 mm.
The shaping method of the cylinder body within 500mm from the front and rear connecting pieces is the same as the above, but the pressing amount of the large-diameter point is 3-6 mm smaller than the average diameter of the cylinder body, the lifting amount of the small-diameter point is 5-8 mm, and the clamp is added within 500mm according to the deformation size.
5) When the average diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaping clamp. The gaskets are symmetrically and alternately arranged on the section part with the diameter 0.4mm higher than the average diameter of the cylinder, the inner diameter of the clamp is increased to the average diameter of the cylinder, the pressing amount of a large-diameter point is 2-7 mm smaller than the average diameter of the cylinder, and the rising amount of a minimum-diameter point is 3-8 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process is simple, the application range is wide, and the application mode is flexible and changeable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a tooling structure of the present invention, wherein fig. 1 (a) is a fixture structure and a shaping diagram, and fig. 1 (b) is a stay bar structure and a shaping diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the deformation and shaping of a cylindrical body in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the barrel deformation and reshaping of comparative experiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the deformation and shaping of the cylinder in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the deformation and reshaping of the barrel in comparative experiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the deformation and shaping of a cylinder in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the barrel deformation and reshaping in comparative experiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the barrel deformation and reshaping according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the deformation and reshaping of the cylinder in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the barrel deformation and reshaping in comparative experiment 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The conventional outer hoop shaping method of the cylindrical part is that a central tightening point A of a pair of semi-circular compression rings is aligned to two ends of the maximum diameter of the cross section of the cylindrical shell to be shaped, the cylindrical shell is tightened, corrected and fixed through bolts and nuts, and then stable tempering treatment is carried out, so that the cylindrical part with qualified shape precision is obtained. When the outer hoop type shaping is carried out, the included angle between the large diameter point and the small diameter point of the cylinder body is smaller than 30 degrees; when the difference between the large diameter point of the cylinder and the average diameter of the cylinder is not large, and the difference between the small diameter point of the cylinder and the average diameter of the cylinder is large; when three or more large points appear on the shaping section of the cylinder body; when the front and rear connecting pieces and the cylinder body deform simultaneously, the shaping method cannot achieve an ideal effect; in addition, when the outer diameter of the cylinder body is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp, the outer hoop type shaping tool cannot meet the shaping requirement.
The invention provides a shaping method of an ultrahigh-strength steel slender thin-wall combustion chamber shell, which comprises the following steps of:
1) Detecting the external dimension of the combustion chamber shell: detecting the straightness of a bus of the whole cylinder and the diameters of all sections (including front and rear connecting pieces) by avoiding a support on the cylinder, wherein the diameters comprise the diameter distribution of the whole sections, and marking and recording;
2) Shaping a combustion chamber shell: the combustor shell shaping tool comprises a clamp and a support rod. The clamp consists of a pair of semicircular rings, bolts, nuts and a plurality of pure iron or copper gaskets with different lengths and thicknesses, and the structure and the reshaping of the clamp are shown in figure 1 (a). The diameter D of the clamp is 0-2 mm larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the distance between a pair of semicircular rings of the clamp is 8mm, the 60-degree direction of the opening of the clamp is an elliptical long axis, the diameter of the short axis is the same as that of the circular rings, and the difference between the long axis and the short axis is 4-8 mm; the thickness of the gasket is divided into 0.5mm and 1mm, the width of the gasket is the same as the width of the clamp, the length of the gasket is changed according to the length of the deformed section, the gaskets are overlapped in a staggered mode, and the thickness and the length of the overlapped part are changed along with the deformation size. The stay bar comprises a left bolt, a right bolt, a nut and two gaskets, the stay bar structure and the shaping are shown in figure 1 (b), wherein the length of the stay bar is adjustable, the thickness of each gasket is 10mm, and the gaskets are divided into two types, namely 3:1 and 1:1 in area ratio.
Aiming at the conditions that the front and rear connecting pieces do not deform and the cylinder body deforms: during shaping, the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum diameter point of the section of the cylinder body needing shaping, gaskets are placed on the section part higher than the average diameter by 0.5mm, the gaskets are placed in a staggered mode, the gasket with the maximum diameter point is thickest, the points higher than the average diameter around the large point of the cylinder body are sequentially pressed into small points, the small diameter points are shaped into large diameter points, the pressing amount of the large points is different from 2mm to 7mm, and the rising amount of the small diameter points is different from 3mm to 8mm. The shaping is performed in sequence from top to bottom. The shaping interval is adjusted according to the deformation condition of the cylinder body, and is not equal from 100 to 500mm.
The simultaneous deformation condition of the front connecting piece, the rear connecting piece and the barrel is as follows: during shaping, the stay bar is placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, if the deformation of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece belongs to an ellipse, only two gaskets with the area ratio of 1:1 are placed at the minimum diameter position of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece, and the minimum diameter point of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece is supported into a maximum point through the stay bar; if one side of the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces is in an inner arch shape, only two gaskets with the area ratio of 3:1 are placed at the minimum diameter position of the front and rear connecting pieces, wherein the small gaskets are placed at the inner arch position, and the minimum diameter point of the front and rear connecting pieces is supported into the maximum diameter point through the supporting rods. The minimum point of the diameter is ensured to rise by 2-5 mm according to the deformation condition and the wall thickness. The shaping method of the cylinder is the same as the above.
Aiming at the condition that the average diameter of the cylinder body is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaping clamp: during shaping, the gaskets are symmetrically and alternately arranged on the section part 0.5mm higher than the average diameter of the cylinder, the inner diameter of the clamp is increased to the average diameter of the cylinder, the points higher than the average diameter around the large point of the cylinder are sequentially pressed into small points, the small points are shaped into large points with the diameter, the pressing amount of the large points is different from 2-7 mm, and the rising amount of the small points with the diameter is different from 3-8 mm. The shaping is performed in sequence from top to bottom. The shaping interval is adjusted according to the deformation condition of the cylinder body, and is not equal from 100 to 500mm.
3) Tempering the combustion chamber shell: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into a furnace for tempering, keeping the temperature at 280-560 ℃ for 120-210 min, discharging and air cooling.
4) And (3) detection: and (5) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the roundness, and marking and recording.
5) And (3) repeated reshaping: reshaping the combustion chamber shell which is not reshaped, wherein the reshaping method is the same as the above, the tempering temperature is increased by 10 ℃ on the basis of the last tempering, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 min.
After the shaping method is adopted for shaping, the cylinder straightness of the combustion chamber shell can be controlled within 1.5mm, and the cylinder ovality can be controlled within 1.2mm.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects and analysis of the present invention:
1) When the included angle between the large diameter point and the small diameter point of the same section of the cylinder body is not more than 30 degrees.
Example 1:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of the cylinder body part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm, the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the material is D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: detecting the straightness of the cylinder part of the combustion chamber shell after quenching and low-temperature tempering, determining the point with the maximum straightness, namely determining the positions of the projection and the recess of the cylinder part, measuring the diameter distribution of the projection and the recess of the straightness, dividing the cylinder into five sections uniformly to detect the diameter, marking a diameter distribution area on the cylinder, namely determining the areas of the large point and the small point of the cylinder diameter, and marking and recording the measured data. The measurement results show that the straightness is 1.8mm at most, the diameter maximum point is phi 402.3mm, the diameter minimum point is phi 396.6mm, the ovality is 5.7mm, and the cylinder is marked with sections with the diameters of more than phi 400.4mm and less than phi 399.4 mm.
Shaping: the shaping schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 2, the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum point of the diameter of the cylinder, the gasket is placed in the area of the cylinder with the diameter larger than phi 400.4mm, the thickness of the gasket is sequentially increased according to the deformation size, the maximum point phi 402.3mm is pressed down to phi 396.3mm, and the diameter phi 400.4mm is pressed down to phi 398.4mm; the minimum diameter phi 396.6mm is raised to phi 404.6mm, and the diameter phi 398.4mm is raised to phi 401.8mm.
Tempering: vertically hanging the shaped combustion chamber shell into a furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping shown in the table 1.
After the shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder is 1.0mm, and the ovality is 1.1mm, so that the design requirement of the product is met.
TABLE 1
Comparative experiment 1:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of the cylinder body part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm, the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the material is D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: and measuring the maximum straightness point and the diameter distribution of each section of the cylinder, and marking and recording the measured data. The measurement results show that the straightness is 1.7mm at most, the maximum diameter point is phi 402.0mm, the minimum diameter point is phi 397.6mm, and the ovality is 4.4mm.
Shaping: the shaping diagram is shown in fig. 3, the middle point of the clamp is aligned with the diameter maximum point of the cylinder, and the diameter maximum point phi 402.0mm is pressed down to phi 397.0mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping shown in the table 2.
After shaping, the cylinder has the maximum straightness of 1.6mm and the ovality of 2.5mm, and does not meet the design requirements of products. This is because according to this conventional shaping method, several different results occur: a) The point with the largest diameter becomes a small point; b) The cross-sectional diameter smaller than the average diameter in the vicinity of the diameter large point becomes smaller; c) The original diameter minimum point is basically unchanged; d) The cross section that originally approached the average diameter became larger.
TABLE 2
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Point of maximum diameter | Φ402.0 | Φ397.0 | Φ399.8 |
| |
Φ400.1 | Φ401.2 | Φ400.5 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ397.6 | Φ400.1 | Φ398.0 |
| Transition point 2 | Φ399.4 | Φ398.9 | Φ399.2 |
| Transition point 3 | Φ398.3 | Φ398.4 | Φ398.3 |
2) The difference between the large diameter point and the average diameter of the same section of the cylinder is not large, and the difference between the small diameter point and the average diameter is large
Example 2:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of the cylinder body part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm, the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the material is D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the straightness of the cylinder part of the combustion chamber shell after quenching and low-temperature tempering is 1.2mm at most, the maximum diameter point is phi 400.7mm, the secondary diameter point is phi 400.5mm, the minimum diameter point is phi 396.8mm, the ovality is 3.9mm, and the cross sections with the diameters larger than phi 400.4mm and smaller than phi 399.4mm are marked on the cylinder.
Shaping: the schematic diagram of cylinder deformation and shaping is shown in figure 4, the diameter of the clamp is 2mm larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum point of the cylinder diameter, gaskets with the thickness of 1-4 mm are placed on the section of the cylinder with the diameter larger than phi 400.4mm, the thickness of the gaskets is increased in sequence according to the deformation size, the maximum point phi 400.7mm is pressed to phi 398.5mm, and the diameter phi 400.5mm is pressed to phi 398.9mm; the diameter minimum point Φ 396.8mm was raised to Φ 402.0mm.
Tempering: vertically hanging the shaped combustion chamber shell into a furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping shown in a table 3.
After the shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder body is 1.0mm, and the ovality is 1.0mm, so that the design requirement of a product is met.
TABLE 3
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Point of maximum diameter | Φ400.7 | Φ398.5 | Φ399.5 |
| Point of next largest diameter | Φ400.5 | Φ398.9 | Φ399.8 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ396.8 | Φ402.0 | Φ399.2 |
Comparative experiment 2:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of a cylinder body part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm, the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the material is D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the point of maximum straightness and the diameter distribution of each section of the cylinder are measured, and the measured data are marked and recorded. The measurement results show that the straightness is 1.0mm at most, the maximum diameter point is phi 400.50mm, the minimum diameter point is phi 397.0mm, and the ovality is 3.5mm.
Shaping: the reshaping diagram is shown in fig. 5, the middle point of the clamp is aligned with the maximum diameter point of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter point phi of 400.5mm is pressed down to phi 399.0mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping in a table 4.
After shaping, the cylinder has the maximum straightness of 1.3mm and the ovality of 2.7mm, and does not meet the design requirements of products. The reason is that the diameter of the original maximum diameter point after shaping is basically close to the average diameter of the cylinder body according to the conventional shaping method; but when the angle between the small diameter point and the maximum diameter point is smaller and smaller, the smaller diameter point is driven to become smaller when the pressing distance at the middle position of the clamp is larger, as can be seen from table 4, the diameter of the small diameter point transition point is phi 399.2mm, and the diameter of the small diameter point transition point is changed from phi 399.2mm to phi 398.5mm after passing through the pressing distance at the maximum diameter point, and the diameter after final tempering is phi 398.9mm, which is smaller than the original diameter; meanwhile, the same problem exists with the minimum diameter point, and when the angle between the minimum diameter point and the maximum diameter point is not more than 30 ° and the smaller the angle, depressing the large diameter point causes the minimum diameter point to become smaller, and when the angle is more than 30 °, the minimum diameter point gradually increases.
TABLE 4
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Point of maximum diameter | Φ400.5 | Φ399.0 | Φ399.9 |
| Point of next largest diameter | Φ400.4 | Φ400.1 | Φ400.3 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ397.0 | Φ398.8 | Φ397.6 |
| |
Φ399.2 | Φ398.5 | Φ398.9 |
3) Three or more large points are formed on the same section of the cylinder body.
Example 3:
the length of a shell of a certain combustion chamber is 1900mm, the size parameters of a cylinder part are phi 160mm multiplied by 1500mm, the wall thickness is 1.6mm, the material is D6AC ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
and (3) measurement: after quenching and low-temperature tempering, the straightness of the cylinder part of the combustion chamber shell is maximally 1.2mm, the diameter major point 1 is phi 163.0mm, the diameter major point 2 is phi 162.8mm, the diameter major point 3 is phi 162.5mm, the diameter minimum point is phi 159.2mm, the ovality is 3.8mm, and the cylinder is marked with sections with diameters larger than phi 160.5mm and smaller than phi 159.5 mm.
Shaping: the shaping schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 6, the diameter of the clamp is 2mm larger than the average diameter of the cylinder, the clamp is placed on the shaping section, gaskets with the diameter of 1-2 mm are placed on the section of the cylinder with the diameter larger than phi 160.5mm, the thickness of the gaskets is sequentially increased according to the deformation size, the diameter maximum point phi 163.0mm is pressed to phi 158.5mm, the diameter phi 162.8mm is pressed to phi 159.0mm, and the diameter phi 162.5mm is pressed to phi 159.5mm; the diameter minimum point Φ 159.2mm was raised to Φ 161.2mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 550 ℃/120min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping in a table 5.
After the shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder is 0.9mm, and the ovality is 0.8mm, so that the design requirement of a product is met.
TABLE 5
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| |
Φ163.0 | Φ158.5 | Φ160.7 |
| Major diameter 2 | Φ162.8 | Φ159.0 | Φ160.5 |
| Major diameter 3 | Φ162.5 | Φ159.5 | Φ160.3 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ159.2 | Φ161.2 | Φ159.9 |
Comparative experiment 3:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 1900mm, the size parameters of the cylinder part are phi 160mm multiplied by 1500mm, the wall thickness is 1.6mm, the material is D6AC ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the point of maximum straightness and the diameter distribution of each section of the cylinder are measured, and the measured data are marked and recorded. The measurement results show that the straightness is 1.0mm at most, the diameter major point 1 is phi 163.5mm, the diameter major point 2 is phi 163.0mm, the diameter major point 3 is phi 162.8mm, the diameter minimum point is phi 159.0mm, and the ellipticity is 4.5mm.
Shaping: the shaping schematic diagram is shown in fig. 7, the midpoint of the shaping clamp is aligned with the maximum diameter point phi 163.5mm of the cylinder, and the maximum diameter point phi 163.5mm is pressed down to phi 158.0mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 550 ℃/120min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (4) removing the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the diameter size change before and after shaping shown in a table 6.
After shaping, the maximum straightness of the cylinder is 1.2mm, and the ovality is 2.1mm, so that the design requirement of a product is not met. The diameter of the original maximum diameter point is basically close to the average diameter of the cylinder after shaping according to the conventional shaping method; however, other large diameter points can only change along with the diameter of the clamp, so that the other large diameter points cannot achieve the reshaping effect, and the small diameter points change along with the position of the reshaped large diameter points, and have sizes after reshaping.
TABLE 6
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| |
Φ163.5 | Φ158.0 | Φ160.3 |
| Diameter major axis 2 | Φ163.0 | Φ160.0 | Φ161.0 |
| Major diameter 3 | Φ162.8 | Φ160.2 | Φ161.2 |
| Minor point of diameter | Φ159.5 | Φ159.0 | Φ159.3 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ159.0 | Φ159.3 | Φ159.1 |
4) The front and rear connecting members and the barrel are deformed simultaneously.
Example 4:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of the cylinder part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm and the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the size parameters of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece are phi 415mm multiplied by 200mm and the wall thickness is 20mm, the materials are D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the straightness of the cylinder part of the shell of the combustion chamber after quenching and low-temperature tempering is 1.2mm at most, the deformation of the section of the cylinder part close to the front and rear connecting pieces with the maximum deformation is phi 402.5mm, the minimum diameter is phi 398.0mm, the ovality is 4.5mm, and the sections with the diameters larger than phi 400.4mm and smaller than phi 399.4mm are marked on the cylinder. The maximum diameter point of the front and rear connecting pieces is phi 417.5mm, the minimum diameter point is phi 412.5mm, and the ovality is 5mm.
Shaping: the shaping schematic diagram is shown in fig. 8, firstly, the strut is used for shaping the minimum point phi 412.5mm of the front and rear connecting pieces to phi 417.5mm, and the maximum point phi 417.5mm is shaped to phi 413.5mm; the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum point of the diameter of the cylinder body close to the front and rear connecting piece ends, the maximum point phi 402.5mm is pressed down to phi 397.5mm, and the minimum point phi 398.0mm is lifted to phi 402.5mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping in a table 7.
After shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder body is 1.0mm, the ovality is 1.0mm, and the ovality of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece is 0.9mm, so that the design requirement of a product is met.
TABLE 7
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Large diameter point of front and rear connecting pieces | Φ417.5 | Φ413.5 | Φ415.3 |
| Small diameter point of front and rear connecting piece | Φ412.5 | Φ417.5 | Φ414.5 |
| Large diameter point of cylinder | Φ402.5 | Φ397.5 | Φ400.2 |
| Small diameter point of cylinder | Φ398.0 | 402.5 | Φ399.3 |
Comparative experiment 4:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 2000mm, the size parameters of the cylinder part are phi 400mm multiplied by 1600mm and the wall thickness is 2.8mm, the size parameters of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece are phi 415mm multiplied by 200mm and the wall thickness is 20mm, the materials are D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the straightness of the cylinder part of the combustion chamber shell after quenching and low-temperature tempering is 1.3mm at most, the deformation of the section of the cylinder part close to the front and rear connecting pieces with the maximum deformation is phi 402.0mm, the minimum diameter is phi 397.5mm, the ovality is 4.5mm, and the sections with the diameters larger than phi 400.4mm and smaller than phi 399.4mm are marked on the cylinder. The maximum diameter point of the front and rear connecting pieces is phi 416.5mm, the minimum diameter point is phi 413.0mm, and the ovality is 3.5mm.
Shaping: the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the minimum point of the diameter of the cylinder close to the ends of the front and rear connecting pieces, the maximum point phi 402.0mm is pressed down to phi 397.5mm, and the minimum point phi 397.5mm is lifted to phi 403.5 mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (4) removing the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the diameter size change before and after shaping shown in a table 8.
After shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder body is 1.2mm, the ovality is 2.8mm, and the ovality of the front connecting piece and the rear connecting piece is 3.5mm, so that the design requirement of a product is not met. This is because the barrel does not achieve a shaping effect near the front and rear connecting members due to the synergistic effect caused by the deformation of the front and rear connecting members.
TABLE 8
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Front and rear connecting piece diameter large point | Φ416.5 | Φ416.4 | Φ416.5 |
| Small diameter point of front and rear connecting piece | Φ413.0 | Φ413.2 | Φ413.0 |
| Large diameter of cylinder | Φ402.0 | Φ397.5 | Φ401.5 |
| Small diameter point of cylinder | Φ397.5 | 403.5 | Φ398.1 |
Example 5:
the length of a shell of a certain combustion chamber is 1900mm, the size parameters of a cylinder part are phi 160mm multiplied by 1500mm, the wall thickness is 1.6mm, the material is D6AC ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: the straightness of the cylinder part of the shell of the combustion chamber is 1.2mm at most after quenching and low-temperature tempering, the part of the cylinder part close to the front connecting piece is deformed into a cylinder with the maximum diameter point of phi 163.0mm, the minimum diameter point of phi 157.5mm and the ovality of 5.5mm, and the cylinder is marked with sections with the diameters of more than phi 160.5mm and less than phi 159.5 mm. The maximum contour line of the diameter of the front connecting piece is phi 172mm, the wall thickness is 8mm, the maximum deformation point and the minimum deformation point are 90 degrees, the maximum deformation point is 171.5mm, the minimum deformation point is 167.5mm, and the length difference is 5mm.
Shaping: the shaping schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 9, the diameter of the clamp is 2mm larger than the average diameter of the outer contour line of the front connecting piece, the gasket is symmetrically placed at the maximum point, the fixture is used for shaping the 171.5mm maximum point of the front connecting piece into 167.5mm, and the 167.5mm minimum point is shaped into 171.5mm; the opening end of the clamp is aligned to the point close to the minimum diameter of the cylinder at the front connecting piece end, the point phi 163.0mm with the maximum diameter is pressed down to the point phi 157.5mm, and the point phi 157.5mm with the minimum diameter is lifted to the point phi 163mm.
Tempering: vertically hanging the shaped combustion chamber shell into a furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 550 ℃/120min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (3) disassembling the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the changes of the diameter sizes before and after shaping in a table 9.
After the shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder is 1.0mm, and the ovality is 0.9mm, so that the design requirement of the product is met.
TABLE 9
Comparative experiment 5:
the shaping problem of the special-shaped surface of the front and rear connecting pieces of the combustion chamber shell can not be solved by adopting a tool in a control method for the shape precision of the ultrahigh-strength steel thin-wall cylinder of patent CN 102416414A.
5) The average diameter of the cylinder is more smaller than the inner diameter of the shaping clamp
Example 6:
the length of a certain combustion chamber shell is 1500mm, the size parameters of the cylinder part are phi 376mm multiplied by 1600mm, the wall thickness is 1.9mm, the material is D406A ultrahigh-strength steel, and the deformation control is as follows:
measurement: after quenching and low-temperature tempering, the straightness of the cylinder part of the shell of the combustion chamber is 1.3mm at most, the maximum diameter point of the same section of the cylinder is phi 377.3mm, the minimum diameter point of the same section of the cylinder is phi 374.2mm, the ovality of the same section of the cylinder is 3.1mm, and the section with the diameter larger than phi 376.5mm is marked on the cylinder.
Shaping: the schematic diagram of the deformation and the reshaping of the cylinder is shown in figure 10, the average diameter of the cylinder is phi 376mm, the inner diameter of the clamp is phi 400.2mm, the average diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp by 24.2mm, gaskets are symmetrically and alternately placed on the section part which is 0.5mm higher than the average diameter of the cylinder, the inner diameter of the clamp is increased to the average diameter of the cylinder phi 376mm, and the maximum diameter point phi 377.3mm is pressed down to phi 373.8mm; the diameter minimum point Φ 374.2mm was raised to Φ 378.0mm.
Tempering: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into the furnace for tempering at the tempering temperature of 300 ℃/180min, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
And (3) detection: and (4) removing the tool, detecting the straightness and the ovality after shaping, and marking and recording the diameter size change before and after shaping shown in a table 10.
After the shaping, the maximum straight line of the cylinder is 0.9mm, and the ovality is 1.0mm, so that the design requirement of a product is met.
| Shaping point | Diameter/mm before reshaping | Diameter/mm after reshaping | Diameter/mm after tempering |
| Point of maximum diameter | Φ377.3 | Φ373.8 | Φ376.3 |
| Minimum point of diameter | Φ374.1 | Φ378.0 | Φ375.8 |
Comparative experiment 6:
other outer hoop type tools, such as the tool in the patent CN 102416414A control method of shape accuracy of ultra-high strength steel thin-wall cylinder, can only shape the combustion chamber shell with the outer diameter of the cylinder body basically consistent with the inner diameter of the clamp, and cannot solve the problem that the outer diameter of the cylinder body is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp by more than a few millimeters.
Claims (5)
1. A shaping method of a slender thin-wall ultrahigh-strength steel combustion chamber shell is characterized by comprising the following steps: detecting the straightness and the diameters of all sections of the front connecting piece, the rear connecting piece and the barrel bus; the fixture and the stay bar are used as a shaping tool for the combustion chamber shell, and the fixture comprises a pair of semicircular rings and a plurality of metal gaskets with different lengths and thicknesses; the length of the stay bar is adjusted by matching bolts and nuts, and two ends of the stay bar are respectively connected with a gasket; sleeving a clamp outside the cylinder, placing a gasket between the cylinder and the clamp, sequentially pressing points which are higher than the average diameter of the cylinder around the major point of the cylinder into small points, and shaping the small points into large points; placing the stay bars at the minimum diameter positions of the front and rear connecting pieces, placing the gaskets at the minimum diameter positions of the front and rear connecting pieces, and supporting the minimum diameter points of the front and rear connecting pieces into maximum points through the stay bars; the opening end of the clamp is aligned with the minimum diameter point of the section of the cylinder body needing to be shaped, gaskets are placed on the section part which is 0.5mm higher than the average diameter, the gaskets are placed in a staggered mode, the gasket with the maximum diameter point is thickest, the points which are higher than the average diameter and are arranged around the large point of the cylinder body are sequentially pressed into small points, the small diameter points are shaped into large diameter points, the pressing amount of the large point is 2-7 mm, and the rising amount of the small diameter points is 3-8 mm; shaping the barrel from one end to the other end section by section, and the interval between each section is 100-500 mm.
2. The method for reshaping a slender, thin-walled, ultra-high strength steel combustor casing as defined in claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the clamp is larger than the average diameter of the cylinder body, and the difference value is not more than 2mm.
3. The method for shaping the elongated thin-walled ultra-high strength steel combustor casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the gasket of the clamp is divided into 0.5mm and 1mm, and the width of the gasket is the same as the width of the clamp; the thickness of the spacer of the stay bar is 10mm.
4. The method for shaping the elongated thin-walled ultra-high strength steel combustor casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and vertically hoisting the shaped combustion chamber shell into a furnace for tempering, keeping the temperature at 280-560 ℃ for 120-210 min, discharging and air cooling.
5. The method for shaping the elongated thin-walled ultra-high strength steel combustor casing of claim 4, wherein: and after shaping, detecting the straightness and roundness of the front and rear connecting pieces and the barrel, reshaping the shell which is not shaped, increasing the tempering temperature by 10 ℃ on the basis of the last tempering, and keeping the temperature for 60-90 min.
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| CN102416414B (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-07-24 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | Method for controlling accuracy of shape of ultrahigh-strength steel thin-wall cylinder |
| CN204122522U (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-01-28 | 温州市百泰不锈钢管制造有限公司 | Steel pipe straightening machine |
| CN106929658A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-07-07 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | A kind of tempering correction process of the quenched ring gear of thin-walled |
| CN107262559A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏久日数控机床有限公司 | Justify device in welded still pipe school |
| CN109772943A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-21 | 西安航天动力机械有限公司 | A kind of school shape tooling for the adjustment of high-strength steel thin-walled cylinder external form |
| CN210966468U (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-07-10 | 嘉兴港区港安工业设备安装有限公司 | Pipeline rounding tool |
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