CN112544886A - Soybean dehulling method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/31—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
- A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
- A23L11/07—Soya beans, e.g. oil-extracted soya bean flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
- A23N15/10—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs for shelling peas or beans
Abstract
The invention discloses a soybean dehulling method, belonging to the technical field of grain and oil processing. The invention obtains the bean kernels and the bean skins by sequentially carrying out four steps of direct steam treatment, cold air drying treatment, kneading, crushing and peeling treatment, winnowing and separating treatment and the like on the soybeans. The method has the peeling efficiency of more than 94 percent, the kernel content of the bean skin is less than 1 percent, the kernel content of the bean is less than 4 percent, the processing time is 15-20 minutes, and the content of the soybean crude oil non-hydrated phospholipid obtained by leaching the obtained bean kernels with the conventional solvent is 10-14 percent. Compared with the traditional soybean dehulling process, the method has the advantages of less working procedures, short time and improved product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soybean dehulling method, belonging to the technical field of soybean pretreatment.
Background
The soybean peeling technology comprises two processes of cold peeling and hot peeling. The cold peeled bean kernels have high powder degree, the bean skins and the bean kernels are not easy to be completely separated, the temperature of the crushed bean kernels is low, the bean kernels need to be heated and softened again, and the steam consumption is high; the thermal peeling is divided into a half peeling and a full peeling, wherein the half peeling generally comprises the steps of feeding cleaned soybeans into a drying and conditioning tower, staying for 30-45 minutes, repeatedly carrying out indirect steam heating and hot air drying for many times to increase the temperature of the soybeans to 60-65 ℃, controlling the moisture to be 10% -10.5%, then carrying out primary crushing and primary separation to realize soybean peeling, wherein the soybean peeling rate is 60% -70%, the full peeling generally comprises the steps of feeding the cleaned soybeans into the drying and conditioning tower, staying for 30-45 minutes, repeatedly carrying out indirect steam heating and hot air drying for many times to increase the temperature of the soybeans to 60-65 ℃, controlling the moisture to be 10% -10.5%, then carrying out secondary crushing and secondary separation to realize soybean peeling, wherein the soybean peeling rate is 90%, the kernel content in the peels is 5%, and the full peeling technology is generally adopted at present. However, because the pretreatment temperature of the soybeans is low, the soybeans are subjected to secondary crushing and separation, and the air contact time is long, so that the enzyme activity in the soybean kernels is enhanced, the decomposition and oxidation of phospholipid are promoted, the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the leached crude oil is increased and is generally between 20 and 40 percent, a large burden is brought to the subsequent refining process, and the nutritional value of the soybean oil is reduced. Therefore, it is desired to provide a soybean dehulling method which can rapidly and effectively dehulling, has a high dehulling rate and short process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention utilizes the heat and moisture of direct steam to heat the soybeans in a short time, so that the soybean hulls absorb water and expand rapidly, the soybean kernels only heat up and absorb a small amount of water because the soybean hulls block the soybean hulls, so that a gap is formed between the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels, then the soybeans after the direct steam treatment are treated by large-flow cold air, the cold air evaporates the water on the soybean hulls rapidly, so that the soybean hulls deform and fold and are separated from the soybean kernels primarily, then the soybeans are kneaded by using kneading crushing equipment, the folded soybean hulls are ground by using the kneading of a roller shaft to be separated from the soybean kernels, then the soybean petals are crushed into 3-4 petals, the soybean hulls are further crushed to be separated from the soybean petals, and finally the soybean petals are separated from the soybean petals by using skin-kernel separating equipment, and the principle that the suspension speeds of the soybean kernels and the soybean hulls are different is utilized, the soybean petals are separated from the soybean hulls by air, the invention provides a method for reducing the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in bean kernels and improving the kernel content in skins.
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a soybean dehulling method comprising the steps of:
(1) subjecting the soybeans to direct steam treatment;
(2) carrying out cold air drying treatment on the soybeans subjected to direct steam treatment;
(3) rubbing, crushing and peeling the soybeans which are dried by cold air;
(4) the soybeans which are kneaded, crushed and peeled are subjected to winnowing separation treatment to complete the peeling of the soybeans.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the direct steam treatment of soybean is performed in the following manner: introducing direct steam with the steam pressure of 200-400Kpa into the soybean milk in 3-6 minutes to directly contact the soybean milk, heating the soybean milk to above 60 ℃ to ensure that the soybean hulls absorb water and expand; the soybean hulls have large water absorption amount when contacting the soybean hulls in a short time, the soybean kernels absorb little water, the soybean hulls expand in volume after absorbing water, and the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels are easy to fall off due to the clearance generated between the expansion of the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels; preferably, the direct steam time is 3-5 minutes and the steam pressure is 200-350 kPa.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the direct steam treatment of the soybeans may be performed using a softening tower.
In one embodiment of the invention, the moisture content of the skin of the bean curd after direct steam treatment is 15-17%, the moisture content of the kernel of the bean is 10-11%, and the temperature of the bean is 65-70 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the cold-air drying treatment conditions of the soybeans are as follows: the treatment time is 4-6 minutes, the air temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the air flow is 8000-12000m3/h。
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the cold air drying treatment is performed by means of vertical air blowing, and the cold air treatment can rapidly dehydrate and dry the water-swelling bean skins to generate wrinkles and partially break the wrinkles, so as to facilitate the subsequent kneading and peeling; the cold air drying treatment can be carried out by adopting an induced draft separator; the moisture of the bean skin after cold air drying treatment is 5-7%, the moisture of the bean kernel is 9-10%, and the bean temperature is 55-60 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the kneading, crushing and peeling treatment is performed by a crushing apparatus based on a kneading and squeezing principle. After entering the equipment, the soybeans obtained in the step (2) are kneaded by two rollers rotating in opposite directions at different rotating speeds in the equipment, and then the soybeans are crushed by the other two rollers rotating in opposite directions at different rotating speeds; the step (3) uses a crushing device based on kneading and extruding to carry out soybean peeling treatment, and the principle is as follows: the crushing equipment comprises a kneading roller, a crushing roller, a gap regulator and the like, wherein the kneading roller is a smooth flat roller, and the rotating speed ratio is 1.2-1.5: 1, the crushing roller is a toothed roller, and the tooth degree of the roller is 10-14: 100, respectively; rubbing the soybean hulls by a rubbing roller to break the soybean hulls away from the soybean kernels, crushing the soybean kernels by a crushing roller to break the soybean hulls into 3-4 pieces, further crushing a small amount of uncracked soybean hulls during rubbing, wherein the peeling rate of the soybeans passing through the device reaches over 94 percent, and the soybean pieces are broken into 3-4 pieces; the equipment adopted by the invention is crushing equipment based on a kneading crushing principle, such as a PSJ1000TH305 type double-pair-roller crusher of Grosser (Beijing) engineering technology Limited company, the single-machine yield is 1000t/d, the rotating speed can be regulated in a variable frequency mode, the power is 75KW, and the no-load weight is 6 t.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (4), the winnowing separation process is performed by vertical blowing separation. The step is mainly used for separating the bean skins and the crushed beans, so that the kneaded and crushed soybeans enter a vertical air suction system, and the lighter bean skins are separated from the soybean materials. The air separation treatment of soybean can be carried out by adopting a soybean hull and kernel air separator. The air inlet flow is controlled at 6000-8000m3H is used as the reference value. And (4) separating the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels to obtain two materials of the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels, wherein the kernel content of the soybean hulls is below 1%, and the kernel content of the soybean kernels is below 4%.
The invention also provides the soybean prepared by the peeling method. Wherein, the peel content in the bean kernel is below 4%. Compared with soybean obtained by traditional soybean peeling, the soybean is subjected to only one crushing and separating process, the time for contacting the soybean kernel with air is shortened by half compared with the traditional process, the phospholipase in the soybean kernel is not activated, most of phospholipid in the soybean kernel exists in the form of hydrated phospholipid, and the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil obtained by solvent extraction of the soybean is reduced to 10% -14% compared with the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil obtained by the traditional process. (the content of the non-hydrated phospholipid is the mass fraction of the non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude oil to the total phospholipid in the crude oil).
A third object of the present invention is to provide a use of the above-mentioned soybeans for preparing bean products, extracting soybean oil, brewing soy sauce and extracting protein.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide crude soybean oil, wherein the crude soybean oil is obtained by extracting and processing the soybeans serving as raw materials by using a solvent, and the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil is 10-14%.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the soybean is heated in a short time by utilizing the heat and the moisture of direct steam, the soybean hulls are enabled to absorb water and expand rapidly, the soybean kernels are only heated and absorb a small amount of moisture because the soybean hulls block, gaps are formed between the soybean hulls and the soybean kernels, then the soybeans after the direct steam treatment are treated by utilizing large-flow cold air, the moisture on the soybean hulls is rapidly evaporated by the cold air, the soybean hulls are deformed and folded to form primary separation with the soybean kernels, then the soybeans are kneaded by utilizing kneading crushing equipment, the folded soybean hulls are ground by the kneading of a roller shaft to be separated from the soybean kernels, the soybean petals are crushed into 3-4 petals by the crushing, the soybean hulls are further crushed to be separated from the soybean petals, and finally the soybean petals are separated from the soybean petals by utilizing skin and kernel separating equipment and utilizing the principle that the suspension speeds of the soybean kernels and the soybean hulls are different by utilizing winnowing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the process is less. Compared with the 6 steps of the traditional soybean secondary crushing process (tempering, heating, crushing, separating, crushing and separating), the soybean husk and soybean kernel separation process can achieve the soybean husk removal rate effect similar to that of the traditional secondary crushing process only by 4 steps, and simultaneously, the soybean husk and soybean kernel separation process adopts a kneading and crushing method to form larger suspension speed difference, after the soybean husk and the soybean kernel are separated, the kernel content of the soybean husk is below 1%, and the kernel content of the soybean kernel is below 4%.
The peeling efficiency of the invention is more than 94%, which is obviously higher than 60-70% peeling rate of the traditional one-time peeling process.
(2) The use time is short. Compared with the traditional soybean secondary crushing process for 2-3 hours, the conditioning process which takes the longest time is 30-45 minutes, the time required by the method is only 15-20 minutes, and the processing time is obviously shortened.
(3) The product quality is improved. The traditional soybean secondary crushing process has long processing time, and the soybean kernels are exposed in the air for a long time, so that the phospholipase activity in the soybean kernels is enhanced, the decomposition and oxidation of phospholipid are promoted to form non-hydrated phospholipid, the content of the non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil extract is increased to more than 40 percent generally, and finally, the crude soybean oil is deep in refining degree and large in nutrition loss. (the value of the content of non-hydrated phospholipids is the percentage of the mass of non-hydrated phospholipids contained in the crude oil to the mass of total phospholipids in the crude oil).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
1. And (3) determining the soybean peeling rate, the soybean hull kernel content and the soybean kernel content: reference is made to the detection method in the literature (development and application of a Lewenlin, Huangfenghong, YTTP75 type rapeseed peeling and skin and kernel separation system [ J ]. agricultural engineering journal, 2007,23(3): 98-102).
And (3) determining the soybean peeling rate: taking the peeled mixed sample of 100-120g (W)General assembly) Picking the unshelled seeds and half-seeds and weighing (W)Seed of corn)，
And (3) determining the kernel content of the bean curd skin: weighing 100g (W) of the separated bean curd skin sampleLeather) Picking out the kernel and weighing (W)Nut food)，
And (3) determining the skin content of the bean kernels: weighing 100g (W) of the separated bean kernel sampleNut food) Picking the hulls and kernels, peeling the kernels to form hulls and kernels, combining the hulls and weighing (W)Leather)，
2. And (3) measuring the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil:
reference literature (Myrica rubra, Zhou Xiu Juan, jin Yan Yi, non-hydratable phospholipid and quantitative determination thereof [ J]The detection method in journal of China health inspection, 2008,18(1):71,154). Firstly, detecting the phospholipid content P of the detected oil sample according to a molybdenum blue colorimetric method of GB/T5537-1Then weighing about 100g of oil sample, heating to 80-90 ℃, slowly adding about 5ml of hot distilled water at about 90 ℃ while stirring, placing on a magnetic stirrer, keeping the temperature to 80-90 ℃, stirring at medium speed for 15 minutes, then stirring at low speed for 20 minutes, and placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85 ℃ for keeping the temperature for 8-12 hours. Centrifugally separating the upper oil sample, drying the water in an oven at 105 +/-2 ℃, and detecting the phospholipid content P of the dried oil sample according to a molybdenum blue colorimetric method of GB/T5537-2，
3. And (3) measuring the moisture content:
the method is carried out according to GB 5009.3-2016 moisture content measurement in food safety national standard.
Example 1: soybean dehulling method
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting soybean without impurities as raw material.
2. The soybean is directly steamed by a softening tower, the steam pressure of direct steam with 200Kpa is introduced, the soybean is heated to 65 ℃ within 3 minutes, and the soybean peel moisture, the kernel moisture and the temperature are respectively 15%, 10% and 65 ℃.
3. Drying semen glycines with cold air by use of air suction separator at 50 deg.C and flow rate of 12000m3Cold air/h, treatment time 6 minutes, making the skin of the bean wrinkled and partially broken. Through the treatment of the steps, the moisture of the bean skin is 5%, the moisture of the bean kernel is 9.6%, and the bean temperature is 60 ℃.
4. The soybean is kneaded, crushed and peeled by using crushing equipment based on a kneading and extruding principle: the kneading roller is a smooth roller, and the rotating speed ratio is 1.2: 1, the crushing roller is a toothed roller, and the tooth degree of the roller is 10: 100, the soybean peeling rate reaches 95 percent after the treatment of the step.
5. The soybean is separated by winnowing with a soybean husk and kernel winnowing machine, and the air inlet flow is controlled to 6000m3H is used as the reference value. The two materials of the bean curd skin and the bean kernel are obtained by the processing of the step, the kernel content of the bean curd skin is 0.7%, and the kernel content of the bean kernel skin is 3.5%.
Example 2: soybean dehulling method
The method comprises the following steps:
1: selecting soybean without impurities as raw material.
2. The soybean is directly steamed by a softening tower, the steam pressure of the direct steam is 350Kpa, the soybean is heated to 70 ℃ within 5 minutes, and the soybean peel moisture, the kernel moisture and the temperature of the soybean are 17%, 11% and 70 ℃ respectively.
3. Drying semen glycines with air suction separator at 40 deg.C and 8000m flow rate3Cold air/h, treatment time 4 minutes, making the skin of the bean wrinkled and partially broken. The water content of the bean skin, the water content of the bean kernel and the temperature of the bean are respectively 7%, 9% and 5% through the treatment of the steps5℃。
4. The soybean is kneaded, crushed and peeled by using crushing equipment based on a kneading and extruding principle: the kneading roller is a smooth roller, and the rotating speed ratio is 1.5: 1, the crushing roller is a toothed roller, and the tooth degree of the roller is 14: 100, the soybean peeling rate reaches 96 percent after the treatment of the step.
5. The soybean is separated by winnowing with a soybean husk and kernel winnowing machine, with the air inlet flow controlled at 8000m3H is used as the reference value. The two materials of the bean curd skin and the bean kernel are obtained by the processing of the step, the kernel content of the bean curd skin is 0.8 percent, and the kernel content of the bean kernel skin is 3.8 percent.
Example 3: method for preparing crude soybean oil
The method comprises the following steps:
1. the bean kernels prepared in examples 1 and 2 were subjected to a briquetting process using a briquetting apparatus: the blank pressing roller is a smooth roller, the linear speed of the roller surface is 10-11m/s, and the bean kernels are pressed into a blank sheet with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm.
2. And (3) conveying the prepared embryo pieces into a leacher through a conveyor, and extracting the embryo pieces: mixing the embryo pieces with n-hexane, wherein the mass ratio of the n-hexane to the embryo pieces is 1.5: 1, leaching for 40 minutes at the leaching temperature of 50 ℃. In the process, the grease in the embryo pieces is dissolved in the normal hexane to form mixed oil, and the solvent permeates into the embryo pieces to form wet meal. After completion of the leaching, the resulting mixed oil and wet meal are separated in the leacher.
3. Conveying the mixed oil into an evaporator for desolventizing: and removing the solvent in the mixed oil through secondary evaporation and primary steam stripping to obtain the crude soybean oil.
The content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil obtained by leaching of the soybean kernels obtained in example 1 is 13%, and the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil obtained by leaching of the soybean kernels obtained in example 2 is 11%.
Example 4: optimization of steam treatment conditions
Soybeans were dehulled according to the method of example 1 except that the steam application time was adjusted as shown in table 1, and the obtained soybeans were subjected to the performance test under the same conditions as in example 1, and the results of the test are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Example 5 optimization of steaming conditions
The steam pressure in step (1) of example 1 was adjusted as shown in Table 2, and the soybean dehulling was completed in conformity with that of example 1. The obtained soybeans were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Example 6: optimization of cold air drying treatment conditions
The cold air drying temperature in the step (2) of example 1 was adjusted as shown in table 3, and the peeling of the soybeans was completed in conformity with that of example 1. The obtained soybeans were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
Example 7: optimization of cold air drying treatment conditions
The flow rate of the cooling wind in the step (2) of example 1 was adjusted as shown in table 4, and the peeling of the soybeans was completed in conformity with that of example 1. The obtained soybeans were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
Example 8: optimization of cold air drying treatment conditions
The cold air drying time in step (2) of example 1 was adjusted as shown in table 5, and the soybean dehulling was completed in the same manner as in example 1.
The obtained soybeans were subjected to performance tests, and the test results are shown in the following table 5:
TABLE 5
Comparative example 1:
the soybean is subjected to peeling treatment by adopting the existing semi-peeling method (indirect steam heating), and the method comprises the following steps;
1. selecting soybean without impurities as raw material.
2. The soybean is subjected to indirect steam treatment by using a softening tower, steam with the steam pressure of 300Kpa is introduced, the soybean is heated within 30 minutes, and the soybean peel moisture, the kernel moisture and the bean temperature are respectively 11%, 9% and 60 ℃.
3. Drying semen glycines with air suction separator at 40 deg.C and 9000m3Cold air/h, the skin of the tofu folds and partially breaks. Through the treatment of the steps, the moisture of the bean skin is 10%, the moisture of the bean kernel is 8%, and the bean temperature is 55 ℃.
4. The soybean is kneaded, crushed and peeled by using crushing equipment based on a kneading and extruding principle: the kneading roller is a smooth roller, and the rotating speed ratio is 1.2: 1, the crushing roller is a toothed roller, and the tooth degree of the roller is 10: 100, the soybean peeling rate reaches 90 percent after the treatment of the step.
5. The soybean is separated by winnowing with a soybean husk and kernel winnowing machine, and the air inlet flow is controlled to 6000m3H is used as the reference value. The two materials of the bean curd skin and the bean kernel are obtained by the processing of the step, the kernel content of the bean curd skin is 7 percent, and the kernel content of the bean kernel skin is 6 percent.
6. And (3) carrying out leaching treatment on the soybean kernels obtained in the step (5) according to the treatment method of the example 3, wherein the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the obtained crude oil is 21%.
Comparative example 2:
the soybean is peeled by adopting the existing full peeling method (repeated indirect steam heating and hot air drying), and the method comprises the following steps;
1. selecting soybean without impurities as raw material.
2. The soybean is subjected to conditioning treatment, the soybean is kept for 30 minutes in a drying conditioning tower, and the soybean is subjected to indirect steam heating and hot air drying for 4 times, wherein the hot air temperature is 70 ℃, and the soybean is treated by the step, the temperature of the soybean is 60 ℃, the moisture content of the soybean skin is 11%, and the moisture content of the soybean kernel is 9%.
3. The soybean is kneaded, crushed and peeled by using crushing equipment based on a kneading and extruding principle: the kneading roller is a smooth roller, and the rotating speed ratio is 1.2: 1, the crushing roller is a toothed roller, and the tooth degree of the roller is 10: 100, the soybean peeling rate reaches 65 percent after the treatment of the step.
4. The soybean is separated by winnowing with a soybean husk and kernel winnowing machine, and the air inlet flow is controlled to 6000m3H is used as the reference value. The two materials of the bean curd skin and the bean kernel are obtained by the processing of the step, the kernel content of the bean curd skin is 7.6 percent, and the kernel content of the bean kernel skin is 5.7 percent.
5. And (3) carrying out leaching treatment on the bean kernels obtained in the step (4) according to the treatment method of the example 3, wherein the content of non-hydrated phospholipid in the obtained crude oil is 41%.
TABLE 6
Through the research of different examples and comparative examples, the soybean peeling rate of each of examples 1 and 2 is more than 90%, and the soybean peeling rate of comparative example 1 is 90%, but the soybean hull kernel content, the soybean kernel skin content and the non-hydrated phospholipid content of comparative example 1 are obviously higher than those of examples 1 and 2. Although the soybean is peeled according to the parameters of the comparative example 1, the peeling rate is higher, the soybean kernel contains more impurities, the soybean oil prepared by processing the soybean kernel has high content of non-hydrated phospholipid, the loss in the subsequent soybean oil refining process is larger, and the consumption cost is greatly improved compared with the examples 1 and 2.
The peeling rate of the comparative example 2 is only 65%, other three indexes are obviously increased, particularly the content of the non-hydrated phospholipid is 3-4 times that of the example, the soybean kernel produced by the comparative example has high impurity content, is unfavorable for subsequent processing and utilization, and has low soybean oil refining yield, high refining consumption and high cost.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of dehulling soybeans, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) subjecting the soybeans to direct steam treatment;
(2) carrying out cold air drying treatment on the soybeans subjected to direct steam treatment;
(3) rubbing, crushing and peeling the soybeans which are dried by cold air;
(4) the soybeans which are kneaded, crushed and peeled are subjected to winnowing separation treatment to complete the peeling of the soybeans.
2. The soybean dehulling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step (1), said direct soybean steam treatment is performed in the following manner: direct steam was conducted at a steam pressure of 200 and 400kPa over a period of 3-6 minutes.
3. The soybean dehulling method as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), said cold-air drying treatment of soybean is carried out under the following conditions: the air temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the air flow is 8000-12000m3And h, drying for 4-6 minutes by cold air.
4. The soybean dehulling method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (3), said kneading, crushing and dehulling treatment of soybean is carried out by a crushing apparatus based on a kneading and pressing principle.
5. The soybean dehulling method as set forth in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (4), said air separation treatment is performed by vertical air separation, and the air supply flow rate is controlled to 6000-8000m3/h。
6. Soybeans produced by the dehulling method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The soybean according to claim 6, wherein the soybean has a soybean mesoderm content of 4% or less.
8. Use of the soybeans as defined in claim 6 for preparing bean products, extracting soybean oil, brewing soy sauce and extracting protein.
9. A crude soybean oil obtained by extracting the soybean of claim 6 with a solvent.
10. The crude soybean oil according to claim 9, wherein the content of the non-hydrated phospholipid in the crude soybean oil is 10 to 14%.
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| CN202011407090.8A Pending CN112544886A (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Soybean dehulling method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113663758A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-19 | 哈尔滨商业大学 | Soybean dehulling device and method before grinding soybean milk |
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