RU2602191C1 - Method of separating shell from soya seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fat and oil industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to oil and fat and processing industry, in particular, to methods for production of products from soya seeds, and can be used for separation of shell from soya seeds before processing for production of soya bean products. Method includes purification from impurities of supplied to the production of soya seeds, extraction of oil impurities, removal of impurities out of production which are defective for further processing, soya seeds crushing and separation of tail aspirations, separation of crushed soya by aspiration on shells with fine core and large core, sending of large core to pressing, separation by aspiration of shell from fine core, sending of fine core on pressing together with large core, mixing of soya bean shells with admixture of olives and aspiration tails, compressing of the obtained mixture.

EFFECT: application of invention allows to reduce content of shell in the soya core, reduce acid number in soy oil of a core, reduce production raw material losses, electrical power costs and time of production process and also receive oil and soya cake out of oil impurities, aspiration tails and soya shell.

1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil and fat processing industry, in particular to methods for producing products from soybean seeds, and can be used to separate the shell from soybean seeds before processing to obtain soy products.

A known method of producing a product from soybean seeds (Patent No. 2162289 RU), in which the separation of the shell from soybean seeds includes: purification from impurities, followed by removal of impurities (large, small, mineral and aspiration) from production; moisturizing soybean seeds; exposure of moistened soybean seeds to swell the shell; heating moistened soybean seeds at a temperature of not less than 35 ° C and not more than 62 ° C, while the length of time for heating soybean seeds is determined upon reaching the moment when the seed moisture exceeds the moisture content of the shell by at least 5%; crushing heated soybean seeds by splitting on two pairs of rollers, sieving the crushed soybean seeds to obtain three fractions: a large shell, a grain (large crushed kernel) and seed (small kernel with a shell). A large shell goes for re-crushing or is taken out of production, a large crushed core is immediately sent for processing, and a small core with a shell is sent to two successive pneumatic separation, where the shell is separated and taken out of production, and a small core is sent to mixing with a large core and further processing with the production of soybean oil and oilcake, or full-fat soy flour, or full-fat soybean grits, or low-fat soybean grits.

This method has significant disadvantages:

- incomplete separation of the shell from a large crushed core during sieving of crushed soybean seeds;

- an increase in the acid number of oil in soybean seeds when they are moistened, aged and heated;

- high production losses;

- high energy costs;

- long process time.

The objective of the invention is to provide an effective, energy-saving, with a low duration of the method of separating the shell from soybean seeds with minimal production losses.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the degree of separation of the soybean shell from a large crushed kernel, reducing the acid number of soybean oil from the kernel, reducing energy consumption, reducing production losses and the duration of the process, obtaining additional products - soybean oil and feed cake when pressing oil impurities, soybean shells and aspiration rel.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method of separating the shell from soybean seeds, which includes: cleaning impurities coming into the production of soybean seeds, removing impurities unsuitable for further processing from the production, crushing soybean seeds, pneumatic separation of the shell with a shallow core, while soybean seeds after purification from impurities are immediately sent to crushing by the impact method, crushed soybean seeds are subjected to pneumatic separation. Small impurities are sent to the separation of oil impurities, and the selected oil impurity, soy shell and aspiration are mixed are sent to pressing.

In the known method, the process of moisture and heat treatment (moistening, aging and heating of seeds) is aimed at reducing the mechanical bond between the shell of soybean seeds and the endosperm, which allows crushing to use the method of cracking the seeds using rollers on roller mills and almost 100% to separate the shell from the endosperm, reducing the formation of flour dust (suction) and thereby losses in production. At the same time, the temperature regimes of the thermal and thermal treatment of the known method cannot lead to a significant inactivation of anti-nutrients in soy beans (urease, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, etc.). Their inactivation is achieved by processing the soybean core at substantially high temperatures and pressures.

Our studies have shown that it is possible to almost 100% separate the shell from the endosperm, almost completely eliminate losses in production without the use of heat and moisture treatment. For this, it is necessary to crush soybean seeds using hammers (plates) on crushers (impact method) with aspiration, and the resulting aspiration rats should not be removed from production, but sent for separate pressing together with other production wastes (oil impurities and shells). Moreover, pressing only by aspiration is not possible; a mixture with an oil impurity and a coating is necessary.

In addition, the exclusion of thermal treatment reduces the acid number of soybean oil obtained from the kernel. The increase in the acid number of soybean oil during slow moistening and heating of soybeans to the temperatures used by the prototype method is explained by the action of the lipase enzyme. It is known that the inactivation of seed enzymes, including lipase, occurs when the pre-ground oilseeds are rapidly heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C (Industry technology (Production of vegetable oils): textbook / L.A. Mkhitaryants, E.P. Kornena, E.V. Martovshchuk, S.K. Mustafayev, Under the general editorship of E.P. Kornenoy - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 2009, - 352 p.), Whereas in the known method the maximum temperature is 62 ° C. Moisturizing and aging moistened seeds according to the modes of the known method increase the activity of lipase and contribute to the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols and an increase in the acid number of oil in the seeds.

Calculations and production tests convincingly show that the exclusion of moisture-heat treatment of soybean seeds significantly reduces energy consumption and the duration of the process of separating the shell from the kernel.

The use of pneumatic separation of crushed soybean seeds instead of sifting crushed soybean seeds can increase the degree of separation of the soybean shell from a large kernel. This occurs due to the fact that during the sieving of the crushed soybean seeds, the shell particles that are isometric with the crushed core, but having a lower specific gravity, can get into the large core, and when the crushed soybean is separated by pneumatic separation, the penetration of the equal-sized shell particles into the core particles is excluded, since the separation occurs in specific gravity.

The shell with a small core separated from the large core during the first pneumo-separation can also be divided by pneumo-separation into a shell and a small core, but with different air flow regimes.

Isolation of oil impurities, followed by pressing them together with the soy shell and aspiration, can significantly reduce production losses and get additional products when pressing a mixture of oil impurities, shell and aspiration, soybean oil and feed cake.

The inventive method is as follows: soybean seeds are cleaned from impurities, from which the purified soybean seeds are crushed by suction, the large impurities are removed from production, and small impurities are sent to the separation of oilseed impurities, after which the oilseed admixture is mixed with soybean shell and aspiration and further to pressing, where soybean oil and feed cake are obtained from it. Unwanted waste (mineral and organic impurities, vegetative parts of plants, etc.) remaining after the separation of oil impurities are removed from production. The peeled soybean seeds are crushed by the impact and aspiration method, from where the suction pumps are mixed with the soybean shell and aspirated, and then pressed, and the crushed soybean seeds are pneumatically separated, where the shell with a small core and a large core are separated. The large core goes to pressing, where soybean oil and food cake are obtained, and the shell with a small core is sent to pneumatic separation, from where the selected shell is mixed with oil impurities and aspiration, and then to pressing, and the small core together with the large core goes to pressing (Fig. 1).

The inventive method is illustrated by the following example: a homogeneous batch of soybean seeds was divided into two equal parts. The first part was processed by a known method (patent No. 2162289 RU), and the second part - by the proposed method.

In the first case, soybean seeds were cleaned of impurities, followed by removal of impurities from production, then soybean was moistened by 2-3% and kept for 5 hours. After the moistened soybean was aged, the moistened soybean was heated at a temperature of 47 ° C, after which the soybean was crushed into two pairs of rollers (using the splitting method), then the soybean was sieved to obtain two fractions: a large crushed core and a small core with a shell. A large crushed core was sent to pressing, and a small core with a shell was sent to two successive pneumatic separation, where the shell was separated and taken out of production, and a small core was sent to pressing, where soybean oil and cake were obtained.

In the second case, soybean seeds were cleaned of impurities, from where the purified soybean seeds were crushed with aspiration, large impurities were taken out of production, and small impurities were sent to extract oilseed impurities, after which the oilseed admixture was mixed with aspiration and soybean shell and further to pressing, where soybean oil and feed cake were obtained from it. Unwanted waste (mineral and organic impurities, vegetative parts of plants, etc.) remaining after the separation of oil impurities were removed from production. The peeled soybean seeds were sent to crushing by impact on a crusher with aspiration, from where the suction pumps were mixed with a shell and an oil impurity and then pressed, and the crushed soybean seeds were pneumatically separated, where they were divided into a shell with a small core and a large core. The large core went to pressing, and the shell with a small core was sent to pneumatic separation, where it was divided into a shell and a small core. The casing was pressed together with an oil impurity and aspiration, and the small core was pressed together with a large core.

During processing, the main production indicators were determined, which are presented in the table.

From the above data, it follows that the claimed method allows to reduce the shell content in the kernel of soybean seeds, to reduce the acid number in soybean oil from the kernel of soybean seeds, to reduce production losses of raw materials, energy costs and time of the production process and to obtain additional soybean oil and feed cake from the waste .

Claims (1)

The method of separating the shell from soybean seeds, characterized by purification from impurities entering the production of soybean seeds, separation of oil impurities from fine impurities, removing impurities unsuitable for further processing from the production, crushing soya beans by the method of blowing with aspiration, separation of aspiration, separation of crushed soybean seeds pneumo-separation to a shell with a small core and a large core, directing a large core to pressing, separating the shell from a small core by pneumatic separation, finely pressing the core together with a large core, mixing the soy shell with an oil impurity and aspiration, pressing the resulting mixture.

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