CN112544246B

CN112544246B - Automatic fresh corn processing production line

Info

Publication number: CN112544246B
Application number: CN202011422323.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 常宏杰; 牛虎利; 闫海鹏; 郭明昊
Original assignee: Hebei University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Hebei University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-12-08
Filing date: 2020-12-08
Publication date: 2022-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-08
Also published as: CN112544246A

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic fresh corn processing production line, which belongs to the technical field of fresh corn processing and comprises a feeding mechanism, a grabbing mechanism, a head-tail cutting mechanism, a peeling mechanism and a conveying mechanism which are sequentially arranged; the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting support, and a cutting conveying assembly, a cutting assembly, a pressing assembly and a positioning assembly which are arranged on the cutting support; a plurality of positioning grooves are arranged on the cutting and conveying assembly; the two sides of the cutting and conveying assembly are respectively provided with a cutting assembly, and the two groups of cutting assemblies are arranged in a staggered manner; the positioning assembly comprises a linear actuator and an elastic positioner which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the cutting and conveying assembly, and the positioning assembly is positioned between the two cutting assemblies; the pressing assembly is positioned above the cutting conveying assembly. The automatic processing production line for the fresh corn provided by the invention can complete automatic feeding and conveying of the fresh corn, cut the head and the tail at a fixed length and strip the bracts, reduce the breakage rate of the corn, improve the fresh-keeping degree of the fresh corn and increase the production profit of the fresh corn in unit area.

Description

Automatic fresh corn processing production line

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fresh corn processing, and particularly relates to an automatic fresh corn processing production line.

Background

The production of fresh corn is seasonal, but with the four-season demand and taste pursuit of people on fresh corn, people pay more and more attention to the freshness, taste and sanitary quality of fresh corn. The traditional storage mode of peeling off all bracts of fresh corn cannot meet the requirements of preservation and sanitation, and multiple layers of bracts need to be reserved to preserve the fresh corn.

At present, the corn processing production line can realize automatic feeding, peeling, head and tail cutting, corn storage and the like, and realize automatic peeling of corn. However, for fresh corn with increasing demand, the current fresh corn has a large head-tail cutting error, and is easy to cut more or less, and the more or less cutting has certain defects, which are as follows:

(1) the corn kernels are easily damaged by multiple cutting, waste is caused, and after the multiple cutting, the bracts positioned on the inner layer are not connected with the corn any more, in a later peeling process, the bracts wrapped outside the fresh corn can be completely peeled off, the corn kernels are not wrapped by the bracts and are completely exposed outside, the corn kernels inside are not wrapped by wet fresh leaves, the moisture of the fresh corn is difficult to keep, the fresh corn is difficult to keep fresh, and the taste of the fresh corn is influenced;

(2) the cutting is not in place due to the small cutting, the multiple layers of bracts are connected with the fresh corn, the subsequent bracts are not easy to remove, and the bracts outside the fresh corn are more reserved, so that the peeling effect is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic processing production line for fresh corns, and aims to solve the problems that the fresh corns are not cut in place, so that the peeling effect of the subsequent fresh corns is poor, and the preservation effect of the fresh corns is influenced.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a bright maize automatic processing production line includes: the device comprises a feeding mechanism, a grabbing mechanism, a head-tail cutting mechanism, a peeling mechanism and a conveying mechanism which are arranged in sequence; the head and tail cutting mechanism comprises a cutting support, and a cutting conveying assembly, a cutting assembly, a pressing assembly and a positioning assembly which are arranged on the cutting support; a plurality of positioning grooves are arranged on the cutting and conveying assembly; the two sides of the cutting conveying assembly are respectively provided with the cutting assemblies, and the two groups of cutting assemblies are arranged in a staggered mode; the positioning assembly comprises a linear actuator and an elastic positioner which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the cutting conveying assembly, and the positioning assembly is positioned between the two cutting assemblies; the pressing component is positioned above the cutting and conveying component and is used for pressing the fresh corns on the cutting and conveying component; the fresh corn is fed to a grabbing station by the feeding mechanism, the fresh corn is sequentially placed on each positioning groove in the same end orientation sequence by the grabbing mechanism, is conveyed to a first cutting assembly by the cutting and conveying assembly, cuts off the head end or the tail end of the fresh corn and then is conveyed to the positioning assembly, the fresh corn is pushed to the elastic positioner along the positioning groove by the linear actuator from one end of the fresh corn which is cut off for the first time until the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn abuts against the elastic positioning baffle and extends out of the positioning groove to a preset length, the fresh corn is continuously conveyed forwards to a second cutting assembly, the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn is cut off, enters the peeling mechanism to peel off the fresh corn, and finally is conveyed away by the conveying mechanism; the positioning assembly restores the original position to position the next fresh corn; the fresh corn is placed through the position of the grabbing mechanism and is cut off through positioning of the head and tail cutting-off mechanism, fixed-length cutting-off of the fresh corn is achieved, and the purpose that the bracts meeting the preset requirements are reserved after passing through the peeling mechanism is achieved.

As another embodiment of the present application, the elastic positioner includes a fixing plate mounted to the cutting bracket, a positioning plate hinged to the fixing plate, a first elastic member connected between the fixing plate and the positioning plate, and a proximity sensor mounted to the fixing plate; the locating plate forms an acute angle with the fixed plate by means of the elastic piece, the linear actuator pushes fresh corns to move towards the locating plate until the fresh corns are in contact with the locating plate, the locating plate is continuously extruded under the pushing of the linear actuator, the locating plate overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic piece to rotate towards the fixed plate, the proximity sensor senses that the fresh corns push out the length of the locating groove to the preset length, the linear actuator is recovered, the fresh corns are conveyed to a next cutting station, and the locating plate resets under the action of the first elastic piece.

As another embodiment of this application, compress tightly the subassembly and include clamp plate and second elastic component, the clamp plate sets up along the direction of delivery of bright maize, the second elastic component is connected the clamp plate with cut off between the support, make clamp plate elasticity compresses tightly on bright maize.

As another embodiment of the present application, the severing assembly includes a severing motor and a severing blade mounted to a spindle of the severing motor.

As another embodiment of the application, one side of the head-tail cutting mechanism is provided with a waste collecting box for collecting cut tails or head materials.

As another embodiment of the present application, the height of the peeling mechanism in the vertical direction is lower than the height of the cutting conveying assembly of the cutting mechanism; the peeling mechanism comprises a peeling bracket, a peeling roller assembly rotatably mounted on the peeling bracket and a peeling driving assembly driving the peeling roller assembly to rotate; the peeling roller assembly comprises two spiral rollers positioned in the middle and toothed rollers positioned on two sides of the spiral rollers, the peeling driving assembly drives the two spiral rollers to rotate reversely, and the spiral rollers drive the toothed rollers to rotate reversely; the axes of the spiral roller and the toothed roller are consistent with the conveying direction of the fresh corn.

As another embodiment of the application, the peripheries of the spiral roller and the toothed roller are both coated with rubber layers, and spiral protrusions or teeth are correspondingly arranged on the rubber layers.

As another embodiment of this application, be equipped with the anti-falling baffle on the support of skinning, the anti-falling baffle symmetry set up in the both sides of skinning roller subassembly.

As another embodiment of the present application, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding bin, a feeding sliding assembly mounted on an inner wall of the feeding bin, and a feeding conveying assembly disposed on the feeding bin, wherein the feeding conveying assembly is located above the feeding bin and on one side where the feeding sliding assembly is disposed; the feeding sliding assembly comprises a feeding linear sliding rail arranged on the inner wall of the feeding bin, a sliding block in sliding fit with the feeding linear sliding rail and an inserting plate fixedly connected with the sliding block; the bottom surface of going up the feed bin is the inclined plane, the picture peg is located one side of going up the feed bin extreme low position, the picture peg is followed material loading linear slide rail reciprocating motion from top to bottom will drop the bright maize of picture peg upper end promotes material loading conveying subassembly's height, bright maize can roll with the help of inertia and fall on the material loading conveying subassembly, the warp the material loading conveying subassembly conveys and snatchs the station.

As another embodiment of this application, snatch the mechanism including snatch the support, install in snatch the translation linear slide rail of support, with translation linear slide rail sliding connection's many degree of freedom manipulator and install in snatch the identification sensor of support, to discerning the bright maize that is not conform to preset total length requirement and discern to take away through the multi degree of freedom manipulator, accord with the bright maize head and the tail unanimous placing of preset total length requirement to the discernment on the constant head tank.

The automatic fresh corn processing production line provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the position of bright maize through snatching the mechanism is placed and the location of end to end shutdown mechanism cuts off, realizes that the fixed length of bright maize cuts off, reaches to reserve the bract of predetermineeing the requirement behind peeling mechanism, realizes the fresh-keeping of moisturizing of bright maize, can store the maize for a long time and do not influence the taste of bright maize, has improved the fresh-keeping degree of maize, has increased the profit of unit area's maize output.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an automatic fresh corn processing production line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a fresh corn automatic processing production line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic top view of an automatic fresh corn processing line according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a first schematic perspective view of a cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a second cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a first schematic perspective view of a peeling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a peeling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a first schematic perspective view of a feeding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a feeding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a feeding sliding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a first schematic perspective view of a feeding transmission assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a feeding transmission assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a gripping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a conveying mechanism; 2. a peeling mechanism; 21. an anti-falling baffle plate; 22. a toothed roll; 23. a helical roll; 24. a peeling drive assembly; 25. peeling the bracket; 3. a head-tail cutting mechanism; 31. cutting off the assembly; 32. a linear actuator; 33. a second elastic member; 34. pressing a plate; 35. cutting off the bracket; 36. positioning a plate; 37. a proximity sensor; 38. a fixing plate; 39. cutting off the conveying assembly; 311. positioning a groove; 4. a grabbing mechanism; 41. translating the linear slide rail; 42. a multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator; 43. identifying a sensor; 5. a feeding mechanism; 51. feeding a bin; 52. inserting plates; 53. a feeding conveyor belt; 54. feeding linear sliding rails; 55. a splint; 56. a corn baffle; 6. a waste collection box.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the automatic fresh corn processing line of the present invention will now be described. The automatic fresh corn processing production line comprises a feeding mechanism 5, a grabbing mechanism 4, a head-tail cutting mechanism 3, a peeling mechanism 2 and a conveying mechanism 1 which are arranged in sequence; the head and tail cutting mechanism 3 comprises a cutting bracket 35, and a cutting conveying assembly 39, a cutting assembly 31, a pressing assembly and a positioning assembly which are arranged on the cutting bracket 35; a plurality of positioning grooves 311 are arranged on the cutting and conveying assembly 39; the cutting components 31 are respectively arranged on two sides of the cutting and conveying component 39, and the two groups of cutting components 31 are arranged in a staggered mode; the positioning assembly comprises a linear actuator 32 and an elastic positioner which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the cutting conveying assembly 39, and the positioning assembly is positioned between the two cutting assemblies 31; the pressing assembly is positioned above the cutting and conveying assembly 39 and is used for pressing the fresh corns on the cutting and conveying assembly 39.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the fresh corn is fed to the grabbing station by the feeding mechanism 5, the fresh corn is sequentially placed on the positioning grooves 311 in the same end orientation sequence by the grabbing mechanism 4, and is conveyed to the first cutting assembly 31 by the cutting and conveying assembly 39, the head end or the tail end of the fresh corn is cut off and is conveyed to the positioning assembly, the fresh corn is pushed to the elastic positioner along the positioning grooves 311 from the end of the fresh corn which is cut off for the first time by the linear actuator 32 until the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn abuts against the elastic positioning baffle and extends out of the positioning grooves 311 to a preset length, the fresh corn is continuously conveyed forward to the second cutting assembly 31, the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn is cut off, enters the peeling mechanism 2 to peel off the fresh corn, and is finally conveyed away by the conveying mechanism 1; the positioning component restores the original position to position the next fresh corn; wherein, the position of fresh corn through snatching mechanism 4 is placed and end to end cutting mechanism 3's location cuts off, realizes the fixed length of fresh corn and cuts off, reaches to reserve the bract of predetermineeing the requirement behind peeling mechanism 2.

In this embodiment, the small end of the fresh corn is defined as the tail end, the large end is defined as the head end, the root and stem are left at the head end of the fresh corn, and the bracts grow on the root and stem in layers. According to the growth characteristics of the bracts wrapped by the fresh corns, the number of the bracts left on the fresh corns is controlled by controlling the cutting length of the head end, and the fresh-keeping effect of the fresh corns is achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the automatic processing production line for the fresh corn provided by the invention has the advantages that the fresh corn is placed in the positioning groove 311 by utilizing the layer of the growth of the bracts on the roots and stems through the grabbing mechanism 4, the head end of the fresh corn exceeds the length of the positioning groove 311 to be the preset cutting length, the head end of the fresh corn is pressed through the pressing component, the head end of the fresh corn is cut through the first cutting component 31, after the head end of the fresh corn is cut, two or three layers of connected bracts are reserved on the roots and stems of the fresh corn, the rest of the bracts on the outer layer are in a disconnection relation with the roots and stems to provide conditions for the subsequent peeling, the tail end of the fresh corn is cut after the length of the fresh corn is positioned through the linear actuator 32 and the elastic positioner, the reserved bracts of the fresh corn meet the preset requirements, the length of the fresh corn is tidy and uniform, the fresh corn meets the fresh keeping effect in the long-term storage process and meets the taste of people, and the appearance quality is neat and uniform, the quality of the fresh corn is improved, and higher profit is obtained.

According to the automatic processing production line for the fresh corns, the fresh corns can be automatically fed and conveyed, cut off at a fixed length from the head to the tail and stripped off the bracts through the feeding mechanism 5, the grabbing mechanism 4, the head and the tail cutting mechanism 3, the peeling mechanism 2 and the conveying mechanism 1 which are sequentially arranged, the corn processing efficiency is improved, and the breakage rate of the corns is reduced; fresh corn is placed and end-to-end shutdown mechanism 3's location is cut off through the position that snatchs mechanism 4, realizes the fixed length of fresh corn and cuts off, reaches to reserve the bract of presetting the requirement after peeling mechanism 2, realizes the fresh-keeping of moisturizing of fresh corn, can store the corn for a long time and do not influence the taste of fresh corn, has improved the fresh-keeping degree of corn, has increased the profit of unit area's maize output.

The fixed-length cutting of fresh corn both ends has important meaning to the appearance quality of the effect of guaranteeing the skin of follow-up and product. How to ensure the cutting precision needs to measure the accurate size by the identification sensor 43 when cutting the head end and the tail end, and the head end is accurately cut. The recognition sensor 43 is connected with the production line control system, and the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator 42 receives a signal of the control system, and places the fresh corn into the positioning groove 311 according to the cutting length reserved at the head end. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 13, the recognition sensor 43 is installed on the grabbing bracket, and the recognition sensor 43 can be replaced by a camera, a video camera, etc. to scan the fresh corn, recognize and judge the length, the head and tail end, and the reserved cutting length of the fresh corn.

In the embodiment, the cutting and conveying assembly 39 is chain transmission, and the final conveying mechanism 1 is conveying by a conveyor belt or roller; the feeding conveying assembly is used for conveying by a conveying belt.

As a specific embodiment of the automatic fresh corn processing line provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 4 to 5, the elastic positioner includes a fixing plate 38 mounted on the cutting bracket 35, a positioning plate 36 hinged to the fixing plate 38, a first elastic member connected between the fixing plate 38 and the positioning plate 36, and a proximity sensor 37 mounted on the fixing plate 38; the positioning plate 36 forms an acute angle with the fixing plate 38 by virtue of the elastic member, the linear actuator 32 pushes the fresh corn to move towards the positioning plate 36 until the fresh corn contacts the positioning plate 36, the positioning plate 36 is pushed by the linear actuator 32 to continuously extrude the positioning plate 36, the positioning plate 36 overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic member to rotate towards the fixing plate 38, the proximity sensor 37 senses that the fresh corn pushes out the length of the positioning groove 311 to a preset length, the linear actuator 32 is recovered, the fresh corn is conveyed to a next cutting station, and the positioning plate 36 is reset under the action of the first elastic member. The linear actuator 32 may be an electric push rod, a pneumatic push rod, an electric element capable of realizing a linear pushing force, a hydraulic cylinder, a screw lifting device, or the like.

As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4 to 5, the pressing assembly includes a pressing plate 34 and a second elastic member 33, the pressing plate 34 is disposed along the conveying direction of the fresh corn, and the second elastic member 33 is connected between the pressing plate 34 and the cutting bracket 35, so that the pressing plate 34 is elastically pressed on the fresh corn. Compress tightly bright maize through the 34 elasticity of clamp plate, carry out the injecing of position to bright maize, improve the reliability of cutting off.

In the above embodiments, each of the elastic members is a spring.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, as a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cutting assembly 31 includes a cutting motor and a cutting blade mounted on a spindle of the cutting motor. The cutting blade is disc-shaped, the head end and the tail end of the corn are cut by the cutting blade, the head end of the corn is cut firstly, the cutting accuracy of the head end (or the big end) is high, the overall dimension of the corn is measured by a displacement sensor before the head end is cut, the tail end is cut by a linear actuator 32 which is pushed to a contact positioning plate 36, the cutting length of the tail end is determined by a proximity sensor 37, the tail end of the corn is cut by the second cutting blade, the cutting error is less than or equal to 5mm, and the quality of a product is ensured.

The cutter cuts the fresh corn, the fresh corn is positioned by the V-shaped positioning groove 311 and enters the cutting and conveying assembly 39, the pressing plate 34 slightly presses the fresh corn under the action of the second elastic part 33, the cutting motor drives the hard alloy circular saw blade (cutting blade) to cut the head end, then the linear actuator 32 pushes the corn to finish positioning, and the tail end of the fresh corn is cut by the same method.

Fixed-length cutting analysis of fresh corn:

firstly, precisely cutting the head end of the corn, wherein 2-3 layers of bracts are reserved in the design, so that the precision is high, the head end of the corn is placed at a designated position by using a multi-freedom-degree manipulator 42 before cutting, a part to be cut is reserved, and fixed-length cutting is carried out, and the error is less than 5 mm; then the corn reaches the tail end positioning position, the pneumatic push rod is in contact with one cut-off end and pushes the corn to the positioning plate 36 and overcomes the elastic force of the spring, the proximity sensor 37 sends out a signal, and the air cylinder piston stops pushing and returns; and then the tail end is cut off, and the tail end is cut by a cutting blade according to the well positioned distance to finish the fixed-length cutting of the tail end.

As an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, a waste collecting box 6 for collecting the cut tailing or leading material is disposed at one side of the head and tail cutting mechanism 3. The cut scrap heads roll directly down into the scrap collecting box 6, where the scrap collecting boxes 6 are provided on both sides of the cut-off conveyor assembly 39, respectively.

As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 6 to 7, the height of the peeling mechanism 2 in the vertical direction is lower than the height of the cutting conveying assembly 39 of the cutting mechanism; the peeling mechanism 2 comprises a peeling bracket 25, a peeling roller assembly rotatably mounted on the peeling bracket 25 and a peeling driving assembly 24 for driving the peeling roller assembly to rotate; the peeling roller assembly comprises two spiral rollers 23 positioned in the middle and toothed rollers 22 positioned on two sides of the spiral rollers 23, the peeling driving assembly 24 drives the two spiral rollers 23 to rotate reversely, and the spiral rollers 23 drive the toothed rollers 22 to rotate reversely; the axes of the spiral roller 23 and the toothed roller 22 are consistent with the conveying direction of the fresh corn.

According to the automatic processing production line for the fresh corn, the reserved bracts after peeling are set to be 2-3 layers through research, the optimal preservation effect can be achieved, and therefore, how to peel the corn and reserve 2-3 layers of bracts to ensure the freshness needs to control the material of a peeling roller and the rotating speed uniformly.

In order to increase the productivity of the process, the number of sets of peeling rollers must be increased, and if the number of sets of peeling rollers is continuously increased, the reliability factor of the apparatus will be lowered and the peeling rate will be affected.

To achieve higher peeling speeds, the surface of the peeling roller set must have a firm grip and a large coefficient of friction, so that the rate of peeling increases, but the rate of grain damage by the peeling roller set also increases accordingly.

When the rotating speed range is fixed, the relation between the rotating speed and the productivity is in direct proportion, and the ideal peeling quality is ensured to be obtained in the rotating speed range. For the data obtained by the experiment, the rotating speed of the peeling roller group is 500r/min as the optimal rotating speed. Due to the influence of the processing precision and the assembling precision, the rotating speed of the peeling roller group is too high, and the integral vibration is more severe. If the rotating speed of the peeling roller group can reach 700r/min and the peeling roller group runs stably, the manufacturing precision and the assembling precision of the bearing system, the transmission system and other machining parts must be improved. Resulting in a significant increase in the cost of manufacturing the device. If the speed of the peeling roller set is too low, the production efficiency is reduced and the peeling quality is not optimal. Therefore, other factors must be considered in determining the speed of rotation of the peel roller set. In addition, the corn bracts at different periods are different in binding degree, peeling rate and the binding degree of the fresh corn bracts of different varieties are different, so that the peeling rate and the breakage rate are different.

The influence results of different factors of the peeling roller group on peeling quality are shown in table 1, and the rubber roller in table 1 is the spiral roller 23 or the tooth-shaped roller 22.

TABLE 1 influence of different factors of the rotating rollers on the peeling quality

The results show that the roll length is related to the flaking rate. The longer the rubber roller, the higher the peeling rate, but the damage rate also increased. Test data show that 90% of fresh corn bracts are peeled off within 1 meter of the rubber roller, so the length of the rubber roller is not too long, the diameter of the rubber roller is not required to enable the minimum diameter of the ear part to be extruded and grabbed, and the rubber roller is optimal when the diameter of the rubber roller is larger than a proper value of the diameter of the material.

The peeling roller group is made of high styrene rubber materials, a part of bracts of the cut corns are peeled off, the peeling roller group has a certain inclination angle which is 7 degrees, and peeling and forward conveying of the corns are facilitated. An interval is arranged between two adjacent rubber rollers, so that a groove is formed between the two rollers, the bract jam is prevented, the peeling rate is reduced, and the condition of reserving the bracts is met.

Wherein, the side of the conveying mechanism 1 is also provided with a vortex air pump, and the corn is blown by a high-pressure nozzle to remove dust and the fallen bracts.

The structural analysis and calculation of each mechanism for cutting and peeling the corn are as follows:

determining main technological parameters of a peeling roller set:

one of the parameters influencing the bract removal rate of the corn is the length of the rubber roller, and the shorter the rubber roller is, the lower the bract removal rate is; however, longer lengths can result in longer husking times, increasing the loss and damage to the kernels. According to the experiment, the peeling rate of the corn on the rubber roller is 80% within 500mm at the beginning and is 50% within 400mm, so that the roller length is 400 mm.

The smaller the diameter of the rubber roller is, the smaller the gripping capacity of the roller teeth is; the peeling rate, the damage rate of corn ears and the peeling rate are reduced; when the diameter of the rubber roller is increased, the larger the friction surface area between the rubber roller and the corn ear bracts is, the larger the friction force is, but the overlarge diameter of the peeling roller causes the loss and the damage rate of corn kernels to be increased, the diameter of the excircle of the general rubber roller is 60-80mm, and the diameter of the rubber roller of the corn husking machine is 70 mm.

Within a certain range of the diameter of the rubber roller, the production efficiency is improved along with the increase of the rotating speed of the rubber roller, but the rotating speed of the rubber roller is too high, so that the peeling rate is reduced, and the rotating speed of the rubber roller of the machine is 350 r/min.

TABLE 2 corn measurement basic parameters

Determining the main technological parameters of a cutting blade (C12Mov flat circular blade)

TABLE 3 cutting blade form factor correlation parameter/mm

Outer diameter D of the cutter: 150mm, inner diameter d: 22mm, thickness b: 2mm, circumference L of the tool: 471mm

Gross weight 150 x100x2x6.17x0.000001-185.1 g

Gross weight of inner bore is 25.4x25.4x2x6.17x0.000001 is 6g

Therefore, the total weight M of the cutting tools is 179.1 g.

The experimental analysis of root (head end) cut length and number of bract layers is given in table 4 below:

TABLE 5 relationship of tool position to maximum circumference

A corn with a length of about 250mm is obtained by cutting off the remaining 5 bracts 20mm from the head end, the remaining 4 bracts 25mm from the head end, the remaining 3 bracts 30mm and 35mm from the head end, and the remaining 2 bracts 40mm from the head end.

This embodiment provides for determination of capacity of the set of peel rollers:

q-single pair peeling roller production capacity/(kg. h)^-1)

m-mass of individual ears, average about 0.25kg

l-the corn ear moves forward for a distance when the peeling roller rotates for a circle

n-peeling roller speed, 5.83r/s

L-maximum ear Length of 230mm at most

Delta L-ear spacing

The husking roller rotates for one circle, and the corn ear moves forward for a distance

In this embodiment, the width of the V-shaped positioning groove 311 plus the interval between the grooves is 220mm, the conveying speed of the cutting and conveying unit 39 is 2.5m/s, the time for moving one corn is 220 ÷ 2.5 ═ 0.88s, and Δ L ═ 0.88 × 100 ═ 88 mm.

The calculated production capacity is 280kg/h, and referring to the inspection report of other types of fresh corn huskers, the husking test is carried out on the corn with the phoenix waxy corn 2146, the average diameter of the corn cob is about 60mm, the average length is about 230mm, the average weight is about 0.25kg, the water content of the corn kernel is 65%, and the rotating speed of the husking roller is 350 r/min. The results of the overall performance test are shown in Table 6

Table 6 results of performance testing

Index (I)	The result of the detection
		Actual production rate	300kg/h
Net rate of stripping	50％
		Breakage rate	4.50％

Referring to fig. 6 to 7, as a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the peripheries of the spiral roller 23 and the toothed roller 22 are both covered with a rubber layer, and the rubber layer is correspondingly provided with spiral protrusions or teeth.

As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 6 to 7, the peeling bracket 25 is provided with anti-dropping baffles 21, and the anti-dropping baffles 21 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the peeling roller assembly to prevent the fresh corn from dropping.

As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 8 to 12, the feeding mechanism 5 includes a feeding bin 51, a feeding sliding assembly installed on an inner wall of the feeding bin 51, and a feeding conveying assembly disposed on the feeding bin 51, the feeding conveying assembly is located above the feeding bin 51 and on one side where the feeding sliding assembly is disposed; the feeding sliding assembly comprises a feeding linear sliding rail 54 arranged on the inner wall of the feeding bin 51, a sliding block in sliding fit with the feeding linear sliding rail 54 and an inserting plate 52 fixedly connected with the sliding block; the bottom surface of the feeding bin 51 is an inclined plane, the inserting plate 52 is located on one side of the lowest position of the feeding bin 51, the inserting plate 52 reciprocates up and down along the feeding linear slide rail 54, fresh corns falling on the upper end of the inserting plate 52 are pushed to the height of the feeding conveying assembly, the fresh corns can roll down on the feeding conveying assembly by means of inertia, and the fresh corns are conveyed to the grabbing station through the feeding conveying assembly.

The material loading sliding assembly function of this embodiment: realize the first orientation material loading of fresh corn.

And (3) installing each component: the width of an upper corn storage bin 51 is 1300mm, the front end of the bottom of the upper storage bin 51 is hollowed to form a long hole, a storage bin inserting plate 52 is placed, the length of the inserting plate 52 is 650mm, two ends of the inserting plate are connected with a standard cylinder with the cylinder diameter 40 of ISO15552 through an end bearing, a feeding cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the upper storage bin 51 through two bolts and then connected with a sliding block (Yadeke LSH20H multiplied by 640AA-D (N)), a feeding linear sliding rail 54 is fixed to a supporting plate through bolt connection, the supporting plate serves as one side wall of the upper storage bin 51, and the inserting plate 52 can be pushed by the cylinder to rise more stably. In this embodiment, the feeding cylinder pushes the slider to reciprocate.

The feeding mechanism 5 is characterized in that: go up feed bin 51 volume about 500L, the single is reinforced can add about 1200 corns, and after the manual work was poured the maize into, the material loading jar began to work to carry out the first feeding of ordering of maize with 110mm/s 'speed, the maize sequencing mode is the horizontal direction, and the maize that the direction has the mistake can't fall into picture peg 52 and carry out the material loading, will return and fall into feed bin 51, sorts the material loading once more.

Material loading conveying subassembly function: realize the horizontal transportation after the directional material loading of fresh corn. The feeding conveying assembly comprises a feeding support and a feeding conveying belt 53.

Each part of the feeding conveying assembly is installed: wide 60mm of material loading conveyer belt 53, 1500mm long in the area, take place the bending for preventing material loading conveyer belt 53, the bracing piece has been added in the middle of material loading conveyer belt 53, there is the bearing at every bracing piece both ends, reduce the frictional force in the conveyer belt transportation, material loading conveyer belt 53 both ends are 10 mm's steel sheet, it is fixed by the splint 55 of material loading conveyer belt 53 both sides, material loading conveyer belt 53 both ends are equipped with drive shaft and driven shaft respectively, drive shaft and driven shaft rotate with splint 55 to be connected, one side of splint 55 sets up maize baffle 56, maize baffle 56 is fixed by screwing up the bolt, easily dismouting. To prevent the upper end of the belt from slackening, the drive shaft of the feeding belt 53 is fixed to the corn advancing end. As the phenomenon of excessive stacking of the feeding materials possibly occurs on the feeding conveyor belt 53, a 750w direct current servo motor with slightly larger power is selected as a driving motor and is fixed on the feeding bracket by a top end and bottom fixing method. Before the stroke end of the feeding conveyor belt 53, a displacement sensor and a waste material eliminating cylinder are installed, and the front end is fixed, so that unqualified corns can be removed.

The feeding mechanism 5 is characterized in that: the fresh corns are fed by the feeding sliding assembly and then fall into the feeding conveyor belt 53, a displacement sensor is arranged on a corn baffle 56 on the side surface of the tail end of the feeding conveyor belt 53, the corns are scanned, information such as the lengths of the corns is transmitted to the subsequent multi-freedom-degree manipulator 42, and the corns meeting the requirements are grabbed by the multi-freedom-degree manipulator 42 to be fed. The defective corns can transmit signals to the elimination cylinder, and the defective corns are pushed into the waste material collection box 6 below the feeding conveyor belt 53 to be processed in a centralized mode. Or, the defective corns are identified through the identification sensor 43 arranged on the grabbing mechanism 4, the defective corns are grabbed to the waste collection box 6, and the corns meeting the requirements are grabbed to the positioning groove 311. Here, garbage collection box 6 can set up in reasonable position, perhaps sets up garbage collection box 6 respectively in the both sides that cut off conveying subassembly 39 to rationally set up near being close to snatching mechanism 4, is convenient for snatch mechanism 4 and snatchs, also is convenient for eliminate the propelling movement of cylinder, the collection of the head end that still is convenient for bright maize to cut off and tail end.

As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 13, in which the grabbing mechanism 4 includes a grabbing bracket, a translational linear slide rail 41 installed on the grabbing bracket, a multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator slidably connected to the translational linear slide rail 41, and an identification sensor 43 installed on the grabbing bracket, and identifies the fresh corns not meeting the requirement of the preset total length, and the fresh corns are taken away by the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator 42 and placed on the positioning slots 311 end to end in a consistent manner. The multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator 42 is driven by a pneumatic push rod.

In particular, the gripping mechanism 4 functions: realize the secondary sequencing of the fresh corn

And (3) installing each component: the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator 42 comprises a pneumatic finger, a pneumatic rotating disc and a three-rod cylinder, and the translation linear sliding rail 41 is installed on the grabbing bracket through a bolt.

Snatch 4 characteristics of mechanism: because the follow-up processing of maize needs accurate location, so the horizontal direction motion of multi freedom manipulator 42 is controlled by pneumatic push rod, accuracy when can guarantee maize adjustment position, and vertical direction motion is controlled by three pole cylinders for accomplish the work of promoting of maize, and the bottommost pneumatic finger is connected with the rotary disk, and the secondary orientation of maize is accomplished to the rotary disk, puts into V type constant head tank 311 processing with the big small head of maize according to fixed direction. The pneumatic finger clamping mode is angle opening and closing, and is used for clamping the corn without falling.

In combination with the above embodiments, the processing procedure of the present invention is as follows: after the corns are manually put into the feeding bin 51, the production line is started, the inclined insertion plate 52 of the feeding machine starts to do linear reciprocating motion, the corns facing the right direction can enter the reciprocating insertion plate 52 and are sent into the feeding conveying belt 53. The corn on the feeding conveyor belt 53 passes through the identification sensor 43, the size and the direction of the big end and the small end which are required to be cut are measured, the corn is grabbed by the multi-freedom-degree manipulator 42, the corn is subjected to secondary sequencing, the corn is placed in the V-shaped positioning groove 311 at a designated position, the feeding conveyor belt 53 is conveyed forwards to a cutting station with a large cutting end, the large end of the corn is cut at a high speed by a hard alloy circular saw blade (cutting blade) driven by a motor, the fresh corn is elastically pressed by a pressing plate 34 during cutting, the corn is continuously conveyed forwards after the cutting, the end of the corn is pushed by a pneumatic push rod, the positioning plate 36 is opened and closed, a signal is sent by a proximity sensor 37, the push rod returns, the spring elasticity pushes the positioning plate 36 to be restored to an open state, then the corn is conveyed to a small cutting end, the circular saw blade is driven by the motor to cut the small end of the corn, the small end of the corn is cut and falls into a peeling roller group consisting of the spiral roller 23 and the tooth roller 22, the bracts of the outer corn are peeled off, then the outer corn obliquely enters the conveying mechanism 1, the high-pressure nozzle of the vortex air pump is used for blowing dust to the corn and removing the bracts which do not fall off, the task is completed after two layers of bracts are remained, and the corn is recovered.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Fresh corn automatic processing production line which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a feeding mechanism, a grabbing mechanism, a head-tail cutting mechanism, a peeling mechanism and a conveying mechanism which are arranged in sequence;

the head and tail cutting mechanism comprises a cutting support, and a cutting conveying assembly, a cutting assembly, a pressing assembly and a positioning assembly which are arranged on the cutting support; a plurality of positioning grooves are arranged on the cutting and conveying assembly; the two sides of the cutting conveying assembly are respectively provided with the cutting assemblies, and the two groups of cutting assemblies are arranged in a staggered manner; the positioning assembly comprises a linear actuator and an elastic positioner which are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the cutting conveying assembly, and the positioning assembly is positioned between the two cutting assemblies; the pressing assembly is positioned above the cutting and conveying assembly and is used for pressing the fresh corns on the cutting and conveying assembly;

the fresh corn is fed to a grabbing station by the feeding mechanism, the fresh corn is sequentially placed on each positioning groove in the same end orientation sequence by the grabbing mechanism, is conveyed to a first cutting assembly by the cutting and conveying assembly, cuts off the head end or the tail end of the fresh corn and then is conveyed to the positioning assembly, the fresh corn is pushed to the elastic positioner along the positioning groove by the linear actuator from one end of the fresh corn which is cut off for the first time until the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn abuts against the elastic positioning baffle and extends out of the positioning groove to a preset length, the fresh corn is continuously conveyed forwards to a second cutting assembly, the tail end or the head end of the fresh corn is cut off, enters the peeling mechanism to peel off the fresh corn, and finally is conveyed away by the conveying mechanism; the positioning assembly restores the original position to position the next fresh corn; the fresh corn is placed through the grabbing mechanism and is cut off by the head and tail cutting mechanism, so that the fixed-length cutting of the fresh corn is realized, and the bracts meeting the preset requirements are reserved after passing through the peeling mechanism;

the elastic positioner comprises a fixed plate arranged on the cutting bracket, a positioning plate hinged with the fixed plate, a first elastic piece connected between the fixed plate and the positioning plate, and a proximity sensor arranged on the fixed plate; the positioning plate forms an acute angle with the fixing plate by virtue of the elastic piece, the linear actuator pushes the fresh corns to move towards the positioning plate until the fresh corns are in contact with the positioning plate, the positioning plate is continuously extruded under the pushing of the linear actuator, the positioning plate overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic piece to rotate towards the fixing plate, the proximity sensor senses that the fresh corns push out of the positioning groove to the preset length, the linear actuator is recovered, the fresh corns are conveyed to a next cutting station, and the positioning plate is reset under the action of the first elastic piece;

firstly, precisely cutting the head end of corn, reserving 2-3 layers of bracts, placing the head end of the fresh corn according to a specified position by using a multi-freedom-degree mechanical handle before cutting, reserving a part to be cut, and cutting the part with a fixed length, wherein the error is less than 5 mm; then the corn reaches the tail end positioning position, the pneumatic push rod is in contact with one cut end and pushes the corn to the positioning plate and overcomes the elastic force of the spring, the proximity sensor sends out a signal, and the piston of the air cylinder stops pushing and returning; then the tail end is cut off, and the tail end is cut by a cutting blade according to the well positioned distance to finish the fixed length cutting of the tail end;

peeling corn and reserving 2-3 layers of bracts to ensure the freshness, and uniformly controlling the material of a peeling roller and the rotating speed, which is specifically as follows:

one of the parameters influencing the bract removal rate of the corn is the length of the rubber roller, and the shorter the rubber roller is, the lower the bract removal rate is; however, longer lengths result in longer peeling times, increasing kernel loss and damage; according to the experiment, the peeling rate of the corn on the rubber roller is 80% within 500mm, and the peeling rate is 50% within 400mm, so that the roller length is determined to be 400 mm;

the smaller the diameter of the rubber roller is, the smaller the gripping capacity of the roller teeth is; the peeling rate, the damage rate of corn ears and the peeling rate are reduced; when the diameter of the rubber roller is increased, the larger the friction surface area between the rubber roller and corn ear bracts is, the larger the friction force is, but the larger the diameter of the peeling roller is, the loss and damage rate of corn kernels are increased, the diameter of the excircle of the rubber roller is 60-80mm, and the diameter of the rubber roller of the corn husking machine is 70 mm;

2. The automatic fresh corn processing line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressing assembly includes a pressing plate disposed along a conveying direction of the fresh corn and a second elastic member connected between the pressing plate and the cutting bracket for elastically pressing the pressing plate against the fresh corn.

3. The automated fresh corn processing line of claim 1 wherein the cutoff assembly includes a cutoff motor and a cutoff blade mounted to a spindle of the cutoff motor.

4. The automatic fresh corn processing production line as claimed in claim 1, wherein one side of the head and tail cutting mechanism is provided with a waste collection box for collecting the cut tails or heads.

5. The automatic fresh corn processing line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the peeling mechanism in the vertical direction is lower than the height of the cutting and conveying assembly of the cutting mechanism; the peeling mechanism comprises a peeling bracket, a peeling roller assembly rotatably mounted on the peeling bracket and a peeling driving assembly driving the peeling roller assembly to rotate; the peeling roller assembly comprises two spiral rollers positioned in the middle and toothed rollers positioned on two sides of the spiral rollers, the peeling driving assembly drives the two spiral rollers to rotate reversely, and the spiral rollers drive the toothed rollers to rotate reversely; the axes of the spiral roller and the toothed roller are consistent with the conveying direction of the fresh corn.

6. The automatic fresh corn processing line as claimed in claim 5, wherein the spiral roller and the toothed roller are covered with rubber layer, and the rubber layer is provided with spiral protrusions or teeth.

7. The automatic fresh corn processing line as claimed in claim 5, wherein the peeling frame is provided with anti-dropping baffles symmetrically arranged at two sides of the peeling roller assembly.

8. The automatic fresh corn processing production line of claim 1, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding bin, a feeding sliding assembly mounted on the inner wall of the feeding bin, and a feeding conveying assembly arranged on the feeding bin, and the feeding conveying assembly is positioned above the feeding bin and on one side where the feeding sliding assembly is arranged; the feeding sliding assembly comprises a feeding linear sliding rail arranged on the inner wall of the feeding bin, a sliding block in sliding fit with the feeding linear sliding rail and an inserting plate fixedly connected with the sliding block; the bottom surface of going up the feed bin is the inclined plane, the picture peg is located one side of going up the feed bin extreme low position, the picture peg is followed material loading linear slide rail reciprocating motion from top to bottom will drop the bright maize of picture peg upper end promotes material loading conveying subassembly's height, bright maize can roll with the help of inertia and fall on the material loading conveying subassembly, the warp the material loading conveying subassembly conveys and snatchs the station.

9. The automatic fresh corn processing production line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grabbing mechanism comprises a grabbing bracket, a translational linear slide rail mounted on the grabbing bracket, a multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator connected with the translational linear slide rail in a sliding manner, and an identification sensor mounted on the grabbing bracket, and is used for identifying fresh corns which do not meet the requirement of the preset total length, taking away the fresh corns through the multi-degree-of-freedom manipulator, and placing the fresh corns which meet the requirement of the preset total length on the positioning groove in a head-to-tail consistent manner.