CN112540327A - Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method - Google Patents

Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method Download PDF

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CN112540327A
CN112540327A CN202011397995.1A CN202011397995A CN112540327A CN 112540327 A CN112540327 A CN 112540327A CN 202011397995 A CN202011397995 A CN 202011397995A CN 112540327 A CN112540327 A CN 112540327A
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laser
lambda
wave plate
circularly polarized
handed
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张樊
王羚
刘剑刚
韩晓东
曹平军
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710th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect

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Abstract

The invention discloses a light path for inhibiting the steering difference of a laser-optical pump magnetometer and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of atomic magnetometers. The invention adopts VCSEL laser to provide linear polarization laser light source for a laser optical pump magnetometer, obtains two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light with the same light intensity through an optical component of a wave plate and a calcite crystal and two photodetectors, obtains the sum of the light intensities of the two beams of light through the photodetectors after the two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light interact with atoms, and uses the sum for signal processing. Compared with the existing Mz and Mx laser pump magnetometers which adopt single circularly polarized light as a light source, the method can obtain symmetrical magnetic resonance signals through the sum of magnetic resonance signals generated by left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and achieves the effects of restraining the steering difference of the optical pump magnetometers and improving the measurement precision and sensitivity of the optical pump magnetometers.

Description

Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and relates to a light path for inhibiting steering difference of a laser optical pump magnetometer and a design method.
Background
The optical pump magnetometer has the characteristic of high detection sensitivity, and has important application in the military and civil fields of magnetic target detection, space physics, biomedicine, geological exploration and the like. The laser-optical pump magnetometer is a device which uses laser as a light source and detects the Zeeman effect of atoms in a magnetic field through the interaction of the laser and the atoms so as to realize the field intensity perception of the external magnetic field. The power consumption of the optical pump magnetometer using laser as a light source can be within 1W, and the sensitivity can be better than 5pT/Hz1/2。
Under an external magnetic field, the zeeman effect of atoms enables the distance between energy levels to change along with the change of the external magnetic field. To be provided with87Rb atom as an example, 52S1/2The ground state is subjected to Zeeman splitting under an external magnetic field, and the corresponding Larmor frequency f between adjacent energy levels after splittingLThe relationship with the magnetic field B to be measured can be approximated as fLγ B, wherein γ is87Magnetic rotation ratio of Rb atom. Using a wavelength of 795nm (corresponding to87Rb atom D1 linear) circularly polarized laser pair87Rb atoms are pumped, the photons absorbed by the atoms are polarized and saturated, and the atoms do not absorb the photons after saturation. When an atomic addition has a frequency f equal to the Larmor frequencyLWhen the radio frequency magnetic field is equal, the magneto-optical resonance occurs, atoms are depolarized and absorb photons again, the light intensity of laser transmission light is weakened, and a magnetic resonance signal is obtained. The larmor frequency f of the atoms can be measured by the magnetic resonance signalLThereby obtaining the size of the magnetic field B to be measured.
In the process of polarizing atoms by circularly polarized light, if single left-handed circularly polarized light or single right-handed circularly polarized light is adopted, due to the nonlinear Zeeman effect, the magnetic resonance signal is left-right asymmetric, when the optical pump magnetometer measures the magnetic field, if the optical pump magnetometer rotates 180 degrees, the magnetic resonance signal is left-right asymmetric in a reverse direction, and therefore when the optical pump magnetometer measures the same magnetic field to be measured, the measured values are different, namely the steering difference is obtained. The measurement accuracy of the optical pump magnetometer and the measurement sensitivity on the moving platform are seriously influenced by the steering difference.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for suppressing the steering error, which can solve the problem of different measured values when the optical pump magnetometer measures the same magnetic field, and ensure the measurement accuracy and sensitivity of the optical pump magnetometer.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an optical path for suppressing the turning difference of a laser pump magnetometer and a design method thereof, wherein a calcite crystal is used to split linearly polarized laser to obtain two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light with the same light intensity, and the two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light interact with atoms simultaneously to suppress the turning difference of the laser pump magnetometer and ensure the measurement accuracy and the measurement sensitivity of the laser pump magnetometer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a light path for inhibiting the steering difference of a laser optical pump magnetometer, which comprises:
VCSEL laser, lambda/2 wave plate, calcite crystal, lambda/4 wave plate,87The radio frequency coil is arranged in the Rb atom gas chamber; where λ is the wavelength of the original linearly polarized laser light output by the VCSEL laser.
VCSEL lasers are arranged on the leftmost side of the optical path and include lambda/2 wave plate, calcite crystal, lambda/4 wave plate and87the Rb atom gas chambers are sequentially arranged on the right side of the VCSEL laser; radio frequency coil is externally wound87The outside of the Rb atomic gas cell; the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are vertically arranged in parallel87Right side of Rb atomic gas cell.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,87the Rb atom air chamber is filled with buffer gas.
The invention provides a light path design method for inhibiting the steering difference of a laser optical pump magnetometer, which is designed aiming at any light path for inhibiting the steering difference of the laser optical pump magnetometer and comprises the following steps:
s1, controlling the constant temperature of the VCSEL laser, and locking the frequency of the VCSEL laser by adjusting the driving current of the VCSEL laser87A D1 line for the Rb atom; VCSEL lasers output raw linearly polarized laser light.
S2, placing a lambda/2 wave plate behind the VCSEL laser, rotating the crystal axis of the lambda/2 wave plate, and adjusting the polarization direction of the original linearly polarized laser.
S3, placing a calcite crystal behind the lambda/2 wave plate, and dividing the original linearly polarized laser into two beams of linearly polarized lasers with mutually perpendicular polarization directions.
S4, placing the lambda/4 wave plate behind the calcite crystal, and rotating the lambda/4 wave plate to enable the crystal axis direction to form an angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the two beams of linearly polarized laser; after passing through the lambda/4 wave plate, the two beams of linearly polarized laser become two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized laser.
S5, the left-hand circularly polarized laser and the right-hand circularly polarized laser enter simultaneously87An Rb atom gas cell.
S6 at87Two photoelectric detectors are arranged behind the Rb atom gas chamber, the first photoelectric detector detects left-handed circularly polarized laser, the second photoelectric detector detects right-handed circularly polarized laser, and the light intensity of the left-handed circularly polarized laser and the light intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized laser are respectively obtained; the ratio of the left-handed polarized laser to the right-handed polarized laser is adjusted by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate, so that the light intensity detected by the two photoelectric detectors is equal, and the differential signal of the two photoelectric detectors is zero.
S7, when the radio frequency of the radio frequency coil is just equal to the Larmor frequency, the first photoelectric detector detects the left-handed circularly polarized laser and87a first magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of Rb atoms, a second photoelectric detector for detecting right-handed circularly polarized laser87And a second magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of the Rb atoms adds the two magnetic resonance signals to obtain a symmetrical magnetic resonance signal.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,87the wavelength λ of the originally linearly polarized laser light corresponding to the D1 line of Rb atoms was 795 nm.
Further, adopt87Rb is the working atom of the laser-optical pump magnetometer.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a light path for inhibiting the steering difference of a laser-optical pump magnetometer and a design method thereof.A VCSEL laser is adopted to provide a linear polarization laser light source for the laser-optical pump magnetometer, two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light with the same light intensity are obtained through an optical component of a wave plate and a calcite crystal and two photoelectric detectors, and after the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light interacts with atoms, the sum of the light intensities of the two beams of light is obtained through the photoelectric detectors and is used for signal processing. Compared with the existing Mz and Mx laser pump magnetometers which adopt single circularly polarized light as a light source, the method can obtain symmetrical magnetic resonance signals through the sum of magnetic resonance signals generated by left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, and achieves the effects of restraining the steering difference of the optical pump magnetometers and improving the measurement precision and sensitivity of the optical pump magnetometers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a process embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of magnetic resonance signals of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The optical path designed by the invention is specifically shown in fig. 1, and comprises: VCSEL 1, lambda/2 wave plate 2, calcite crystal 3, lambda/4 wave plate 4,87An Rb atom gas cell 5, a radio frequency coil 6, a first photodetector 7 and a second photodetector 8. Wherein λ is the wavelength of the original linearly polarized laser light.
As shown in FIG. 2, the VCSEL laser 1 is installed at the leftmost side of the optical path, and includes a lambda/2 wave plate 2, a calcite crystal 3, a lambda/4 wave plate 4,87The Rb atomic gas cell 5 is in turn mounted on the right side of the VCSEL laser 1. A radio frequency coil 6 is externally wound on the87Outside the Rb atomic gas cell 5; the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8 are vertically arranged in parallel87To the right of Rb atom gas cell 5. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second substrates,87the Rb atomic gas cell 5 is filled with a buffer gas.
In the embodiment of the invention, the light path principle is as follows: through constant temperature control and frequency locking of the VCSEL laser 1, the VCSEL laser 1 outputs87Rb atom D1 is linear corresponding to the original linearly polarized light. And rotating the crystal axis of the lambda/2 wave plate 2 to adjust the polarization direction of the original linearly polarized light. The original linearly polarized light is decomposed into two linearly polarized lights with mutually vertical polarization directions after passing through a calcite crystal 3, and the propagation directions of the two lasers are parallelBut do not coincide. Two beams of linearly polarized laser with mutually vertical polarization directions pass through the lambda/4 wave plate 4 to form two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized laser, and the propagation direction is kept unchanged. The first photoelectric detector 7 detects levorotatory circularly polarized laser, the second photoelectric detector 8 detects dextrorotatory circularly polarized laser, and the light intensity detected by the two photoelectric detectors is equal by rotating the crystal axis of the lambda/2 wave plate 2. And (3) enabling the direction of the magnetic field to be detected to be parallel to the light propagation direction, and taking the sum of the signals detected by the two photoelectric detectors as a final signal. And scanning the radio frequency of the radio frequency coil 6, and obtaining a magnetic resonance signal when the radio frequency is just equal to the Larmor precession frequency of the atoms moving under the external magnetic field, wherein the magnetic resonance signal can be used for measuring the size of the magnetic field to be measured.
As shown in fig. 2, the horizontal line of the dot where σ + corresponds to is the magnetic resonance signal acquired for left-handed circularly polarized light, which is asymmetric to the left and right due to the nonlinear zeeman effect. The dashed line for σ -is the magnetic resonance signal acquired for right-handed circularly polarized light, which also exhibits left-right asymmetry due to the nonlinear zeeman effect. The solid line in fig. 2 is the sum of the magnetic resonance signals respectively obtained by left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, which is a symmetric magnetic resonance signal.
The invention provides a light path design method for inhibiting the steering difference of a laser optical pump magnetometer, which is designed aiming at any light path for inhibiting the steering difference of the laser optical pump magnetometer and comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out constant temperature control on the VCSEL laser 1, realizing frequency locking of the VCSEL laser 1 according to the absorption of atoms on laser by adjusting the driving current of the VCSEL laser 1, and locking the frequency of the VCSEL laser 187D1 line for Rb atoms. The VCSEL laser 1 emits an original linearly polarized laser light. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second substrates,87the wavelength λ of the originally linearly polarized laser light corresponding to the D1 line of Rb atoms was 795 nm.
And 2, placing a lambda/2 wave plate 2 behind the VCSEL 1, and adjusting the polarization direction of the original linearly polarized laser output by the VCSEL 1 by rotating the crystal axis direction of the lambda/2 wave plate 2.
Step 3, placing a calcite crystal 3 behind the lambda/2 wave plate 3, wherein the crystal has the following characteristics: in the input laser, the linear polarization laser parallel to the crystal axis direction of the calcite crystal can be linearly transmitted and output, the linear polarization laser vertical to the linear polarization laser can be refracted inside the calcite crystal, and the output direction of the refracted laser is parallel to the input direction. Therefore, the original linearly polarized laser light output from the VCSEL laser 1 is divided into two laser beams having polarization directions perpendicular to each other and propagation directions parallel to each other after passing through the calcite crystal 3, and the two laser beams do not overlap with each other.
And 4, placing a lambda/4 wave plate 4 behind the calcite crystal, rotating the lambda/4 wave plate 4 to enable the crystal axis direction of the lambda/4 wave plate to form 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the two beams of linearly polarized laser, and changing the two beams of linearly polarized laser with mutually vertical polarization directions into two beams of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized laser after passing through the lambda/4 wave plate 4.
Step 5, two beams of left-handed and right-handed polarized laser beams enter the device controlled at a set temperature simultaneously87Rb atom gas cell 5 wherein87The Rb atom air chamber 5 is filled with buffer gas, and a coil for generating radio frequency is wound outside the atom air chamber.87The Rb atom generates Zeeman splitting under the magnetic field to be measured,87the Rb atoms make larmor precession in a magnetic field.
Step 6, in87Two photoelectric detectors are arranged behind the Rb atom gas chamber 5 and are respectively used for detecting the light intensity of two laser beams, wherein the first photoelectric detector 7 is used for detecting left-handed circularly polarized laser, and the second photoelectric detector 8 is used for detecting right-handed circularly polarized laser to obtain the light intensity of the left-handed circularly polarized laser and the light intensity of the right-handed circularly polarized laser. The ratio of the left-handed polarized laser to the right-handed polarized laser is adjusted by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate 2, so that the light intensity detected by the two photoelectric detectors is equal, and the differential signal of the two photoelectric detectors is zero.
And 7, scanning the radio frequency in the radio frequency coil 6, and generating the photomagnetic resonance when the radio frequency is just equal to the Larmor frequency. The left and right-handed polarized lasers respectively acquire two magnetic resonance signals, the two magnetic resonance signals are asymmetric, but the sum signal of the two magnetic resonance signals is a symmetric signal, and the two photoelectric detectors detect the light intensity of the two beams of lasers and add the light intensity to obtain the symmetric magnetic resonance signals.
S7, when the radio frequency of the radio frequency coil 6 is just equal to the Larmor frequency, the first photodetector 8 detects the left-handed circularly polarized laser and87a first magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of Rb atoms, a second photoelectric detector 7 for detecting right-handed circularly polarized laser87And a second magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of the Rb atoms adds the two magnetic resonance signals to obtain a symmetrical magnetic resonance signal.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An optical path for suppressing a turning difference of a laser-optical pump magnetometer, the optical path comprising:
a VCSEL (1), a lambda/2 wave plate (2), a calcite crystal (3), a lambda/4 wave plate (4),87The radio frequency coil is characterized by comprising an Rb atom gas chamber (5), a radio frequency coil (6), a first photoelectric detector (7) and a second photoelectric detector (8); wherein λ is the original linearly polarized laser light output by the VCSEL laser (1);
the VCSEL laser (1) is mounted at the leftmost side of the optical path, the lambda/2 wave plate (2), the calcite crystal (3), the lambda/4 wave plate (4) and the87The Rb atom gas chamber (5) is sequentially arranged on the right side of the VCSEL laser (1); the radio frequency coil (6) is wound outside the coil87The exterior of the Rb atom gas cell (5); the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are vertically arranged in parallel87The right side of the Rb atom air chamber (5).
2. The optical path for suppressing misdirection of a laser-optical pump magnetometer of claim 1, wherein said optical path is characterized in that87The Rb atom air chamber (5) is filled with buffer gas.
3. An optical path design method for suppressing the turning difference of a laser optical pump magnetometer is characterized in that the optical path design method for suppressing the turning difference of the laser optical pump magnetometer according to any one of claims 1 to 2 is carried out, and the design method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out thermostatic control on the VCSEL laser (1), and locking the frequency of the VCSEL laser (1) by adjusting the driving current of the VCSEL laser87A D1 line for the Rb atom; the VCSEL laser (1) outputs original linearly polarized laser light;
s2, placing the lambda/2 wave plate (2) behind the VCSEL laser (1), rotating the crystal axis of the lambda/2 wave plate (2), and adjusting the polarization direction of the original linearly polarized laser;
s3, placing a calcite crystal (3) behind the lambda/2 wave plate (2), and dividing the original linearly polarized laser into two beams of linearly polarized lasers with mutually vertical polarization directions;
s4, placing the lambda/4 wave plate (4) behind the calcite crystal (3), and rotating the lambda/4 wave plate (4) to enable the crystal axis direction to form an angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the two beams of linearly polarized laser; after passing through the lambda/4 wave plate (4), the two beams of linearly polarized laser are respectively changed into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized laser;
s5, the left and right hand circularly polarized lasers enter the laser beam simultaneously87An Rb atom gas cell (5);
s6, in the87Two photoelectric detectors are arranged behind the Rb atom gas chamber (5), the first photoelectric detector (7) detects left-handed circularly polarized laser, the second photoelectric detector (8) detects right-handed circularly polarized laser, and the light intensities of the left-handed circularly polarized laser and the right-handed circularly polarized laser are respectively obtained; the ratio of left-handed polarized laser to right-handed polarized laser is adjusted by rotating the lambda/2 wave plate (2), the light intensities detected by the two photoelectric detectors are equal, and the differential signal of the two photoelectric detectors is zero;
s7, when the radio frequency of the radio frequency coil (6) is just equal to the radio frequency87When Rb atoms move in an external magnetic field at the Larmor frequency, the first photoelectric detector (7) detects the left-handed circularly polarized laser beam87A first magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of Rb atoms, and the second photoelectric detector (8) for detecting the right-handed circularly polarized laser light87A second magnetic resonance signal generated by the interaction of Rb atoms, two magnetic resonancesThe signals are added to obtain a symmetric magnetic resonance signal.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the design method of the optical path for suppressing the turning difference of the laser-pumped magnetometer is characterized in that87The wavelength λ of the primary linearly polarized laser light corresponding to the D1 line of Rb atoms is 795 nm.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of designing the optical path for suppressing the turning difference of the laser-pumped magnetometer is performed by87Rb is the working atom of the laser-optical pump magnetometer.
CN202011397995.1A 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 Light path for inhibiting steering difference of laser optical pump magnetometer and design method Pending CN112540327A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114442005A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-05-06 北京自动化控制设备研究所 Atomic magnetometer course error restraining method and system

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CN103869265A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-06-18 北京大学 Atom magnetic sensor for optical pump magnetometer
CN104701727A (en) * 2015-03-02 2015-06-10 北京大学 Laser frequency stabilization method and device
CN107121195A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-01 北京航空航天大学 A kind of small smooth swing angle balanced differential detection means and method based on photoelastic modulation
CN109752671A (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-14 北京自动化控制设备研究所 A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift
CN109765507A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-17 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一0研究所 A kind of auto-excitation type laser light pump magnetometer system based on biabsorption room
CN111025201A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-04-17 北京航天控制仪器研究所 Probe light path structure of atomic magnetometer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103869265A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-06-18 北京大学 Atom magnetic sensor for optical pump magnetometer
CN104701727A (en) * 2015-03-02 2015-06-10 北京大学 Laser frequency stabilization method and device
CN107121195A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-01 北京航空航天大学 A kind of small smooth swing angle balanced differential detection means and method based on photoelastic modulation
CN109752671A (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-14 北京自动化控制设备研究所 A kind of stabilizing control system of atom magnetometer optical frequency shift
CN109765507A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-05-17 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一0研究所 A kind of auto-excitation type laser light pump magnetometer system based on biabsorption room
CN111025201A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-04-17 北京航天控制仪器研究所 Probe light path structure of atomic magnetometer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114442005A (en) * 2021-12-22 2022-05-06 北京自动化控制设备研究所 Atomic magnetometer course error restraining method and system
CN114442005B (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-09-12 北京自动化控制设备研究所 Method and system for inhibiting heading error of atomic magnetometer

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Application publication date: 20210323