CN112540048A - Natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device and method - Google Patents
Natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a natural water body water leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device and method, which solve the problem of poor observation precision of existing water leaving radiation polarization signals. The device comprises a sensor fixing seat, a light shield, a water body radiance sensor and a linear polarizer; the light shield is of a conical sleeve structure, one end of the light shield is connected with the sensor fixing seat and is used for inhibiting the sky diffused light reflected by the water surface from entering the measuring light path; the linear polarizer is arranged at the entrance pupil of the water body radiance sensor, has high transmittance and over 99 percent polarization efficiency in visible light and near ultraviolet bands, and has different polarization angles; the water body radiance sensor is arranged on the sensor fixing seat and is positioned in the lens hood, and the field angle of the water body radiance sensor is smaller than that of the lens hood and is used for collecting the water-leaving radiation polarization signals with different polarization angles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean water color remote sensing, in particular to a device and a method for in-situ observation of a natural water body in an offshore radiation polarization hyperspectral field.
Background
The ocean water color remote sensing technology becomes an important technical means for monitoring ocean environment change on a global scale, but at present, the inversion of water color remote sensing information still has larger uncertainty, and particularly aims at a near-shore complex optical characteristic water body. The traditional water color remote sensing is established under the framework of the total radiance of the water radiation, the total radiance is sensitive to the change of the absorption and scattering characteristics of water components, but the total radiance is not sensitive to the microscopic optical properties (such as particle size, shape, refractive index and particle size spectrum distribution) of ocean particles, and great uncertainty is brought to the quantitative inversion of the ocean water color remote sensing.
Ocean polarization remote sensing is an effective way to solve the above problems. The polarization characteristics of the water body are determined by the microscopic properties of the particles, particularly the polarization scattering of the particles. Due to absorption and scattering effects of atmospheric molecules, aerosol particles and water color elements and refraction and reflection effects of a sea-air interface, polarization characteristics of visible light (natural light) can be changed in the transmission process of the sea-atmosphere coupling system, and the change mode and degree of the visible light are determined by optical characteristics of a water body. Therefore, the water-leaving radiation polarization signal carries rich water color element information, is a beneficial supplement of the traditional ocean water color remote sensing, and can be used for quantitative inversion of the water color element information under certain conditions. On one hand, the inversion accuracy of the inorganic particulate matter can be improved by the polarization remote sensing reflectivity of the water-leaving radiation; on the other hand, the inherent optical parameters (absorption attenuation ratio) of the water body can be directly inverted by utilizing the polarization degree of the uplink radiation, and the inversion accuracy of the backscattering coefficient and the scattering coefficient of the water body is improved by introducing the multi-angle of the water-leaving radiation and the polarization information.
However, in the conventional remote sensing application process, the polarization which is an independent property of the off-water radiation is often ignored, and in order to meet the requirement of accurate radiometric calibration of 0.5% of the marine water color sensor (after the calibration is replaced), the polarization responsivity of the water color sensor needs to be less than 2.5%, and the off-water radiation polarization information is only used as noise correction or is eliminated by arranging a depolarizer. So far, no marine water color satellite sensor specially aiming at detecting the polarization characteristic of the radiation away from water exists. In addition, due to the lack of underwater polarization spectroscopy instruments and the difficulties in the field polarization spectroscopy measurement process, the field polarization optical in-situ measurement work of natural water polarization optical in coastal waters, lakes and the like in China is less developed, and the accumulation of water polarization spectroscopy data is less.
At present, a natural water body water leaving radiation signal can be obtained by a water surface method, a total signal (including water leaving radiation and a sky diffused light reflection signal) reflected by a water surface and a sky diffused light are respectively obtained by the method, and the measurement and observation geometry is about 135 degrees of azimuth angle and 40 degrees of altitude angle, so that most sunlight direct reflection is avoided, and the influence of ship shadow is reduced. When the total signal reflected by the water surface is measured, the sensor is arranged opposite to the water surface, when the sky diffused light is measured, the sensor is arranged opposite to the sky, and the water leaving radiation is obtained after the sky diffused light reflected signal is deducted from the total signal reflected by the water surface. However, this method has several disadvantages: 1. due to the change of the roughness of the sea surface, the measurement error of the sky diffused light is larger, and the measurement and observation geometry is not easy to control; 2. when a sky diffuse light reflection signal is deducted, the reflectivity of a gas-water interface is between 0.025 and 0.035, under a calm sea condition, 0.028 is generally recommended, but the reflectivity coefficient of the gas-water interface is greatly changed along with the sea condition (wind speed and observation geometric angle), so that the sky diffuse light reflection signal is not completely deducted, the measurement precision of the off-water radiation is poor, and particularly the near infrared band is poor; 3. atmospheric optical characteristics change remarkably, and sky diffused light has large uncertainty in the measurement process, so that the measurement result also has uncertainty; 4. the method for measuring the polarization signal of the leaving water radiation by using the above water surface method needs to measure the Stokes vector parameters of the water body and the sky diffused light at the same time, the method is used for indirectly obtaining the polarization signal of the leaving water radiation, and the measuring process is complicated. Therefore, due to pollution of the sky diffused light reflected by the sea surface, the accuracy of the above-water method for measuring the water-leaving radiation and the polarization signal thereof is poor, and the research progress of the marine water color polarization remote sensing is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of poor observation precision of existing water-leaving radiation polarization signals, and provides a natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device and method. The device systematically measures the polarization spectrum signal of the leaving water radiation, realizes the high-precision on-site in-situ measurement of the ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared waveband polarization hyperspectral data of the leaving water radiation of the natural water body, enriches the actually measured data information of the polarization spectrum of the natural water body, further researches the change rule of the polarization characteristic of the leaving water radiation of the natural water body with different optical characteristics, and clears up the influence of the color elements and the inherent optical characteristics of the clear water on the polarization characteristic of the leaving water radiation.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device comprises a sensor fixing seat, a light shield, n water body radiation brightness sensors and n linear polarizers, wherein n is an integer more than or equal to 3; the light shield is of a conical sleeve structure, one end of the light shield is connected with the sensor fixing seat and is used for inhibiting the sky diffused light reflected by the water surface from entering the measuring light path; the linear polarizers are arranged at the entrance pupil of the water body radiance sensor, have high transmittance and polarization efficiency of over 99 percent in visible light and near ultraviolet bands, are different in polarization angle and are used for measuring the Stokes vector parameters of the ionizing radiation; the water body radiance sensor is arranged on the sensor fixing seat and is positioned in the lens hood, and the field angle of the water body radiance sensor is smaller than that of the lens hood and is used for collecting the water-leaving radiation polarization signals with different polarization angles.
Further, the waterThe common wave band range of the volume radiation brightness sensor is 320-950 nm, and the equivalent radiation signal-to-noise ratio is more than 8.4 multiplied by 10-4。
Further, the number of the linear polarizers is three, and the polarization angles are set to be 0 °, 60 ° and 120 °, respectively.
Furthermore, the inner wall and the outer wall of the light shield are blackened by using matte paint, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the light shield are used for preventing sky diffused light from entering a vertical light path of the water body radiance sensor.
Furthermore, a circular groove with scales of 0-180 degrees is formed in the sensor fixing seat and used for adjusting the polarization angle of the linear polarizer.
Furthermore, a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the sensor fixing seat, and the water body radiation brightness sensor is arranged on the sensor fixing seat through the clamping grooves.
Further, the upper end of the sensor fixing seat is provided with a lifting ring nut for binding a safety rope.
Furthermore, the angle of view of the light shield is 12 degrees, and the light shield is manufactured by 3D printing of a photosensitive resin material.
Further, the sensor fixing seat is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the linear polarizer is made of inorganic glass.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides an observation method based on the natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device, which comprises the following steps:
step one, suspending a sensor fixing seat on a water surface, wherein a light shield is partially submerged in the water surface but is not contacted with a water body radiance sensor, and the light shield inhibits diffused light in the sky of the water surface from entering a vertical light path of the water body radiance sensor;
and step two, the water body radiance sensor directly collects the water leaving radiance polarization signal and transmits the collected signal to external equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the device can overcome the defects of a measurement method above the water surface, does not need to increase the measurement process of a sea surface sky diffused light signal, and can directly and accurately observe the natural water body off-water radiation polarization hyperspectral signal on site, thereby inhibiting the pollution of the sky diffused light reflected by the water surface, acquiring high-precision data information of the natural water body off-water radiation polarization hyperspectral signal, further researching the off-water radiation polarization characteristic, and clarifying the change rule of the off-water radiation polarization characteristic and the interaction relation between the off-water radiation polarization characteristic and water color elements and inherent optical characteristics of visible light in the natural water body radiation transmission process.
2. The device only comprises four components, has simple structure and convenient use, only needs to replace parts when any component is damaged, has lower cost and is convenient to maintain; meanwhile, the sensor fixing seat is made of aluminum alloy, so that the sensor fixing seat can be used repeatedly and is long in service life.
3. The linear polarizer adopted by the device has high transmittance and polarization efficiency of over 99 percent in visible light and near ultraviolet bands, so that the detection efficiency is higher.
4. The device of the invention uses photosensitive resin material to make the light shield, the inner wall of the light shield is coated with matte black, the influence of inner wall reflected light on the measurement precision is reduced, the sky diffused light can be effectively eliminated, and the measurement precision of the water leaving radiation signal is improved.
5. The water body radiance sensor has the wave band range of 320-950 nm, 190 wave bands in total, the spectral precision of 0.3nm and the typical saturation of 1Wm-2nm-1sr-1(500nm), the detection field angle is 7 degrees, the sensitivity is high, the dynamic range is large, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, the measurement precision is high, and the measurement waveband range is wide. Meanwhile, the water body radiance sensor has the detection capability of an ultraviolet waveband, can finish high-precision measurement of ultraviolet and visible light waveband water-leaving radiation spectrums, and provides a data basis for authenticity detection for a new generation of ocean water color satellite sensor configured with the ultraviolet waveband.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor holder according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a sensor fixing seat, 2-a light shield, 3-a water body radiance sensor, 4-a linear polarizer and 11-a clamping groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The polarization characteristic of the off-water radiation carries rich water color element information, the concentration of the ocean suspended particles can be quantitatively inverted, and parameters such as the inherent absorption attenuation ratio of the water body and the single-shot scattering rate can be estimated. In order to realize the high-precision measurement of the water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral field in situ and research the change rule of the water-leaving radiation polarization characteristic of the natural water body with different optical characteristics and the influence of water color element components on the water-leaving radiation polarization characteristic, the invention provides the natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral field in situ observation device and the method.
As shown in figure 1, the in-situ observation device for the natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral field comprises a water body radiation brightness sensor 3, a linear polarizer 4, a light shield 2 and a sensor fixing seat 1. The device is characterized in that a linear polarizer 4 is arranged in front of a detection port of a water body radiance sensor 3, the polarization direction of the linear polarizer 4 is adjusted to change the polarization measurement angle of the water body radiance sensor 3, the water body radiance sensor 3 is placed in a sensor fixing seat 1, and a light shield 2 is arranged at the front end of the sensor fixing seat 1 to inhibit the pollution of sky diffused light and ensure the high-precision measurement of an off-water radiation signal of a natural water body.
As shown in FIG. 2, the sensor holder 1 of the present invention is a supporting part of the device for mounting other structures, and the present invention does not require the structure and shape thereof. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the sensor fixing seat 1 can be a cylinder structure, three clamping grooves 11 are arranged on the end surface of the sensor fixing seat, and the diameter of each clamping groove 11 is the same as the outer diameter of the water body radiance sensor 3. During installation, the three water body radiance sensors 3 are perpendicularly inserted into the clamping grooves 11 of the sensor fixing seat 1, so that the water body radiance sensors 3 are fixed on the sensor fixing seat 1, and consistency and stability of observation angles of the water body radiance sensors 3 in the water-leaving radiation measurement process are ensured. The upper end of this sensor fixing base 1 can set up eyenut for bind the safety rope, transfer the safety rope during measurement and suspend sensor fixing base 1 above the surface of water, measure the radiation polarization signal of leaving water. In addition, the sensor fixing seat 1 can be made of aluminum alloy materials and other materials, the characteristic of large self weight can ensure the stability in site in-situ observation, the sensor fixing seat can be repeatedly used, and the service life of the sensor fixing seat is prolonged.
The number of the water body radiance sensors 3 is at least three, the water body radiance sensors 3 are arranged on the sensor fixing seat 1, the measuring directions of the water body radiance sensors are consistent, the common wave band range of the water body radiance sensors 3 is 320-950 nm, the total wave bands are 190, the spectral accuracy is 0.3nm, and the measurement of ultraviolet, visible light and near infrared wave bands can be met simultaneously; the field angle is 7 DEG, and the typical saturation is 1Wm-2nm-1sr-1(500nm) and the integration time is 4ms-8s, so that the sensitivity of the method for measuring the sensitivity is high; meanwhile, the wave band can be set according to the application requirement of the water color remote sensing, so that the method has the characteristics of more wave band ranges, large dynamic range, wide application range and the like, and can meet the measurement of the water leaving radiation of the natural water body under different typical optical characteristics and weather conditions. In addition, the equivalent radiation signal-to-noise ratio of the water color polarization remote sensing is required to be more than 8.4 multiplied by 10-4The radiometric calibration precision is 0.25%, the ocean water color remote sensing radiometric calibration requirement of 0.5% can be met, and the radiometric calibration method can be used for inversion monitoring of water color element parameters such as chlorophyll, TSM and CDOM.
The linear polarizer 4 is arranged at the entrance pupil of the light source of the water body radiance sensor 3, and the polarization angles of the linear polarizers 4 are different in order to obtain Stokes vector parameters of incident radiation. Meanwhile, the linear polarizer 4 adopted by the device has high transmittance and polarization efficiency of over 99 percent in visible light and near ultraviolet bands, and has higher detection efficiency. In the embodiment of the invention, the linear polarizer 4 is made of inorganic glass, the linear polarizer 4 is vertically placed in an incident light path of the water body radiation intensity sensor 3, and the polarization angles of the linear polarizer 4 can be respectively set to be 0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees and are used for changing the polarization state of incident emergent radiation, so that the polarization spectrums of the emergent radiation with different polarization angles are collected, the field observation of the emergent radiation with different polarization angles is completed, and finally the Stokes parameters of the emergent radiation are calculated according to the Stokes equation.
In order to enable the polarization angle of the linear polarizer 4 to be adjusted more conveniently and accurately, the sensor fixing seat 1 is provided with the circular grooves with scales of 0-180 degrees, and the polarization angle of the linear polarizer 4 is determined through the circular grooves with the scales, so that the off-water radiation polarization signals under different polarization angles are obtained.
The light shield 2 is of a conical sleeve structure and is fixed at the front end of the sensor fixing seat 1, the water body radiance sensor 3 is located on the light shield 2, and the field angle of the light shield 2 is slightly larger than that of the water body radiance sensor 3, so that a measuring light path is prevented from being shielded. The inner wall and the outer wall of the light shield 2 are coated with black matte paint, so that sky diffused light can be effectively prevented from entering a vertical light path of the water body radiance sensor 3 to pollute a measurement result. During measurement, the light shield 2 is vertically immersed in the water surface, but the water surface is not contacted with the entrance pupil of the water body radiance sensor 3, the light shield 2 inhibits the sky diffused light reflected by the water surface from entering the water body radiance sensor 3, the water leaving radiation polarization signals with different optical characteristics are measured with high precision, and the change rule of the water leaving radiation polarization characteristics is researched. In the embodiment of the invention, the angle of view of the light shield 2 can be 12 degrees, and 3D printing is carried out through the photosensitive resin material, so that the method is convenient to process and replace, and has low manufacturing cost and short period.
When the observation device is used for measurement, the safety rope is bound on the lifting ring nut, the safety rope is put down to suspend the sensor fixing seat 1 above the water surface, the part of the light shield 2 just submerges into the water surface, but the water surface is not contacted with the water body radiance sensor 3, the light shield 2 can effectively inhibit the diffused light of the sky on the water surface from entering the water body radiance sensor 3, at the moment, the water body radiance sensor 3 directly collects the water-leaving radiation polarization signal, the water body radiance sensor 3 is connected with a collection computer through a data conversion and power supply unit, and finally, the data collection and storage of the water-leaving radiation polarization spectrum of the natural water body are. The device can effectively eliminate the pollution of sky diffused light, obtain high-precision off-water radiation polarization signals in situ on site, enrich the data of natural water polarization spectrum data, fill the blank of ocean optical polarization data, and provide a data basis for clarifying ocean water color polarization remote sensing.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a natural water body is from water radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site normal position observation device which characterized in that: the device comprises a sensor fixing seat (1), a light shield (2), n water body radiance sensors (3) and n linear polarizers (4), wherein n is an integer more than or equal to 3;
the light shield (2) is of a conical sleeve structure, one end of the light shield is connected with the sensor fixing seat (1) and is used for inhibiting the sky diffused light reflected by the water surface from entering a measuring light path;
the linear polarizer (4) is arranged at the entrance pupil of the water body radiance sensor (3), has high transmittance and over 99 percent of polarization efficiency in visible light and near ultraviolet wave bands, and the polarization angles of the linear polarizers (4) are different;
the water body radiance sensor (3) is arranged on the sensor fixing seat (1) and is positioned in the light shield (2), and the field angle of the water body radiance sensor is smaller than that of the light shield (2) and is used for collecting the water-leaving radiation polarization signals with different polarization angles.
2. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the common wave band range of the water body radiance sensor (3) is 320-950 nm, and the equivalent radiation signal-to-noise ratio is larger than 8.4 multiplied by 10-4。
3. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the number of the linear polarizers (4) is three, and the polarization angles are respectively set to be 0 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees.
4. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the inner wall and the outer wall of the light shield (2) are blackened by using matte paint, and the inner wall and the outer wall of the light shield are used for preventing sky diffused light from entering a vertical light path of the water body radiance sensor (3).
5. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the sensor fixing seat (1) is provided with a 0-180 degree scale circular groove for adjusting the polarization angle of the linear polarizer (4).
6. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the water body radiance sensor is characterized in that a plurality of clamping grooves (11) are formed in the sensor fixing seat (1), and the water body radiance sensor (3) is arranged on the sensor fixing seat (1) through the clamping grooves (11).
7. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: and the upper end of the sensor fixing seat (1) is provided with a lifting ring nut for binding a safety rope.
8. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the field angle of the light shield (2) is 12 degrees, and the light shield (2) is manufactured through 3D printing of a photosensitive resin material.
9. The natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the sensor fixing seat (1) is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the linear polarizer (4) is made of inorganic glass.
10. An observation method based on the natural water body water-leaving radiation polarization hyperspectral on-site in-situ observation device of any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, suspending a sensor fixing seat on a water surface, submerging a light shield part into the water surface, and inhibiting diffused light of the water surface sky from entering a vertical light path of a water body radiance sensor by the light shield;
and step two, the water body radiance sensor directly collects the water leaving radiance polarization signal and transmits the collected signal to external equipment.
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| US20130003064A1 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2013-01-03 | National Institute Of Standards And Technology | Dynamic Spectral Radiance Calibration Source |
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2020
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| US20130003064A1 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2013-01-03 | National Institute Of Standards And Technology | Dynamic Spectral Radiance Calibration Source |
| CN103344570A (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 | Method and device for determining water leaving radiance |
| CN110116787A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-13 | 武汉大学 | A kind of floatation type measuring system applied to water spectral |
| CN111239051A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Natural water body sea surface polarization hyperspectral observation system |
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Application publication date: 20210323 |