CN112539995A - Method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of material in cathodic protection process - Google Patents

Method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of material in cathodic protection process Download PDF

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CN112539995A
CN112539995A CN201910898567.8A CN201910898567A CN112539995A CN 112539995 A CN112539995 A CN 112539995A CN 201910898567 A CN201910898567 A CN 201910898567A CN 112539995 A CN112539995 A CN 112539995A
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hydrogen embrittlement
potential
hydrogen
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高志明
吴世雄
赵君
夏大海
王哲人
胡文彬
修妍
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of a material in a cathode protection process, which is characterized by comprehensively judging by combining the deformation condition of the material in a slow strain rate stretching in an air medium, defining the comprehensive loss rate by using the loss of the reduction of area and the loss of fracture energy, and judging whether the comprehensive loss rate exceeds 20 percent so as to judge the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material. The method has the advantages of accurate result, simplicity, convenience, rapidness, wide application conditions and suitability for popularization and application.

Description

Method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of material in cathodic protection process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and engineering, and particularly relates to a method for indicating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of a needle material under different cathode protection potentials in a cathode protection process.
Background
Hydrogen embrittlement is a common metal failure mode, and refers to a phenomenon that a material is subjected to brittle fracture under the combined action of hydrogen atoms and stress. In the cathodic protection process of the material, when the cathodic protection potential is negative to the hydrogen evolution potential, hydrogen is separated out and enters the material, so that the material becomes brittle. Therefore, in the cathodic protection process, the study on the change of the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material along with the potential is of great importance to determine a proper cathodic protection criterion. At present, slow strain rate loaded stretching is the most commonly used test method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials, a certain mechanical property parameter is commonly used as an evaluation index, but a large number of experimental results show that a single mechanical property parameter is used as the basis for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials, the result is rather serious, and sometimes even a result opposite to the fact is obtained. A reasonable hydrogen embrittlement evaluation parameter is selected, the plastic deformation performance of the material is comprehensively reflected, and the reasonable setting of the cathodic protection parameter in the cathodic protection process has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for evaluating the hydrogen brittleness sensitivity of a material in the cathodic protection process, and comprehensively judges the deformation condition of the material in the air medium at a slow strain rate. The method has the advantages of accurate result, simplicity, convenience, rapidness, wide application conditions and suitability for popularization and application.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for evaluating hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of a material in a cathodic protection process is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, performing potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curve test on a sample to obtain a cathodic polarization current with basically unchanged current and an oxygen permeation detection potential range corresponding to the cathodic polarization current;
in step 1, samples were selected for the experiment in 3.5 wt% NaCl in water at 20 ℃.
Step 2, selecting different protection potentials within the oxygen permeation detection potential range determined in the step 1, and performing a slow strain rate tensile experiment on the pre-charged hydrogen sample to obtain tensile strain-stress curves under different protection potentials and calculating fracture energy E and a section shrinkage rate;
in step 2, the sample is pre-charged with hydrogen at different protection potentials chosen, for example, for 6 to 24 hours, so that the hydrogen atoms have sufficient time to enter the interior of the material.
In step 2, a slow strain rate tensile test was performed at 10-6The strain rate in/s is stretched until the specimen breaks.
In step 2, samples were selected for the experiment in 3.5 wt% NaCl in water at 20 ℃.
Step 3, based on the fracture energy E and the reduction of area obtained in the step 2, evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material under different protection potentials, and defining the loss of the reduction of area
Figure BDA0002211057460000021
And loss of energy at break IEThe following were used:
Figure BDA0002211057460000022
Figure BDA0002211057460000023
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002211057460000024
and EeRespectively representing the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material under different cathodic protection potentials;
Figure BDA0002211057460000025
and E0Respectively representing the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material stretched at a slow strain rate in an air medium; the combined loss rate is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002211057460000026
with I∑Equal to 20% is the limit, defining its corresponding protection potential as embrittlement potential.Before the embrittlement potential (i.e. I)∑Less than or equal to 20 percent), the material has better plasticity, the cathode protection is effective, and the hydrogen embrittlement failure can not be caused; after the protective potential is negative to the embrittlement potential, then I∑More than 20 percent, the material has serious plasticity loss and risks hydrogen embrittlement failure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of a material in the cathode protection process, which is characterized in that comprehensive judgment is carried out by combining the deformation condition of the material in the air medium under the slow strain rate stretching, the comprehensive loss rate is defined by using the loss of the reduction of area and the loss of fracture energy, and whether the comprehensive loss rate exceeds 20 percent or not is judged, so that the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material is judged. The method has the advantages of accurate result, simplicity, convenience, rapidness, wide application conditions and suitability for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cathodic polarization graph of zeta potential of X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C.
FIG. 2a is a graph of slow strain rate tensile stress-strain for X80 steel at 20 deg.C (SCE) in air in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2b is a graph of the slow strain rate tensile stress-strain curve of the X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl at 20 deg.C (self-corrosion potential OCP).
FIG. 2c is a graph of slow strain rate tensile stress versus strain for the X80 steel of the present invention in 3.5 wt% NaCl media at 20 deg.C (-800mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 2d is a graph of slow strain rate tensile stress versus strain for the X80 steel of the present invention in 3.5 wt% NaCl at 20 deg.C (-850mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 2e is a graph of the slow strain rate tensile stress-strain curve of the X80 steel of the present invention in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-900mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 2f is a graph of slow strain rate tensile stress versus strain (-950mV vs. SCE) of X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl at 20 ℃ in the present invention.
FIG. 2g is a graph of slow strain rate tensile stress versus strain for the X80 steel of the present invention in 3.5 wt% NaCl media at 20 deg.C (-1000mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 3a is an SEM photograph of tensile test fracture morphology of X80 steel in air at 20 ℃ (SCE). FIG. 3b is an SEM photograph of tensile test fracture morphology of the X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 ℃ (self-corrosion potential OCP).
FIG. 3c is an SEM photograph of the fracture morphology of the X80 steel in the invention in a 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-800mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 3d is an SEM photograph of the fracture morphology of the X80 steel in the invention in a 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-850mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 3e is an SEM photograph of the fracture morphology of the X80 steel in the invention in a 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-900mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 3f is an SEM photograph of the fracture morphology of the X80 steel in the invention in a 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-950mV vs. SCE).
FIG. 3g is an SEM photograph of tensile test fracture morphology of X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium at 20 deg.C (-1000mV vs. SCE) in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments below.
Potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curves of X80 steel under the corresponding conditions were measured at a scan rate of 0.5mV/s using a PARSTAT 2273 electrochemical workstation manufactured by Princeton, USA, as shown in FIG. 1. The experiment of the X80 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl water solution at 20 deg.c shows that the oxygen diffusion control region (interval is about-700 to-1000 mV) in the curve has fast potential change with current (or current basically does not change under a certain range of potential), i.e. the corresponding cathodic polarization current under the oxygen permeation detection potential, and the cathodic protection potential is usually selected within the potential range. Tests were carried out with the selection of-800 mV, -850mV, -900mV, -950mV and-1000 mV (vs. SCE) as the different cathodic protection potentials in the examples of the invention.
The CFS-100 stress corrosion experimental facility manufactured by Shanghai Kailfu stress corrosion experimental facility Limited is adopted as 10-6Strain Rate/s stress-strain curves at different cathodic protection potentials were obtained by slow strain rate tensile experiments (up toSnap off the sample) and before each stretch was started, the sample was pre-charged with hydrogen for 6h at the corresponding cathodic protection potential using a ZF3 potentiostat, allowing sufficient time for hydrogen atoms to enter the interior of the material.
In the present invention, the reduction of area loss is defined separately
Figure BDA0002211057460000041
And loss of energy at break IEThe following were used:
Figure BDA0002211057460000042
Figure BDA0002211057460000043
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002211057460000044
and EeRespectively representing the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material under different cathodic protection potentials;
Figure BDA0002211057460000045
and E0Respectively the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material in the air medium under the slow strain rate. It should be noted that (1) the experimental parameters of the material under different cathodic protection potentials are consistent, and the experimental parameters of the material under slow strain rate stretching in the air medium are consistent with the experimental parameters of the material under different cathodic protection potentials, so as to ensure that the loss of the area shrinkage rate and the loss of the fracture energy obtained by the test have comparability; (2) the fracture energy under different cathodic protection potentials is calculated according to a stress-strain curve, and the calculation of the fracture energy refers to the "theory and application of hydrogen embrittlement of steel under marine atmospheric corrosion environment" compiled by Huangyanlian and the like, and pages 27 and related pages are published by scientific publishers, 2016, 2, 1; (3) reduction of area, which refers to the change of cross-sectional area of the material before and after the slow strain rate stretching experiment, and the reduction of area stretched at the slow strain rate of the material in the air medium
Figure BDA0002211057460000047
For example, before stretching, the initial area of the cross section of the sample (referred to as "initial area") was measured, after the stretching experiment was completed, the sample was stretch-broken, the cross section of the sample was changed, the cross section of the sample was shrunk during the stretching, and the area of the cross section at the most shrunk position on the stretch-broken sample was defined as the area after stretching (referred to as "area after stretching"), and the reduction of area was defined as (difference between the initial area and the area after stretching)/the initial area.
In the present invention, the material hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity is judged using the overall loss rate, which is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002211057460000046
when I is∑When the content is less than or equal to 20 percent, the material still shows better plasticity, and no symptom brittle failure can occur in the using process; when I is∑When the content is more than 20%, the material has strong hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity and is easy to lose efficacy.
As shown in the attached FIGS. 2 a-2 g, the tensile stress-strain curves of the X80 steel at slow strain rates under different cathodic protection potentials at 20 ℃ in air and 3.5% NaCl solution were obtained by calculating the fracture energy at different cathodic protection potentials according to the stress-strain curves, and calculating the reduction of area according to the change in the area of the sample cross-section before and after stretching, and calculating the reduction of area loss, the energy loss at break and the overall loss rate, as shown in the following tables.
Figure BDA0002211057460000051
As can be seen from the above table, the cathodic protection potential is before-900 mV (SCE), I∑Less than 20%, and as can be seen from the analysis of the fracture morphology in the tensile test under each protection potential in fig. 3a to 3g, the fracture has the characteristic of plastic fracture according to the distribution of the fossa with different sizes. After the potential is negatively shifted to-950 mV (SCE), I∑More than 20 percent, fracture morphology feature analysis shows that the fracture morphology has no dimple features basically, a river pattern and a cleavage platform appear, and the fracture is obviously brittle fracture. In the cathodic protection process, with I∑Equal to 20% is the limit, defining its corresponding protection potential as embrittlement potential. Before the embrittlement potential (i.e. I)∑Less than or equal to 20 percent), the material has better plasticity, the cathode protection is effective, and the hydrogen embrittlement failure can not be caused; after the protective potential is negative to the embrittlement potential, then I∑More than 20 percent, the material has serious plasticity loss and risks hydrogen embrittlement failure.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of a material in a cathodic protection process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curve test on a sample to obtain a cathodic polarization current with basically unchanged current and an oxygen permeation detection potential range corresponding to the cathodic polarization current;
step 2, selecting different protection potentials within the oxygen permeation detection potential range determined in the step 1, and performing a slow strain rate tensile experiment on the pre-charged hydrogen sample to obtain tensile strain-stress curves under different protection potentials and calculating fracture energy E and a section shrinkage rate;
step 3, based on the fracture energy E and the reduction of area obtained in the step 2, evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material under different protection potentials, and defining the loss of the reduction of area
Figure FDA0002211057450000011
And loss of energy at break IEThe following were used:
Figure FDA0002211057450000012
Figure FDA0002211057450000013
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002211057450000014
and EeRespectively representing the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material under different cathodic protection potentials;
Figure FDA0002211057450000015
and E0Respectively representing the reduction of area and the fracture energy of the material stretched at a slow strain rate in an air medium; the combined loss rate is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002211057450000016
with I∑20% is defined as the corresponding protection potential before the embrittlement potential (i.e. I)∑Less than or equal to 20 percent), the material has better plasticity, the cathode protection is effective, and the hydrogen embrittlement failure can not be caused; after the protective potential is negative to the embrittlement potential, then I∑More than 20 percent, the material has serious plasticity loss and risks hydrogen embrittlement failure.
2. A method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials in the cathodic protection process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the samples are selected for experiment in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution at 20 ℃.
3. A method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials in the cathodic protection process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the samples are selected for experiment in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution at 20 ℃.
4. A method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials in cathodic protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the slow strain rate tensile test is performed at 10%-6The strain rate in/s is stretched until the specimen breaks.
5. A method of assessing the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of materials during cathodic protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the sample is pre-charged with hydrogen at different protection potentials selected, for example, for 6-24 hours, to allow sufficient time for hydrogen atoms to enter the interior of the material.
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CN115014955B (en) * 2022-05-31 2024-06-25 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 Test method for simulating hydrogen embrittlement of buried pipeline under interference current and cathodic protection

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