CN112537525A

CN112537525A - Sample storage device and method for rock and soil detection

Info

Publication number: CN112537525A
Application number: CN202011275548.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨晓晨; 贾男
Original assignee: Eastern Liaoning University
Current assignee: Eastern Liaoning University; Shenyang Research Institute Co Ltd of CCTEG
Priority date: 2020-11-16
Filing date: 2020-11-16
Publication date: 2021-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-16
Also published as: CN112537525B

Abstract

The invention discloses a sample storage device and a method for rock-soil detection, which comprises a box body, wherein a box cover is arranged on the box body, grooves are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the box body, the grooves are annular, a plurality of pulleys are symmetrically and slidably connected in the grooves on two sides, the pulleys on two sides are connected through connecting rods, the connecting rods are rotatably connected with the pulleys, riveting seats are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the tail end of each connecting rod, two adjacent riveting seats are rotatably connected through connecting plates, a polygon prism is rotatably connected on each connecting rod, a plurality of placing grooves for storing rock-soil samples are arranged on the side surfaces of the polygon prism, cover plates are rotatably connected on the placing grooves, the rock-soil samples can be classified according to each surface of the different polygon prisms, and meanwhile, a user can take and check any rock-soil sample in the box body without stretching a hand into the box body, great convenience is brought to use.

Description

Sample storage device and method for rock and soil detection

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a sample storage device and a method for rock and soil detection.

Background

Geological exploration is investigation and research activities of surveying and detecting geology through various means and methods, determining a proper bearing stratum, determining a foundation type according to the foundation bearing capacity of the bearing stratum and calculating foundation parameters. Rock and soil (rock and soil) is a general term for any kind of rock and soil that make up the earth's crust from an engineering construction point of view. Generally, when sampling and storing rock soil, the collected rock soil is filled into a plastic self-sealing bag, and then a marking pen is used for marking on the bag body, but in the mode, when the sampling area is large, the sampling amount is large, and different rock soil is distinguished at a sampling point, later-stage sample searching is inconvenient, and when the rock soil sample is heavy, the rock soil sample is not suitable to be carried for a long distance, and the rock soil is easy to shake and scatter in the process of storing and moving.

Chinese document CN 206528789U discloses a safe and efficient clinical laboratory sample storage cabinet, which comprises a cabinet body, wherein a plurality of laminates arranged in parallel are transversely arranged in the cabinet body, and the inner walls of the two sides of the cabinet body are symmetrically provided with a plurality of groups of chutes corresponding to the laminate plates, the two ends of the laminate plates are connected with the chutes in a sliding way through slide blocks, the laminate plates are of hollow structures, and the upper surface of the laminate is provided with a plurality of groups of storage tanks with upward openings, the side wall of the laminate is also provided with a plurality of rotating buttons, the rotating button penetrates through the side wall of the laminate and is connected with a threaded rod, the threaded rod is positioned between the two groups of storage tanks, a plurality of sleeves corresponding to the storage tanks are sleeved on the threaded rod, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with threads matched with the surface of the threaded rod, the surface of the sleeve is provided with annular rotary grooves, although the device can be used for classifying and storing the samples, the device is inconvenient for workers to search and take the samples.

In order to solve the problems, a sample storage device and a method for rock and soil detection are designed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a sample storage device and a sample storage method for rock and soil detection, which aim to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a ground detects uses sample strorage device, includes the box, be equipped with the case lid on the box, the inner wall bilateral symmetry of box is equipped with the recess, the recess is the annular, both sides equal symmetric sliding connection has a plurality of pulleys in the recess, both sides the pulley all is connected through the connecting rod, the connecting rod all is connected with the pulley rotation, the equal symmetry in terminal both sides of connecting rod is equipped with the riveting seat, and two are adjacent all rotate through the connecting plate between the riveting seat and connect, all rotate on the connecting rod and be connected with the polygon prism, the side of polygon prism all is equipped with a plurality of standing grooves that are used for depositing the ground sample, all rotate on the standing groove and be connected with the apron, all be equipped with the spacing subassembly that prevents the apron and drop on the polygon prism, all be equipped with the fixed subassembly that prevents the ground sample and.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the limiting assembly comprises a fixing plate arranged on the cover plate, empty grooves corresponding to the fixing plate are formed in the polygon prism, first sliding grooves corresponding to the empty grooves are formed in the polygon prism, a clamping block is connected to the first sliding grooves in a sliding mode, a plurality of springs fixedly connected with the clamping block are arranged in the first sliding grooves, a fixing block is arranged at the upper end of the clamping block, through grooves convenient for the fixing block to pass through are formed in the polygon prism, clamping grooves corresponding to the first sliding grooves are formed in the fixing plate, and the clamping block is connected with the clamping grooves in a sliding mode.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the fixing assembly comprises a second sliding groove arranged on four sides of the plurality of placing grooves, limiting rods are arranged in the second sliding groove, limiting blocks are connected to the limiting rods in a sliding mode, clamping plates fixedly connected with the four limiting blocks are arranged in the placing grooves, and a second spring fixedly connected with the lower ends of the same clamping plates is arranged on the limiting rods.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the lower extreme four corners of box all is equipped with flexible post, the equal sliding connection of lower extreme of flexible post has the sleeve, the lower extreme of flexible post is equipped with the slider that is located the sleeve, all be equipped with the spring three of being connected with the slider in the sleeve, telescopic lower extreme all is equipped with the universal wheel, all be equipped with the brake block on the universal wheel.

As a still further scheme of the invention: handles are arranged on two sides of the box body.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the number of the ribs on the polygon prism is not less than five.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the upper end of the fixed block is provided with anti-skid lines.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the opposite sides of the clamping plate and the cover plate are provided with spongy cushions.

As a still further scheme of the invention: and the surfaces of the limiting rods are provided with wear-resistant layers.

The invention also discloses a storage method of the sample storage device for rock and soil detection, which comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, placing rock and soil samples into a plastic self-sealing bag, classifying the rock and soil samples according to each surface of different polygonal prisms, simultaneously stirring a plurality of polygonal prisms to move, stirring the corresponding polygonal prisms to a position close to the upper end of a box body, then rotating the polygonal prisms to enable the surfaces corresponding to the polygonal prisms to rotate to the upper side, and finding a plurality of placing grooves on one side of the polygonal prisms corresponding to the rock and soil samples;

s2: according to the kind of ground sample, stir corresponding fixed block and make the fixture block extract from the draw-in groove, thereby open the apron, press splint downwards simultaneously, make splint lapse and extrusion spring two, place the ground sample on splint again, cover the apron simultaneously, the hand that will stir the fixed block is loosened, make spring one restore to the throne through the spring action of spring and promote the fixture block and indent to the draw-in groove in, buckle through fixture block and draw-in groove is connected, fix the apron on the standing groove, after the apron covers simultaneously, the pressure that splint received disappears, a plurality of spring two will restore to the throne through the spring action and promote the splint rebound, make splint promote ground sample rebound, and fix ground sample centre gripping through the apron.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, rock soil samples can be classified according to each surface of different polygonal columns, and meanwhile, when a user needs to take the rock soil samples, the corresponding polygonal columns can be shifted to the position close to the upper end of the box body, and meanwhile, the polygonal columns are rotated to enable one surfaces of the polygonal columns for storing the rock soil samples to rotate to the upper side, so that the user can take and check any rock soil samples in the box body without stretching hands into the box body, and great convenience is brought to use;

2. the cover plate can be fixed on the placing groove through the buckling connection of the clamping block and the clamping groove and the elastic action of the first spring, so that the rock-soil sample is prevented from falling off in the moving process, and meanwhile, when the rock-soil sample needs to be taken out, the fixing block is pulled to be pulled out of the clamping groove, so that the rock-soil sample is convenient to store and take;

3. the clamp plate is pushed by the second spring to move upwards, so that rock and soil samples with different sizes are fixed through the clamping action of the clamp plate and the cover plate, and the rock and soil samples can be prevented from being scattered due to vibration in the moving process;

4. according to the rock soil sample storage device, due to the arrangement of the universal wheels, when rock soil samples stored in the box body are excessive, the box body can be pushed to move through the universal wheels, so that the box body does not need to be carried, a large amount of manpower is saved, and the flexibility of the device is enhanced;

5. when the box met the road surface of unevenness and received when jolting at the in-process that removes, flexible post will be to the internal indentation of sleeve, through sleeve extrusion spring three simultaneously, through the spring action of multiunit spring three, what buffering some box received jolts, prevents that the spare part in the box from receiving violent vibrations and damaging.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a front cross section of a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pulley in a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a placing groove in a sample storing device for rock and soil detection.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a limiting assembly in a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fixing member in a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a universal wheel in a sample storage device for geotechnical detection.

Wherein: 1. the box, 2, case lid, 3, handle, 4, recess, 5, pulley, 6, connecting rod, 7, riveting seat, 8, connecting plate, 9, polygon prism, 10, standing groove, 11, apron, 12, fixed plate, 13, dead slot, 14, draw-in groove, 15, spout one, 16, fixture block, 17, spring one, 18, fixed block, 19, logical groove, 20, spout two, 21, gag lever post, 22, splint, 23, stopper, 24, spring two, 25, flexible post, 26, sleeve, 27, slider, 28, spring three, 29, universal wheel, 30, brake block.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-7, in the embodiment of the invention, a sample storage device for rock and soil detection comprises a box body 1, a box cover 2 is arranged on the box body 1, grooves 4 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the box body 1, the grooves 4 are annular, a plurality of pulleys 5 are symmetrically and slidably connected in the grooves 4 on two sides, the pulleys 5 on two sides are connected through connecting rods 6, the connecting rods 6 are rotatably connected with the pulleys 5, riveting seats 7 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the tail end of each connecting rod 6, two adjacent riveting seats 7 are rotatably connected through a connecting plate 8, a polygon prism 9 is rotatably connected on each connecting rod 6, a plurality of placing grooves 10 for storing rock and soil samples are arranged on the side surfaces of the polygon 9, cover plates 11 are rotatably connected on the placing grooves 10, so that when rock and soil samples need to be stored, the rock and soil samples are firstly placed in a plastic self-sealing bag, then the rock soil samples are placed into the placing grooves 10 on different polygonal columns 9, so that a user can classify the rock soil samples according to each surface of different polygonal columns 9 to conveniently take and search at the later stage, meanwhile, when the rock soil samples need to be taken, the user can rotate the polygonal columns 9 to search each surface of the polygonal columns 9 through the rotating connection of the polygonal columns 9 and the connecting rods 6, meanwhile, the user can stir the polygonal columns 9 to move through the rotating connection of the pulleys 5 and the grooves 4, so that the different polygonal columns 9 can be searched, meanwhile, a certain distance can be kept between every two polygonal columns 9 through the limiting effect of the connecting plates 8, the plurality of polygonal columns 9 are prevented from being stacked together, so that when the user takes the rock soil samples, the corresponding polygonal columns 9 can be stirred to the position close to the upper end of the box body 1, and meanwhile, the polygonal columns 9 can be rotated to enable one surface of the polygonal columns 9 for storing the rock soil samples to rotate to the upper side, therefore, a user can take and check any rock and soil sample in the box body 1 without stretching a hand into the box body 1, and the use is greatly facilitated;

the polygon prism 9 is provided with limiting components for preventing the cover plate 11 from falling off, the limiting components comprise fixing plates 12 arranged on the cover plate 11, empty slots 13 corresponding to the fixing plates 12 are arranged on the polygon prism 9, sliding slots 15 corresponding to the empty slots 13 are arranged on the polygon prism 9, clamping blocks 16 are connected in the sliding slots 15 in a sliding mode, a plurality of springs 17 fixedly connected with the clamping blocks 16 are arranged in the sliding slots 15, fixing blocks 18 are arranged at the upper ends of the clamping blocks 16, through slots 19 convenient for the fixing blocks 18 to pass through are arranged on the polygon prism 9, clamping grooves 14 corresponding to the sliding slots 15 are arranged on the fixing plates 12, the clamping blocks 16 are connected with the clamping grooves 14 in a sliding mode, and therefore when rock and soil samples are placed in the placing groove 10, a user can push the fixing blocks 18 to enable the clamping blocks 16 to retract into the sliding slots 15 and extrude the springs 17, then, a user can cover the cover plate 11 on the placing groove 10, meanwhile, the fixing plate 12 is matched with the empty groove 13, then, the user can release hands, the pressure on the first spring 17 disappears, the first spring resets through the elastic force of the spring, the clamping block 16 is pushed to retract into the clamping groove 14, the cover plate 11 can be fixed on the placing groove 10 through the buckling connection of the clamping block 16 and the clamping groove 14, the rock-soil sample can be prevented from falling off in the moving process, meanwhile, when the rock-soil sample needs to be taken out, the fixing block 18 is pushed to enable the clamping block 16 to be pulled out of the clamping groove 14, and therefore the cover plate 11 can be opened without limitation, and the use is facilitated;

the placing groove 10 is internally provided with a fixing component for preventing the rock soil sample from scattering, the fixing component comprises two sliding grooves 20 arranged at four sides of the placing groove 10, the two sliding grooves 20 are internally provided with limiting rods 21, the limiting rods 21 are respectively connected with limiting blocks 23 in a sliding manner, the placing groove 10 is internally provided with clamping plates 22 fixedly connected with the four limiting blocks 23, the limiting rods 21 are respectively provided with a second spring 24 fixedly connected with the lower ends of the same clamping plates 22, therefore, when the rock soil sample is required to be placed in the placing groove 10, the clamping plates 22 are pressed downwards by hands, the clamping plates 22 slide downwards through the sliding connection of the limiting rods 21 and the limiting blocks 23, the second springs 24 are simultaneously extruded, then a user can place the rock soil sample on the clamping plates 22 and clamp the cover plate 11 at the same time, and after the pressure on the clamping plates 22 disappears, the second springs 24 can reset through the elastic force to push the clamping plates 22 to move upwards, therefore, the rock-soil samples are pushed to move upwards by the clamping plates 22 and are clamped and fixed by the cover plates 11, so that the rock-soil samples with different sizes can be fixed, and the rock-soil samples are prevented from being scattered due to vibration in the moving process;

the four corners of the lower end of the box body 1 are provided with telescopic columns 25, the lower ends of the telescopic columns 25 are connected with sleeves 26 in a sliding mode, the lower ends of the telescopic columns 25 are provided with sliders 27 positioned in the sleeves 26, springs three 28 connected with the sliders 27 are arranged in the sleeves 26, universal wheels 29 are arranged at the lower ends of the sleeves 26, and brake pads 30 are arranged on the universal wheels 29, so that when rock and soil samples stored in the box body 1 are too many, a user can push the box body 1 to move through the universal wheels 29, and can brake and fix the universal wheels 29 through the brake pads 30, so that the box body 1 does not need to be carried, a large amount of manpower is saved, the flexibility of the device is enhanced, meanwhile, when the road surface encountered by the box body 1 in the moving process is bumpy, the telescopic columns 25 retract into the sleeves 26, and meanwhile, the springs three springs 28 are extruded through the sleeves 26, through the elastic force action of the plurality of groups of springs III 28, the jolt on a part of the box body 1 can be buffered, so that the parts in the box body 1 can be prevented from being damaged due to severe vibration;

the handles 3 are arranged on the two sides of the box body 1, so that a user can carry the box body 1 through the handles 3, and the use is convenient;

the number of the ribs on the polygonal column 9 is not less than five, so that the number of the upper side surfaces of the polygonal column 9 can be increased, and the device can store more rock and soil samples;

the upper ends of the fixing blocks 18 are provided with anti-skid threads, so that when a user pushes the fixing blocks 16 to move through the fixing blocks 18, the friction force between the fixing blocks 18 and the hands of the user can be increased, and the fixing blocks 18 are pushed more conveniently;

the sponge pads are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the clamping plate 22 and the cover plate 11, so that the surfaces of the clamping plate 22 and the cover plate 11 are softer, and the protection effect on rock soil samples in the placing groove 10 can be enhanced;

the surface of the limiting rod 21 is provided with a wear-resistant layer, so that the limiting rod 21 can be prevented from being abraded due to long-time friction, and the service life of the device is prevented from being influenced.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when rock soil samples need to be stored, the rock soil samples are firstly placed into the plastic self-sealing bag, then a user can classify the rock soil samples according to each surface of different polygonal prisms 9, the rock soil samples are placed into the placing grooves 10 on the corresponding polygonal prisms 9, meanwhile, the user can pull the fixing blocks 18 to enable the clamping blocks 16 to be pulled out of the clamping grooves 14, so that the cover plate 11 is opened, then the user can press the clamping plates 22 downwards through hands to enable the clamping plates 22 to slide downwards through the sliding connection of the limiting rods 21 and the limiting blocks 23, meanwhile, the second springs 24 are squeezed, then the user can place the rock soil samples on the clamping plates 22, meanwhile, the cover plate 11 is covered, the hands which pull the fixing blocks 18 are loosened, at the moment, the pressure which is born by the first springs 17 disappears, the first springs can reset through the elastic action of the springs, the clamping blocks 16 are pushed to retract into the clamping grooves 14 and are connected, the cover plate 11 is fixed on the placing groove 10, so that the rock soil sample is prevented from falling in the moving process, after the cover plate 11 covers, the pressure on the clamping plate 22 disappears, the second springs 24 can reset through the elastic force to push the clamping plate 22 to move upwards, the rock soil sample is pushed to move upwards through the clamping plate 22, the rock soil sample is clamped and fixed through the cover plate 11, the rock soil sample is prevented from scattering due to vibration in the moving process, when a user needs to take the rock soil sample, the user can rotate the polygon prism 9 to search each surface of the polygon prism 9, meanwhile, the user can stir the polygon prism 9 to move through the rotating connection of the pulley 5 and the groove 4, the different polygon prisms 9 are searched, therefore, the corresponding polygon prism 9 can be shifted to the position close to the upper end of the box body 1, and the polygon prism 9 is rotated to enable one surface of the polygon prism 9 for storing the rock soil sample to rotate to the upper side, therefore, a user does not need to stretch hands into the box body 1, any rock and soil sample in the box body 1 can be taken and checked, and great convenience is brought to use.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a ground detects uses sample strorage device, includes box (1), its characterized in that: the box body (1) is provided with a box cover (2), grooves (4) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the box body (1), the grooves (4) are annular, two sides of each groove (4) are symmetrically and slidably connected with a plurality of pulleys (5), the pulleys (5) are connected with each other through connecting rods (6), each connecting rod (6) is rotatably connected with the corresponding pulley (5), riveting seats (7) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the tail end of each connecting rod (6), two adjacent riveting seats (7) are rotatably connected with each other through connecting plates (8), a polygon prism (9) is rotatably connected onto each connecting rod (6), a plurality of placing grooves (10) used for storing rock and soil samples are arranged on the side surfaces of the polygon prism (9), cover plates (11) are rotatably connected onto the placing grooves (10), and limiting assemblies for preventing the cover plates (11) from falling off are arranged on the polygon prism (9), all be equipped with the fixed subassembly that prevents ground sample scattering in standing groove (10).

2. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting assembly comprises a fixing plate (12) arranged on a cover plate (11), empty grooves (13) corresponding to the fixing plate (12) are formed in a polygon prism (9), sliding grooves (15) corresponding to the empty grooves (13) are formed in the polygon prism (9), a clamping block (16) is connected in the sliding grooves (15) in a sliding mode, a plurality of springs (17) fixedly connected with the clamping block (16) are arranged in the sliding grooves (15), a fixing block (18) is arranged at the upper end of the clamping block (16), a through groove (19) convenient for the fixing block (18) to pass through is formed in the polygon prism (9), clamping grooves (14) corresponding to the sliding grooves (15) are formed in the fixing plate (12), and the clamping block (16) is connected with the clamping grooves (14) in a sliding mode.

3. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing assembly comprises two sliding grooves (20) formed in four sides of the plurality of placing grooves (10), limiting rods (21) are arranged in the two sliding grooves (20), limiting blocks (23) are connected to the limiting rods (21) in a sliding mode, clamping plates (22) fixedly connected with the four limiting blocks (23) are arranged in the placing grooves (10), and two springs (24) fixedly connected with the lower ends of the same clamping plates (22) are arranged on the limiting rods (21).

4. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 1, wherein: the lower extreme four corners of box (1) all is equipped with flexible post (25), the equal sliding connection of lower extreme of flexible post (25) has sleeve (26), the lower extreme of flexible post (25) is equipped with slider (27) that are located sleeve (26), all be equipped with spring three (28) of being connected with slider (27) in sleeve (26), the lower extreme of sleeve (26) all is equipped with universal wheel (29), all be equipped with brake block (30) on universal wheel (29).

5. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 1, wherein: handles (3) are arranged on two sides of the box body (1).

6. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the ribs on the polygon prism (9) is not less than five.

7. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 2, wherein: the upper ends of the fixing blocks (18) are provided with anti-skid lines.

8. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 3, wherein: and sponge cushions are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the clamping plate (22) and the cover plate (11).

9. The sample storage device for geotechnical detection according to claim 3, wherein: and the surfaces of the limiting rods (21) are provided with wear-resistant layers.

10. A method for storing a sample storage device for geotechnical examination in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, rock soil samples are placed in plastic self-sealing bags, then the rock soil samples are classified according to each surface of different polygonal columns (9), the polygonal columns (9) are shifted to move, the corresponding polygonal columns (9) are shifted to positions close to the upper end of the box body (1), then the polygonal columns (9) are rotated to enable the corresponding surfaces of the polygonal columns (9) to rotate to the upper side, and a plurality of placing grooves (10) on one side of the polygonal columns (9) corresponding to the rock soil samples are found;

s2: according to the type of the rock soil sample, the corresponding fixing block (18) is shifted to enable the clamping block (16) to be pulled out from the clamping groove (14), so that the cover plate (11) is opened, the clamping plate (22) is pressed downwards at the same time, the clamping plate (22) slides downwards and extrudes the second spring (24), the rock soil sample is placed on the clamping plate (22), the cover plate (11) is covered at the same time, a hand for shifting the fixing block (18) is loosened, the first spring (17) resets and pushes the clamping block (16) to retract into the clamping groove (14) through the elastic force action of the spring, the clamping block (16) is connected with the clamping groove (14) in a buckling mode, the cover plate (11) is fixed on the placing groove (10), meanwhile, after the cover plate (11) is covered, the pressure borne by the clamping plate (22) disappears, the second springs (24) reset and push the clamping plate (22) to move upwards through the elastic force action, and the clamping plate (22), and the rock-soil sample is clamped and fixed through the cover plate (11).