CN112534135A - 机械制冷系统 - Google Patents

机械制冷系统 Download PDF

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CN112534135A
CN112534135A CN201980048872.6A CN201980048872A CN112534135A CN 112534135 A CN112534135 A CN 112534135A CN 201980048872 A CN201980048872 A CN 201980048872A CN 112534135 A CN112534135 A CN 112534135A
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cylinder
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L·祖尼加曼佳斯
A·G·拉莫斯拉莫斯
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Aofu Technology Stp Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • F25B31/023Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of reciprocating-piston type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B31/00Free-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids; Systems incorporating such pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/008Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being a fluid transmission link
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B5/00Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons
    • F04B5/02Machines or pumps with differential-surface pistons with double-acting pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/103Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber
    • F04B9/105Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/111Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
    • F04B9/113Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/12Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
    • F04B9/129Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/131Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及制冷系统的压缩设备的特别构造及其致动方法。该设备包括通过可动杆(11)连接在一起的成对双作用缸(8、9),使得第一缸(8)用作用于压缩制冷剂流体的元件,为此目的,该杆运动通过第二缸(9),其被供给有受压流体,通过使用杆(11)的限位开关来控制的一系列分支和阀,该受压流体允许第一缸中的制冷剂液体流量以及第二缸的受压流体流量在两个设备的出口处都是恒定的。因此,获得了不需要电力或任何类型的燃料的完全自主的设备。

Description

机械制冷系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械制冷系统,即其不需要电能以及任何类型的燃料来运行,这使其尤其适用于没有电的地方,或者仅仅期望有一种仅需要受压水流来运行的完全自主的制冷系统的地方。
背景技术
已知有无数基于闭合流路的制冷系统,流体循环通过该闭合流路,该流体被压缩,从而升高其温度。然后,使所述流体穿过冷凝器,通过该冷凝器提取在所述压缩过程中产生的一部分热量,使得,在所述冷凝器的出口处设有膨胀阀,流体经过该膨胀阀之后损失压力,从而导致其蒸发。在该过程中,气体被冷却,并且所述过程在用作蒸发器的盘管中进行,此后,可以对冷腔室制冷,冷却空调装备的空气,等等。
该类型的设备/系统存在缺陷,关于该缺陷,应提及以下方面:
它们使用电动压缩机,这涉及对电的明显不期望的依赖。
所使用的压缩机类型包括受热的马达,这会对系统性能产生负面影响。
为了改善这些系统的性能,已知一些制冷系统,这些制冷系统基于吸收循环、即基于某些物质在液相中吸收其他物质的蒸气的能力。因此,它们是双部件系统,其中,一种物质溶解在另一种物质中,通过施加热量从溶液中提取两种物质中的一种然后将其重新吸收到溶液中而发生冷却。
与传统的压缩系统相比,吸收式制冷系统的优势在于其具有较低的电力需求,但所述电力需求被热需求所代替。
在任何情况下,该类型的系统具有极高的制造成本,并且这些系统还在其所能达到的最低温度方面受到很大限制。
获得制冷系统的另一种方式在文献WO 2004/11155中进行了描述,其中,使用了往复式压缩机,所述往复式压缩机由缸形成,该缸带有与制冷流路相关联的活塞,所述缸进而由另一动力缸致动,从而使得两个缸通过共用的杆相互连接在一起。
尽管可以通过这种方式获得机械压缩机,但实际情况是,该文献中描述的设备设想了用于动力缸的极为复杂的致动系统,其包括锅炉、电子部件以及大量管线和冲击泵,从结构复杂性、对燃料的依赖以及对电力的依赖等角度来看,这些对设备产生非常负面的影响,这意味着制冷系统决不能视为自主的。
发明内容
所提出的制冷系统构成了结构上非常简单的机械致动系统,该系统不需要电或化石燃料,非常经济高效,完全自主,并且具有比常规系统更好的性能。
为此,并且基于基本制冷系统的常规结构,其中,限定有用于冷却剂流体的闭合流路,该闭合流路包括压缩所述流体而导致其温度升高的压缩设备,其中,使所述流体穿过冷凝器,通过该冷凝器提取在所述压缩过程中产生的一部分热量,由此,在所述冷凝器的出口处设有膨胀阀,流体流过该膨胀阀之后失去压力而导致其蒸发,在该过程中,气体被冷却,并且该冷气被用于对应的应用,而所述流体被重新循环回到压缩设备;本发明的特征涉及所述压缩设备的特别构造,并且更具体地涉及其致动装置。
基于此,更具体地,压缩设备形成为成对的双作用缸,这些双作用缸通过其可动杆连接在一起。
因此,双作用缸中的一个始终用作制冷剂流体的压缩系统,在其既用作入口又用作出口的两个进气口中的每个处均分别设有成对的分支,这些分支通过止回阀串联连接到常规制冷流路,从而使所述流体通过一个或另一个分支离开压缩流路,而相反的分支用作进入流体的抽吸元件。
对于第二双作用缸,根据本发明的本质,为了使该缸以往复且恒常的方式作业,即为了使其在一个方向上运动时以及在相反方向上运动时作业,可以设想,与该缸的两个腔室连接的两个进气口连接到两个分支,每个分支都有各自的开/关阀,在相对的分支之间存在两两相对的连通,在该连通点处分别设有受压水入口和水出口。
以此方式,通过控制各分支的阀,受压水可以被传递到双作用缸中的一个或另一个腔室中,这意味着,当一个腔室充满受压水时,另一个腔室被排空并且所述水朝系统的出口重新循环,且一旦柱塞到达其在缸内的行程极限,就将过程逆转。
为了该过程完全机械地且自动地进行,连结两个双作用缸的外杆将在其中间区域中并入致动器,其具有限位开关,该限位开关与用于打开和关闭与所述第二双作用缸的受压水供应流路相关联的分支中的阀的装置同步。
由此,通过自动作用于不同分支中的阀的打开和关闭,实现了受压水从其入口到出口的恒定流动,这总是导致连结两个缸的杆在一个方向或另一个方向上往复运动,由此导致在第一双作用缸或压缩缸的腔室中的往复压缩过程,该压缩过程用于执行对制冷剂流体的压缩。
关于用于系统的受压水的供应,它不会造成通过其中的水的任何损失或任何类型的污染,因此可以串联安装在水在其中始终运动的任何供水管道中,且约2Kg/cm2的压力足以使机构运动。
根据本发明的一个变型实施例,并且为了系统的可能的最大自主性,已经设想的是,受压水供应系统形成为闭合流路,该闭合流路连接到上述供应分支的入口和出口以及系统的出口,以便在所述闭合流路中串联布置有:热交换器,该热交换器旨在冷却离开系统的水;止回阀,该止回阀确保由于由温差导致压差而致的水的循环和单向流动;以及真空管太阳能收集器,通过该真空管太阳能收集器可实现其出口处的水压的显著增加,从而以闭合流路为系统供应,如前所述的那样。
由于制冷流路中导致气体压缩的装置本身是独立的,故而它们不会对所述气体的温度产生负面影响,因为其并非由于摩擦被加热,所以这种类型的设施的性能将比常规设施好得多。
附图说明
作为对本文中将要进行的描述的补充,并且为了有助于能够更好地理解本发明的特征,根据本发明的优选示例性实施例,所述描述附有一组附图作为其组成部分,其中,作为示意而非限制,体现以下内容:
图1示出了根据本发明的目的实施的机械制冷系统的示意图,其对应于两个双作用缸共用的杆向左运动的瞬间。
图2示出了类似于图1的视图,但是对应于共用的杆向右运动。
图3和4分别示出了类似于图1和2的视图,但是对应于完全自主的变型实施例,其中,不需要外部受压水的输入,这是因为通过基于真空管太阳能收集器的系统在闭合流路中提供所述受压水。
具体实施方式
参考所提到的附图,可以看出本发明的系统是如何从用于制冷系统的常规结构开始的,其中,限定了用于制冷剂流体的闭合流路(1),该闭合流路压缩设备(2),该压缩设备连接到冷凝器(3),通过该冷凝器提取在所述压缩过程中产生的一部分热量(4),在所述冷凝器(3)的出口处设有膨胀阀(5),流体经过该膨胀阀之后失去压力,使得该流体在蒸发器(6)中蒸发,其中产生冷气(7),该冷气用于被认为是合适的应用,该蒸发器与压缩设备(2)以闭合流路连通,其中,所述流路可包括通常的附件,比如放泄阀(10)、安全阀等。
进而,压缩设备(2)形成为成对的双作用缸(8-9),该成对的双作用缸通过两者共用的可动杆(11)连接在一起。
因此,第一双作用缸(8)用作用于制冷剂流体的压缩系统,在它的既用作入口又用作出口的两个进气口(12-13)处具有相应成对的分支(14-15)、(16-17),这些分支通过止回阀(18)与主制冷流路(1)串联连接。
进而,第二双作用缸(9)是执行在第一缸(8)中执行的所有压缩工作的缸。
更具体地并且根据本发明的本质,已经设想的是,它的两个进气口(19-20)连接到两个分支(21-22)和(23-24),每个分支都有其各自的开/关阀(A、B、C和D),在相对的分支之间存在两两连通,在该连通点处设有受压水入口(25)和水出口(26)。
基于此,阀(A)和(C)的打开和关闭机械地同步,且阀(B)和(D)也是如此,使得,根据图1,当阀(A)和(C)打开且因此阀(B)和(D)关闭时,受压水导致柱塞(27)向左运动,这进而导致第一双作用缸(8)的子腔室(28)中的冷却剂气体的压缩,以及所述缸(8)的子腔室(29)中的抽吸作用。
相反,当柱塞(27)到达其行程极限时,它会通过致动器(30)机械地逆转阀(A、B、C和D)的位置,其中,阀(A)和(C)被关闭而相应地阀(B)和(D)打开,如图2中所示,这将导致受压水引起柱塞(27)向右运动,这进而导致第一双作用缸(8)的子腔室(29)中的冷却剂气体的压缩,以及所述缸(8)的子腔室(28)中的抽吸作用,使得在两种情形中压缩气体都将始终导向冷凝器(3)。
通过自动地作用于不同分支的阀的打开和关闭,实现了受压水从其入口到出口的恒定流动,这始终导致连结两个缸的杆在一个方向或另一个方向上的往复运动,因而在第一双作用缸(8)的任一个腔室(28-29)中导致往复压缩过程,该压缩过程用于对冷却剂流体进行压缩。
如前所述,本发明的系统可以通过其入口(25)和其出口(26)串联连接到任何管道,水以足够的压力循环通过该管道,其中约2Kg/cm2的压力是足够的。
根据图3和4的变型实施例,为了获得不依赖于任何外部受压水源的完全自主的系统,已经设想的是,出口(26)和入口(25)以闭合回路(30)连接,以使出口(26)与热交换器(31)连通,该热交换器旨在冷却离开系统的水,并通过用以确保水的循环和单向流动的止回阀(32)与真空管太阳能收集器(33)连通,通过该真空管太阳能收集器在其出口处实现了水压的显著增加,从而为系统提供完全的自主性。
如前所述,已经通过实验发现,本发明的系统能够在2Kg/cm2的水压下工作,考虑到大多数真空管太阳能收集器可以提供约16Kg/cm2的水压,该系统可以根据需要倍增许多倍,以利用该过量的压力。

Claims (2)

1.一种机械制冷系统,所述机械制冷系统的类型为包括用于冷却剂流体的闭合流路(1),所述机械制冷系统包括压缩设备(2),所述压缩设备连接到冷凝器(3),通过所述冷凝器提取在压缩过程中产生的一部分热量(4),在所述冷凝器(3)的出口处设有膨胀阀(5),流体经过所述膨胀阀之后失去压力,使得所述流体在蒸发器(6)中蒸发,其中产生冷气(7),所述冷气用于相应的应用,所述蒸发器与压缩设备(2)以闭合流路连通,并且其中,所述压缩设备(2)形成为成对的双作用缸(8-9),所述成对的双作用缸通过其共用的可动杆(11)连接在一起,使得第一双作用缸(8)用作用于制冷剂流体的压缩系统,所述第一双作用缸在它的既用作入口又用作出口的两个进气口(12-13)处具有相应成对的分支(14-15)、(16-17),这些分支通过止回阀(18)与主制冷流路(1)串联连接,其特征在于,第二双作用缸具有两个进气口(19-20),所述两个进气口对应于所述第二双作用缸的两个作业腔室,所述两个进气口中的每个分别连接到分支(21-22)和(23-24),在每个分支中都设有开/关阀(A、B、C和D),在相对的分支之间存在两两连通,在连通点处分别设有受压水入口(25)和所述水的出口(26),特点是,阀(A)和(C)的打开和关闭机械地同步并与阀(B)和(D)相反,且设置成,对应于两个缸共用的可动杆(11)设有致动器(30),所述致动器以其限位开关与用于逆转所述阀(A、B、C和D)位置的装置相关联。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机械制冷系统,所述出口(26)和所述入口(25)以闭合回路(30)连接,其中,在所述出口(26)之后串联地设有热交换器(31),所述热交换器通过止回阀(32)与供给所述入口(25)的真空管太阳能收集器(33)连通。
CN201980048872.6A 2018-07-22 2019-03-08 机械制冷系统 Pending CN112534135A (zh)

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