CN112529049A - Urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and urban green land species selection method - Google Patents

Urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and urban green land species selection method Download PDF

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CN112529049A
CN112529049A CN202011330250.3A CN202011330250A CN112529049A CN 112529049 A CN112529049 A CN 112529049A CN 202011330250 A CN202011330250 A CN 202011330250A CN 112529049 A CN112529049 A CN 112529049A
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孙清琳
郑元润
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Abstract

The invention relates to an urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and an urban green land species selection method, which respectively measure 11 parameters related to species shade tolerance: apparent quantum efficiency, dark respiration rate, light saturation point, light compensation point, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal limitation, relative values of chlorophyll content of leaves, and specific leaf area of leaves. And (4) performing principal component analysis on the parameters, calculating the principal component score, membership function values and comprehensive index weight, and obtaining a comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation index D value. And calculating the comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation indexes of any two or more species, wherein the shade tolerance of the species with high comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation index D value is stronger than that of the species with low comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation index D value. The invention provides a technical method for screening urban green land species by comprehensively evaluating the shade tolerance of common green land species.

Description

Urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and urban green land species selection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of landscaping species screening, and particularly relates to an urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and an urban green land species selection method.
Background
The urban green land is the core of urban ecological environment construction, has irreplaceable effect on improving the urban ecological environment, and has important ecological, cultural and social values. Urban landscaping species are important components of the urban green land system, and the ecological adaptability of the green land component species is a key factor for determining the adaptability of the species in the whole green land during the construction of the urban green land. The selection of species suitable for urban green land growth has important significance for improving urban ecological environment, enhancing the natural disaster resistance of urban green land, improving urban livability and sustainable development, protecting urban biological diversity and promoting plant community and green land system stability.
The shading-resistant parameters are a series of indexes related to the shading resistance of plants, and the indexes comprise a certain correlation between the Apparent Quantum Efficiency (AQE), the dark respiration rate (Rd), the Light Saturation Point (LSP), the Light Compensation Point (LCP), the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the stomatal conductance (Cond), the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), the transpiration rate (Tr), the stomatal limitation (Ls), the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of leaves, the Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of the leaves and the like and the shading resistance of species. Because the shade tolerance is a composite character and is influenced by various factors, the evaluation result cannot be really reflected by only carrying out evaluation through a single shade tolerance parameter or a related index.
In recent years, the construction of urban green lands has received much attention, and urban green areas, the number and diversity of green species have increased, but many problems have arisen in the construction of green lands. In the past, species selection mainly researches the selection technology of the species in the green space from the aspects of life cycle, morphological characteristics, phenological characteristics, reproductive characteristics, cultural and scientific values and the like of the species. Although the physiological and ecological parameters of species have a greater impact on the growth and ecological adaptability of species for the same or similar environmental conditions, there are few reports analyzing the ecological adaptability of different species from a physiological and ecological perspective. The key parameters of the photosynthesis of the species are the basis of the research of the physiological ecology of the species, can well reflect the adaptability of the species to the luminous environment and also is the basis for evaluating the shade tolerance of the species.
Urban greening species need to be subjected to photosynthesis under proper illumination conditions to complete growth and development processes. Different species have different adaptability to external illumination environment conditions, and due to insufficient understanding of physiological and ecological characteristics of different species, species selection is often inappropriate. Such as: the introduction of green land species is not suitable for local climate and the green land species grow poorly, greatly affecting the function of urban green land systems. In order to maintain high system stability of greenbelts, greenbelts generally have a complex structure, and species in the lower layer of communities need to have strong shading resistance.
The species shading resistance is an important index that the species can grow well under the condition of weak light, the species shading resistance is closely related to physiological and ecological indexes of the species and external environment factors, and a single shading resistance index can only reflect the strength of the shading resistance from a certain level. The species shade tolerance is comprehensively determined by a plurality of characters, and comprehensive evaluation is carried out by using indexes as many as possible so as to more accurately reflect the shade tolerance of the species. However, in the prior art, a model and a method capable of comprehensively and objectively evaluating the shade tolerance of urban green land species do not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method and an urban green land species selection method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for evaluating shade tolerance of species in urban greenbelt respectively calculates the comprehensive evaluation indexes of shade tolerance of at least two species, wherein the species with high comprehensive evaluation index of shade tolerance has shade tolerance stronger than that of the species with low comprehensive evaluation index of shade tolerance; the shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps: measuring a plurality of shade-tolerant parameters, and performing principal component analysis according to the shade-tolerant parameters to obtain a shade-tolerant comprehensive index and a principal component score of each shade-tolerant comprehensive index; calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each shade tolerance comprehensive index according to each principal component score; and calculating a comprehensive shade-tolerant evaluation index according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each comprehensive shade-tolerant index.
Further, when the number of the species is more than or equal to three, performing cluster analysis on the obtained shade-tolerant comprehensive evaluation index of each species, and classifying the species into strong shade-tolerant species, general shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species.
Further, the shading-resistant parameters comprise apparent quantum efficiency, dark respiration rate, light saturation point, light compensation point, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal limitation, relative chlorophyll content value of the leaf and specific leaf area of the leaf.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring a photosynthetic light response curve of the species;
s2, fitting the light response curve by adopting a right-angle correction model to obtain light response parameters: apparent quantum efficiency, dark breathing rate, optical saturation point, optical compensation point;
s3, recording net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate and pore limit of the species when the species reach light saturation;
s4, measuring the relative value of chlorophyll content of the leaves, and calculating the specific leaf area of the species leaves;
s5, performing principal component analysis on all shade-tolerant parameters of all species measured in the steps S1-S4; calculating according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root to obtain a principal component load matrix, selecting i principal components for analysis and evaluation according to the characteristic root, wherein the principal components are comprehensive shading resistance indexes, and calculating a principal component score of each comprehensive shading resistance index;
and S6, calculating membership function values and the weight of the comprehensive index according to the characteristic root, the contribution rate, the accumulated contribution rate and the principal component score of each shading tolerance comprehensive index, and obtaining the shading tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D value of each species.
Further, the method for measuring the optical response curve in step S1 is as follows: measuring the light response curve of different species of leaves by using a photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the flow rate of the apparatus is 500mol/s, and the CO flow rate is 500mol/s2The supply concentration was 400. mu. mol. m-2·s-1(ii) a Controlling the photosynthetically active radiation by using an artificial red-blue light source, wherein the values of the photosynthetically active radiation R are respectively as follows: 1800 μmol. m-2·s-1，1500μmol·m-2·s-1，1200μmol·m-2·s-1， 1000μmol·m-2·s-1，800μmol·m-2·s-1，600μmol·m-2·s-1，400μmol·m-2·s-1， 200μmol·m-2·s-1，150μmol·m-2·s-1，100μmol·m-2·s-1，50μmol·m-2·s-1， 20μmol·m-2·s-1And 0. mu. mol. m-2·s-1。
Further, in step S2, the right-angle correction model formula is formula (1):
Figure BDA0002795571220000041
where α is the initial slope of the photoresponse curve, i.e., the apparent quantum efficiency of the species; beta and gamma are the inhibition and saturation coefficients, I is photosynthetically active radiation, and Rd is the dark respiration rate.
Further, in step S5, the principal component load matrix is calculated by equation (2), where equation (2) is,
Figure BDA0002795571220000042
wherein U is a principal component load matrix, A is a factor load matrix, and lambda is a characteristic root;
and selecting the main components for analysis and evaluation by taking the characteristic root more than 1 as a standard.
Further, in step S6, each of the shading resistance parameters is normalized, each principal component corresponding to the principal component score of each shading resistance general index is calculated from each of the normalized shading resistance parameters, a membership function value of each shading resistance general index is calculated according to formula (3), where formula (3) is,
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
wherein, mu (i) is a membership function value, Zi is the principal component score of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index, Zimax and Zimin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the principal component score of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index in all species; 1,2, 3.
Further, in the step S6, the synthetic index weight is calculated by formula (4), where the formula (4) is,
Figure 1
wherein Wi is the ith shade tolerance comprehensive index weight, Pi is the contribution rate of the ith shade tolerance comprehensive index, and n is the total number of the shade tolerance comprehensive indexes.
Further, in step S6, the shade-resistant overall evaluation index is calculated by equation (5), where equation (5) is,
Figure 3
wherein D is a species shade-tolerant comprehensive evaluation index, mu (i) is a membership function value of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index, and Wi is the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index weight.
An urban green land species selection method, wherein the urban green land species shading tolerance is evaluated by using the urban green land species shading tolerance evaluation method, and a strong shading species and/or a general shading species is/are selected as a species used in the urban green land.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the comprehensive shade-tolerant index which can reflect the shade tolerance of the species most can be obtained by analyzing the main components of the shade-tolerant parameters, namely the light intensity, pore factors, photosynthesis restriction and self-protection capability of the species are used as the comprehensive evaluation index of the shade tolerance of the species, so that the analysis result has more objectivity and effectiveness; meanwhile, according to the technical scheme of the invention, species with good shade tolerance can be screened out, good growth of the species in green space construction is ensured, loss caused by improper species selection is effectively reduced, and the function of an urban green space system is greatly improved.
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Fig. 1 is a cluster analysis diagram of the evaluation of shade-tolerance of each species in the embodiment of the method for evaluating shade-tolerance of urban green land species according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The urban green land species shade tolerance evaluation method disclosed by the invention is used for respectively calculating the shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation indexes of at least two species, wherein the species with high shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D value is stronger than the species with low shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D value; the shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps: measuring a plurality of shade-tolerant parameters, and performing principal component analysis according to the shade-tolerant parameters to obtain a score (Zi) of each principal component; calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each principal component according to the score of each principal component; and calculating a shading-resistant comprehensive evaluation index (D value) according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each main component, and performing cluster analysis on the D value to obtain a species shading-resistant grouping.
According to the method, the comprehensive shade-resistant index which can reflect the shade resistance of the species most can be obtained by analyzing the main components of the shade-resistant parameters, the limitation of traditional shade-resistant evaluation only by experience is overcome, the shade resistance of the species is evaluated from the aspects of light intensity, stomatal factors, photosynthesis limitation and self-protection capability of the species, and the shade-resistant characteristic of the species can be objectively understood; meanwhile, the method can be used for screening the green land species with stronger shade resistance, and reduces the loss caused by improper species screening.
The shading-resistant parameters of the invention are Apparent Quantum Efficiency (AQE), dark respiration rate (Rd), Light Saturation Point (LSP), Light Compensation Point (LCP), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal restriction (Ls), relative chlorophyll content value (SPAD) of the leaf and Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of the leaf.
The evaluation method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, measuring a photosynthetic light response curve of the species; the measurement method of the optical response curve comprises the following steps: measuring the light response curve of different species of leaves by using a photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the flow rate of the apparatus is 500mol/s, and the CO flow rate is 500mol/s2The supply concentration was 400. mu. mol. m-2·s-1；
Control of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, μmol. m) using artificial red and blue light sources-2·s-1) The values of PAR are respectively: 1800, 1500, 1200, 1000, 800, 600, 400, 200, 150, 100, 50, 20 and 0.
S2, fitting the light response curve by adopting a right-angle correction model to obtain light response parameters: apparent Quantum Efficiency (AQE), dark breathing rate (Rd), Light Saturation Point (LSP), Light Compensation Point (LCP);
the right-angle correction model formula is formula (1):
Figure BDA0002795571220000071
where α is the initial slope of the photoresponse curve, i.e., the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE, μmol. m) of the species-2·s-1) (ii) a Beta and gamma are the inhibition and saturation coefficients, I is the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, μmol. m)-2·s-1) And Rd is the dark respiration rate (. mu. mol. m)-2·s-1)。
S3, recording net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and pore limitation (Ls) of the species when the species reach light saturation.
S4, measuring the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the leaves, and calculating the Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of the leaves; measuring the relative content value (SPAD) of the leaves of the species using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll apparatus; specific Leaf Area (SLA) is the ratio of the area of a single side of a leaf to its dry weight; wherein, the dry weight of the leaves is measured by adopting a drying method: after 1 hour of fixation in an oven at 105 ℃, the temperature was adjusted to 80 ℃ and dried to constant weight, and the weight of the dried leaves was weighed.
S5, performing principal component analysis by adopting SPSS21.0 software; calculating according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root (Eigenvalue) to obtain a principal component load matrix, and selecting n principal components for analysis and evaluation according to the contribution rate (contribution), the Cumulative contribution rate (cumulant) and the characteristic root (Eigenvalue), wherein each principal component is a comprehensive index of shade tolerance; calculating the principal component score Zi of each shade tolerance comprehensive index; wherein, i is 1,2, 3.. and n; the principal component load matrix is obtained by calculation according to a formula (2), wherein the formula (2) is,
Figure BDA0002795571220000072
wherein, U is a principal component load matrix, a is a factor load matrix, λ is a characteristic root, and i is 1,2, 3.
The principal component score Zi is calculated by normalizing each shade-resistance parameter and calculating according to a formula.
And S6, calculating membership function values and the weight of the comprehensive index according to the characteristic root (Eigenvalue), the contribution rate (contribution) and the Cumulative contribution rate (Cumulative) of each main component to obtain a shading resistance comprehensive evaluation index D value, and obtaining the shading resistance grade of the species through system clustering analysis.
Firstly, standardizing each shading-resistant parameter, then calculating principal component scores of each comprehensive index corresponding to i 1,2,3,.. n through each standardized shading-resistant parameter, calculating a membership function value of each principal component according to a formula (3), wherein the formula (3) is,
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
where μ (i) is the membership function value, the Zi principal component score, Zimax and Zimin are the maximum and minimum of the ith principal component score in all species, respectively.
The comprehensive index weight is calculated by a formula (4), wherein the formula (4) is,
Figure 5
where Wi represents the importance of the ith principal component in all principal components, and Pi represents the contribution rate of the ith principal component.
The shade-resistant comprehensive evaluation index is calculated by the formula (5), wherein the formula (5) is,
Figure 4
wherein, mu (i) is a membership function value, Zimax and Zimin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the principal component score of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index in all species, and D is a species shade-tolerant comprehensive evaluation index.
The urban green land species selection method of the present invention evaluates the shading tolerance of urban green land species using the above-described urban green land species shading tolerance evaluation method, and selects a strong shading-tolerant species and/or a general shading-tolerant species as a species used for urban green land.
When selecting urban green land species, the conditions of the green land range are evaluated in advance to obtain species shading tolerance suitable for the green land range, and then the species shading tolerance suitable for planting in the green land range is evaluated according to the evaluation method to obtain species suitable for planting in the green land range, so that the shading tolerance of the species is matched with the green land environmental conditions.
In the following examples, the shade-tolerance of 47 common species in urban greenbelt was evaluated by the method for evaluating shade-tolerance of urban greenbelt species according to the present invention.
Examples
In order to reduce errors caused by different environmental conditions, the experimental measurement species are all located in Beijing plantations of Chinese academy of sciences. The measurement objects are as follows: eucommia bark, gingko, magnolia biondii, liriodendron, acer truncatum, mercerized cotton, wild peach, Chinese soapberry, sophora japonica, walnut, quercus acutissima, dogwood, kalopanax formosanus, persimmon, ebony, malus micromalus, prunus cerasifolia, prunus cerasifera, prunus mume, prunus persica, beijing clove, salix chebula, shinyleaf yellowhorn, evergreen elm, tassel, elm, prunus humilis bunge, kenaf, fructus forsythiae, ligustrum japonicum, fruits, mallow, lonicera japonica, agaricus, viburnum, crape myrtle, cotinula, hibiscus syriacus, elderberry, euonymus dulcis, myrrha, celastrus cusia obulensis, Chinese rose, multiflora sinensis and bambushy bambusa.
The specific evaluation procedure was as follows:
separately, 11 shade tolerance parameters were measured for each species: net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal restriction (Ls), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), Apparent Quantum Efficiency (AQE), dark respiration rate (Rd), Light Saturation Point (LSP) and Light Compensation Point (LCP).
Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software; the SPSS21.0 software is adopted to carry out principal component analysis, and the specific analysis process is as follows:
and (3) main component analysis: calculating a factor load matrix, a characteristic root and a contribution rate by adopting SPSS21.0 software on the basis of 11 shading resistance parameters, wherein the specific results are shown in a table 1; and calculating a principal component load matrix through the following formula, wherein the specific principal component load matrix is shown in table 2:
Figure BDA0002795571220000091
according to table 2, the principal component analysis can divide 11 shading performance parameters into 3 comprehensive indexes, the contribution rates of the first three comprehensive indexes are 39.569%, 23.776% and 10.946%, the cumulative contribution rate is 74.291%, and the characteristic root is greater than 1, so the first three principal components are used as main factors for comprehensive evaluation of the shading performance of the species.
In the first principal component, coefficients of LSP, Pn, Cond, and Tr are relatively large, 0.378, 0.423, 0.446, and 0.385, respectively. These indices reflect mainly the species response to light intensity and pore factors. In the second main component, the coefficients of Rd, LCP, SPAD, Ci, SLA and Ls are larger and are respectively 0.414, 0.323, 0.407, -0.411, -0.382 and 0.411, and the photosynthesis limitation and the self-protection capability of the leaves of the species are mainly reflected. In the third main component, the AQE coefficient is relatively large and is 0.804, which mainly reflects the capability of the species to utilize weak light. Based on the analysis results of the first three main components, the light intensity, the stomatal factor, the photosynthesis restriction and the self-protection capability of the species are taken as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the species shading resistance, namely the comprehensive evaluation indexes respectively correspond to the main components 1,2 and 3.
TABLE 1 factor load matrix
Figure BDA0002795571220000101
TABLE 2 shade-tolerant parameter principal component load matrix
Figure BDA0002795571220000102
Figure BDA0002795571220000111
TABLE 3 comprehensive evaluation results of species shade tolerance
Figure BDA0002795571220000112
Figure BDA0002795571220000121
The 11 parameters are respectively normalized to obtain: ZAQE, ZRd, zlps, ZLCP, zpad, ZPn, ZCond, ZCi, ZTr, zscla, and ZLs, calculating the score for each principal component:
the calculation formula of the principal component score is as follows,
Zi＝UAQEi*ZAQE+URdi*ZRd+ULSPi*ZLSP+ULCPi*ZLCP+USPADi*ZSPAD+UPn i*ZPn+UCondi*ZCond+UCi*ZCi+UTri*ZTr+USLAi*ZSLA+ULsi*ZLs。
wherein Z is a value normalized for each shade-resistance parameter.
The specific calculation process according to the above formula is:
Z1＝0.005*ZAQE+0.266*ZRd+0.378*ZLSP+0.227*ZLCP+0.124*ZSPAD+0.4 23*ZPn+0.446*ZCond+0.296*ZCi+0.385*ZTr-0.137*ZSLA-0.295*ZLs
Z2＝0.248*ZAQE+0.414*ZRd-0.033*ZLSP+0.323*ZLCP+0.407*ZSPAD+0.0 35*ZPn-0.108*ZCond-0.411*ZCi+0.004*ZTr-0.382*ZSLA+0.411*ZLs
Z3＝0.804*ZAQE+0.244*ZRd+0.028*ZLSP-0.221*ZLCP+0.147*ZSPAD-0.1 08*ZPn-0.056*ZCond+0.218*ZCi-0.177*ZTr+0.285*ZSLA-0.221*ZLs
calculating the membership function value corresponding to each principal component according to the following formula:
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)；
in the present embodiment, i is 1,2, 3; zimin is the minimum of the Z values in column i of table 3; zimax is the maximum value among the Z values in column i in table 3, and the specific calculation result of μ (i) is:
μ1＝(Z1-(-4.63))/(5.71-(-4.63))；
μ2＝(Z2-(-3.37))/(3.08-(-3.37))；
μ3＝(Z3-(-2.71))/(2.12-(-2.71))。
calculating the comprehensive index weight of each principal component according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002795571220000131
W1＝39.569/74.291＝0.532；W2＝23.776/74.291＝0.316；
W3＝10.496/74.291＝0.143。
calculating the comprehensive evaluation index D value of the species according to the following formula:
Figure 2
D＝μ1*0.532+μ2*0.316+μ3*0.143。
the D value of each species was calculated separately by the above procedure and the shade-tolerance of each greenfield species was ranked according to the D value.
As a result of analyzing the shade-fastness of each species, it was shown from the data in table 3 that the D value of cercis chinensis was the largest and 0.7994, indicating that the shade-fastness was the strongest; the D value of the early bamboo was the smallest, 0.1930, indicating the weakest shade resistance. The analysis results in table 3 can determine the shade tolerance of the species, and can be used as a screening basis for the shade-tolerant species in urban green lands.
Clustering analysis: and performing systematic clustering analysis on the drought tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D values of different species by using SPSS software, wherein the clustering method adopts a Ward method and a squared Euclidean distance.
As shown in fig. 1, when the distance is less than 5, 47 greening species in the present embodiment can be classified into 3 types: strongly shade-tolerant species, generally shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species:
strongly shade-tolerant species: redbud, persimmon tree, shrubalthea and lagerstroemia indica;
general shade-tolerant species: fructus crataegi, Beijing clove, China rose, fringe, malus micromalus, viburnum sargentii, prunus persica, euonymus alatus, frozen green, Chinese scholartree, cotinus coggygria, common bombax, salix cheilowii, ligustrum japonicum, fructus forsythiae, euonymus alatus, prunus cerasifera, eucommia ulmoides, shiny-leaved yellowhorn, honeysuckle and ginkgo;
shade-intolerant species: meiren plum, quercus acutissima, walnut, kalopanax septemlobus, peeled elm, wingceltis, elderberry, litsea floribunda, elm leaf, mallow, northern China pearl plum, celastrus orbiculatus, magnolia senna, fruits, liriodendron, agaricus, dogwood, soap pod, juneberry, hemp, acer truncatum and early garden bamboo.
According to the evaluation method, by measuring key photosynthesis parameters, chlorophyll relative content, specific leaf area and the like of the species under the same environmental condition, comprehensive analysis is performed by adopting a statistical method, the shade tolerance of common green land species is evaluated, a theoretical basis is provided for screening of the green land species under different illumination conditions, and loss caused by improper species selection in the urban green land construction process is reduced.
On the basis of considering the traditional green land screening indexes and methods, the adaptability of common green land species to weak illumination intensity is evaluated from the perspective of species physiological ecology. By establishing a species shade-tolerant evaluation system, a stable and sustainable urban green land system is constructed, and the ecological, cultural and social benefits of the green land are improved to the maximum extent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A method for evaluating shade tolerance of urban greenbelt species is characterized in that comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation indexes of at least two species are calculated respectively, wherein the shade tolerance of the species with high comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation index is stronger than that of the species with low comprehensive shade tolerance evaluation index; the shade tolerance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps:
measuring a plurality of shade-tolerant parameters, and performing principal component analysis according to the shade-tolerant parameters to obtain a shade-tolerant comprehensive index and a principal component score of each shade-tolerant comprehensive index;
calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each shade tolerance comprehensive index according to each principal component score;
calculating a shading-resistant comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each shading-resistant comprehensive index;
and when the number of the species is more than or equal to three, performing cluster analysis on the obtained shade-tolerant comprehensive evaluation index of each species, and classifying the species into strong shade-tolerant species, general shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the shade-tolerance of the species in the urban green space is evaluated,
the shading-resistant parameters comprise apparent quantum efficiency, dark respiration rate, light saturation points, light compensation points, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal limitation, relative chlorophyll content value of leaves and specific leaf area of the leaves.
3. The method of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring a photosynthetic light response curve of the species;
s2, fitting the light response curve by adopting a right-angle correction model to obtain light response parameters: apparent quantum efficiency, dark breathing rate, optical saturation point, optical compensation point;
s3, recording net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate and pore limit of the species when the species reach light saturation;
s4, measuring the relative value of chlorophyll content of the leaves, and calculating the specific leaf area of the species leaves;
s5, performing principal component analysis on all shade-tolerant parameters of all species measured in the steps S1-S4; calculating according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root to obtain a principal component load matrix, selecting n principal components for analysis and evaluation according to the characteristic root, wherein the principal components are comprehensive shading resistance indexes, and calculating the principal component score of each comprehensive shading resistance index;
and S6, calculating membership function values and the weight of the comprehensive index according to the characteristic root, the contribution rate, the accumulated contribution rate and the principal component score of each shading tolerance comprehensive index, and obtaining the shading tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D value of each species.
4. The method for evaluating the species shadiness of urban green land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for measuring the photoresponse curve in step S1 is as follows: measuring the light response curve of different species of leaves by using a photosynthesis apparatus, wherein the flow rate of the apparatus is 500mol/s, and the temperature range is 30 +/-5 ℃;
CO2the supply concentration was 400. mu. mol. m-2·s-1；
An artificial red-blue light source is used for controlling the photosynthetically active radiation, and the values of the photosynthetically active radiation are respectively as follows: 1800 μmol. m-2·s-1，1500μmol·m-2·s-1，1200μmol·m-2·s-1，1000μmol·m-2·s-1，800μmol·m-2·s-1，600μmol·m-2·s-1，400μmol·m-2·s-1，200μmol·m-2·s-1，150μmol·m-2·s-1，100μmol·m-2·s-1，50μmol·m-2·s-1，20μmol·m-2·s-1And 0. mu. mol. m-2·s-1。
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the right angle correction model formula is formula (1):
Figure FDA0002795571210000021
where α is the initial slope of the photoresponse curve, i.e., the apparent quantum efficiency of the species; beta and gamma are the inhibition and saturation coefficients, I is photosynthetically active radiation, and Rd is the dark respiration rate.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, the principal component load matrix is calculated by formula (2), and the formula (2) is
Figure FDA0002795571210000031
Wherein U is a principal component load matrix, A is a factor load matrix, and lambda is a characteristic root;
and (4) screening the main components used for analysis and evaluation by taking the characteristic root more than 1 as a standard.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S6, each of the shading parameters is normalized, the principal component score of each shading comprehensive index is calculated according to each of the normalized shading parameters, and the membership function value of each shading comprehensive index is calculated according to formula (3), wherein the formula (3) is,
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
wherein, mu (i) is a membership function value, Zi is the principal component score of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index, Zimax and Zimin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the principal component score of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index in all species; 1,2, 3.
8. The method for evaluating species shadiness in urban green space according to any of claims 3-7, wherein in step S6, the comprehensive index weight is calculated by formula (4), wherein the formula (4) is
Figure FDA0002795571210000032
Wherein Wi is the ith shade tolerance comprehensive index weight, Pi is the contribution rate of the ith shade tolerance comprehensive index, and n is the total number of the shade tolerance comprehensive indexes.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S6, the shade-tolerance overall evaluation index is calculated by formula (5), and the formula (5) is
Figure FDA0002795571210000033
Wherein D is a species shade-tolerant comprehensive evaluation index, mu (i) is a membership function value of the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index, and Wi is the ith shade-tolerant comprehensive index weight.
10. A method for selecting urban green land species, characterized by evaluating the shading tolerance of the urban green land species by the method for evaluating the shading tolerance of the urban green land species according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and selecting a strong shading tolerant species and/or a general shading tolerant species as the species used in the urban green land.
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