CN112488480A - Urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method and urban green land species selection method - Google Patents
Urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method and urban green land species selection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: the water content of the leaves in the early morning, the water content of the leaves in the midday, the water potential of the leaves in the early morning, the water potential of the leaves in the midday, the water utilization efficiency and the difference value between the water potential of the leaves in the early morning and the water potential of the leaves in the midday. By analyzing the 6 parameters, the scores of the principal components, the membership function values and the comprehensive index weights are calculated, and the comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value can be obtained. And calculating the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indexes of any more than two species, wherein the drought resistance of the species with high comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value is stronger than that of the species with low comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value. And carrying out cluster analysis on the D value to obtain the groups of the drought resistance of the species. The method provides a technical method for screening urban green land species by comprehensively evaluating the drought resistance of common green land species.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of landscaping species screening, and particularly relates to an evaluation method for drought resistance of urban green land species and a selection method for the urban green land species.
Background
The urban green land is the core of urban ecological environment construction, has irreplaceable effect on improving the urban ecological environment, and has important ecological, cultural and social values. During urban green land construction, drought resistance of green land constituent species is a key factor in determining green land maintenance costs and green land stability. The shortage of water resources is a common problem facing the construction and maintenance of green lands of northern cities in China at present and is an important factor restricting the success of the construction of the green lands of the cities. How to construct a green land system with stronger drought resistance in northern cities with drought and water shortage becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The drought resistance of the species is an important index that the species can grow well under the environment condition of lacking water, the green land species with stronger drought resistance is selected, the drought stress resistance of the urban green land is enhanced, and the method has important significance for improving the self-maintenance of the green land and reducing the maintenance cost to the maximum extent.
Drought-resistant parameters are a series of indexes related to plant drought resistance, and the water content (LWC) of leaves, the water potential (phi) of leaves, the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and the like have certain relevance to the drought resistance of species. Because the drought resistance is a composite character and is influenced by various factors, the evaluation result cannot truly reflect the drought resistance of the species only by a single drought resistance parameter or related indexes.
In recent years, a lot of research is carried out on species drought resistance scholars, but most of the research is from the perspective of control tests and potting experiments, the change of physiological and ecological indexes of species under water stress is analyzed, and species resistance indexes are screened. However, species have few reports of drought resistance for the same or similar environmental conditions. Due to the fact that drought resistance evaluation of different species is not comprehensive and objective, species selection is often improper in green land construction, the growth of the species is poor, or irrigation and maintenance cost is increased, and functions of an urban green land system are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method and an urban green land species selection method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a drought resistance evaluation method for urban green land species is used for respectively calculating drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indexes of at least two species, wherein the drought resistance of the species with high drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index is stronger than that of the species with low drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index; the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps: measuring a plurality of drought-resistant parameters, and performing principal component analysis on the drought-resistant parameters to obtain a score of each principal component; calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each principal component according to the score of each principal component; calculating a drought-resistant comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each main component; and when the number of the species is more than or equal to three, performing cluster analysis on the obtained drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index of each species, and dividing the species into strong drought resistance species, general drought resistance species and non-drought resistance species.
Further, the drought-resistant parameters comprise the water content of the leaves in the early morning, the water content of the leaves in the midday, the water potential of the leaves in the early morning, the water potential of the leaves in the midday, the water utilization efficiency and the difference value between the water potential of the leaves in the early morning and the water potential of the leaves in the midday.
Further, it is characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the morning water content and the midday water content of each species of leaf;
s2, measuring the early morning water potential and the midday water potential of each species leaf;
s3, measuring the water utilization efficiency of each species;
s4, calculating the difference value between the morning water potential and the noon water potential of each species leaf;
s5, performing principal component analysis on all drought resistance parameters of all species measured in the steps S1-S4; calculating to obtain a principal component load matrix according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root, obtaining n principal components used for analysis and evaluation according to the contribution rate and the accumulated contribution rate, and calculating a principal component score of each principal component used for analysis and evaluation, wherein the ith principal component score is Zi; 1,2,3,. n.;
and S6, calculating membership function values and the weight of the comprehensive index through the screened characteristic roots, contribution rates, accumulated contribution rates and principal component scores Zi of the principal components, and obtaining the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index D value of each species.
Further, the water content of the leaves in the step S1 is measured by a drying method, which includes the following steps: the weight of the fresh leaves W1 was weighed, after 1 hour of fixation in an oven at 105 ℃ it was transferred to 80 ℃ and dried to constant weight, the weight of the dried leaves W2 was weighed, and the water content of the leaves was calculated from the values of W1 and W2.
Further, the water content of the leaves is calculated by the formula (1), wherein the formula (1) is,
water content (W1-W2)/W2 × 100%; (1)
further, in step S5, the principal component load matrix is calculated by equation (2), where equation (2) is,
wherein U is a principal component load matrix, A is a factor load matrix, and lambda is a characteristic root;
and selecting the main components for analysis and evaluation by taking the characteristic root more than 1 as a standard.
Further, in step S6, each drought resistance parameter is normalized, each principal component corresponding to the principal component score of each drought resistance index is calculated according to each normalized drought resistance parameter, a membership function value of each drought resistance index is calculated according to a formula (3), where the formula (3) is,
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
wherein mu (i) is a membership function value, Zi is the principal component score of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and Zimax and Zimin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the principal component score of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index in all species; 1,2, 3.
Further, in the step S6, the comprehensive index weight is calculated by formula (4), where the formula (4) is;
wherein, Wi is the weight of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, Pi is the contribution rate of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and n is the total number of the drought resistance comprehensive indexes.
Further, in the step S6, the drought resistance comprehensive assessment index is calculated by formula (5), where the formula (5) is;
wherein D is the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index of the species, mu (i) is the membership function value of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and Wi is the weight of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index.
According to the urban green land species selection method, the drought resistance of the urban green land species is evaluated by using the urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method, and strong drought-resistant species and/or general drought-resistant species are/is selected as species used by the urban green land.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that by analyzing the main components of the drought resistance parameters, the comprehensive drought resistance index which can reflect the drought resistance of the species most can be obtained, namely, the water content of leaves of the species, the water deficit degree of the leaves and the adaptability of plant growth under the water deficit are used as the comprehensive evaluation index of the drought resistance of the species, so that the analysis result has more objectivity and effectiveness; meanwhile, according to the technical scheme of the invention, species with good drought resistance can be screened out, good growth of the species in green land construction is ensured, irrigation and maintenance costs are effectively reduced, and the function of an urban green land system is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cluster analysis diagram of drought resistance evaluation of each species in an embodiment of the method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index of any more than two species is calculated, wherein the drought resistance of the species with high comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value is stronger than that of the species with low comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value. The drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps: measuring a plurality of drought-resistant parameters, and performing principal component analysis on the drought-resistant parameters to obtain a score (Zi) of each principal component; calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each principal component according to the score of each principal component; and calculating a drought-resistant comprehensive evaluation index (D value) according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each main component, and performing cluster analysis on the D value to obtain the drought-resistant groups of the species.
According to the method, the comprehensive drought resistance index which can reflect the drought resistance of the species most can be obtained by performing principal component analysis on the drought resistance parameters, the limitation of traditional drought resistance evaluation only by experience is overcome, the drought resistance of the species is evaluated from the aspects of water utilization efficiency and water consumption, and the adaptability of the species to the drought environment can be objectively understood; meanwhile, the method can be used for screening the green land species with stronger drought resistance, and the loss caused by improper species screening is reduced.
The drought-resistant parameters of the invention are the early morning water content (LWCm) of the leaves, the midday water content (LWCnoon), the early morning water potential (phi m) of the leaves, the midday water potential (phi noon) of the leaves, the Water Utilization Efficiency (WUE) of the leaves and the difference value (phi change) of the early morning water potential and the midday water potential of the leaves.
The evaluation method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, measuring the morning water content (LWCm) and the midday water content (LWCnoon) of the leaves of the species;
the moisture content of the leaves of the species was measured using a drying method by weighing fresh leaves and sending them back to the laboratory in an envelope. After 1 hour of fixation in an oven at 105 ℃, it was transferred to 80 ℃ and dried to constant weight, and the dried leaves were weighed.
The formula for calculating the water content of the leaves of the species is as follows:
LWC ═ (W1-W2)/W2 × 100%; wherein W1 represents the fresh weight of leaves, and W2 represents the dry weight of leaves.
S2, measuring the morning water potential (phi m) and the noon water potential (phi noon) of the leaves of the species;
the blade water potential (. phi., MPa) was measured using a dew point water potential tester (WP4, DEC-AGON). Fresh, healthy species leaves were selected and then placed in an ice bin for measurement. The instrument was preheated for 30 minutes before measurement. The leaves were chopped and placed into the sample box of the WP4 dew point water potential tester, the volume of the leaves placed into the sample box of the water potential tester should not exceed 1/2 of the volume of the sample box, and the water potential values were recorded.
In steps S1 and S2, the collection time of the leaf is 5:00-6:00 in the early morning and 12:00-14:00 in the noon.
S3, measuring species Water Use Efficiency (WUE); the net photosynthetic rate of leaves and transpiration rate of different species under saturated illumination intensity were determined using a LICOR-6400XT portable photosynthesis apparatus. The calculation formula of the water utilization efficiency of the species leaf is as follows:
WUE is Pn/Tr; where Pn represents the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves and Tr represents the transpiration efficiency of the leaves.
S4, calculating the difference (phi change) between the morning water potential and the noon water potential of the leaves of the species; that is, Φ change is Φ m — Φ nonon; wherein phi m is the water potential in the morning and phi nonon is the water potential in the noon.
S5, performing principal component analysis by adopting SPSS21.0 software; calculating according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root (Eigenvalue) to obtain a principal component load matrix, and screening n principal components for analysis and evaluation according to contribution rate (contribution) and Cumulative contribution rate (cumulant), wherein each principal component is a comprehensive index of drought resistance; calculating the principal component score Zi of each drought resistance comprehensive index; wherein, i is 1,2, 3.. and n; the principal component load matrix is obtained by calculation according to a formula (2), wherein the formula (2) is,
wherein, U is a principal component load matrix, a is a factor load matrix, λ is a characteristic root, and i is 1,2, 3.
The calculation method of the principal component score Zi is to standardize each drought resistance parameter and then accumulate and sum.
And selecting n principal components for analysis and evaluation by taking the characteristic root (Eigenvalue) larger than 1 as a standard, and simultaneously performing judgment by assistance of contribution rate (contribution) and Cumulative contribution rate (Cumulative), so that the Cumulative contribution rate can cover most information.
S6, calculating membership function values through characteristic roots (Eigenvalue), contribution rate (contribution) and Cumulative contribution rate (Cumulative) of each main component, calculating the weight of the comprehensive index to obtain a comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index D value, and obtaining the drought resistance grade of the species through system cluster analysis.
Firstly, each drought resistance parameter is subjected to standardization treatment, then the principal component score of each comprehensive index corresponding to i 1,2,3,.
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
Where μ (i) is the membership function value, Zi is the principal component score, and Zimax and Zimin are the maximum and minimum of the ith principal component score in all species, respectively.
The comprehensive index weight is calculated by a formula (4), wherein the formula (4) is,
where Wi represents the importance of the ith principal component in all principal components, and Pi represents the contribution rate of the ith principal component.
The drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index is calculated by a formula (5), wherein the formula (5) is that,
wherein mu (i) is a membership function value, Zimax and Zimin are the maximum value and the minimum value in the main component scores of all plants, and D is a species drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index.
According to the urban green land species selection method, the drought resistance of the urban green land species is evaluated by using the urban green land species drought resistance evaluation method, and strong drought-resistant species and/or general drought-resistant species are/is selected as species used by the urban green land.
When the urban green land species are selected, the conditions of the green land range are evaluated in advance to obtain the drought resistance of the species suitable for the green land range, and then the drought resistance of the urban green land species is evaluated according to the evaluation method to obtain the species suitable for planting in the green land range, so that the drought resistance of the species is matched with the environment conditions of the green land.
The following examples are presented to evaluate drought resistance of 48 common species in urban green land by the method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species of the present invention.
Examples
The evaluation objects in this example were: eucommia bark, gingko, magnolia biondii, liriodendron, acer truncatum, mercerized cotton, wild peach, gleditsia sinensis, sophora japonica, walnut, quercus acutissima, dogwood, kalopanax formosanus, persimmon, ebony, malus micromalus, prunus cerasiflora, prunus mume, prunus persica, beijing clove, salix chebula, shiny-leaved yellowhorn, evergreen elm, tassel, tsumadai, tree, elm, northern China pearl, plumule, fructus forsythiae, ligustrum japonicum, fruit, mallow, lonicera majaponicas, agaricus, viburnum sargentii, crape myrtle, redbud, cotinum coggygria, shrubby tree, shrubalthea, sambucus williamsii, dulcis, celastrus cusia indica, celastrus orbiculatus, Chinese rose, Japanese creeper and phyllostachys pubescens.
The specific evaluation procedure was as follows:
6 drought resistance related indexes of each species were measured separately: leaf water content in the morning (LWCm), water content at noon (LWCnoon), leaf early morning water potential (φ m), leaf early morning water potential (φ noon), Water Utilization Efficiency (WUE), leaf early morning water potential and early afternoon water potential difference (φ change).
Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 software; the SPSS21.0 software is used for main component analysis, and the related indexes are calculated as follows:
and (3) main component analysis: calculating a factor load matrix, a characteristic root and a contribution rate by adopting SPSS21.0 software on the basis of 6 drought resistance parameters, wherein specific results are shown in a table 1; and calculating a principal component load matrix through the following formula, wherein the specific principal component load matrix is shown in table 2:
according to table 2, the principal component analysis can divide 6 drought-resistant parameters into 3 comprehensive indexes, the contribution rates of the first three comprehensive indexes are 44.63%, 24.1% and 20.443%, the cumulative contribution rate is 89.173%, and the characteristic root is greater than 1, so that the first three principal components are used as main factors for comprehensive evaluation of the drought resistance of the species.
In the first principal component, the coefficients of φ noon, LWCm, and LWCnoon are relatively large, 0.501, 0.534, and 0.532, respectively. These indices reflect mainly the moisture profile of the leaves of the species. In the second principal component, the coefficient of φ m is large, 0.653, which mainly reflects the ability of the species to recover moisture and can be used to analyze the degree of water deficit of the species. In the third main component, the WUE and φ change coefficients are relatively large, at-0.585 and 0.669, respectively, and mainly reflect the appropriateness of plant growth under water deficit. Based on the analysis results of the three main components, the leaf moisture of the species, the leaf moisture deficiency degree and the adaptability of plant growth under the moisture deficiency are used as comprehensive evaluation indexes of the drought resistance of the species, namely the comprehensive evaluation indexes respectively correspond to the main components 1,2 and 3.
TABLE 1 factor load matrix
TABLE 2 drought-resistant parameter principal component load matrix
TABLE 3 analysis data of each species and results of comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance
The 6 parameters are respectively normalized to obtain: z φ m, Z φ noon, ZLWcm, ZLWnoon, ZWUE and Z φ change, calculating a score for each principal component.
The calculation formula of the principal component score is as follows,
Zi＝Uφmi*Zφm+Uφnooni*Zφnoon+ULWCmi*ZLWCm+ULWCnooni*ZLWCnoon+UWUEi*ZWUE+Uφchangei*Zφchange
wherein Z is a normalized value for each of the drought resistance parameters.
The specific calculation process according to the above formula is:
Z1＝0.308*Zφm+0.501*Zφnoon+0.534*ZLWCm+0.532*ZLWCnoon-0.002*ZWUE-0.294*Zφchange；
Z2＝0.635*Zφm+0.364*Zφnoon-0.255*ZLWCm-0.286*ZLWCnoon+0.475*ZWUE+0.303*Zφchange；
Z3＝0.350*Zφm-0.169*Zφnoon+0.217*ZLWCm+0.106*ZLWCnoon-0.585*ZWUE+0.669*Zφchange。
calculating the membership function value corresponding to each principal component according to the following formula:
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)；
in the present embodiment, i is 1,2, 3; zimin is the minimum of the Z values in column i of table 3; zimax is the maximum value among the Z values in column i in table 3, and the specific calculation result of μ (i) is:
μ1＝(Z1-(-3.63))/(4.07-(-3.63))；
μ2＝(Z2-(-2.09))/(2.95-(-2.09))；
μ3＝(Z3-(-2.12))/(2.80-(-2.12))；
calculating the comprehensive index weight of each principal component according to the following formula:
W1＝44.63/89.173＝0.50；
W2＝24.1/89.173＝0.27；
W3＝20.443/89.173＝0.23；
calculating the comprehensive evaluation index D value of the species according to the following formula:
D＝μ1*0.50+μ2*0.27+μ3*0.23。
and respectively calculating the D value of each species through the process, and sequencing the drought resistance of each green land species according to the D values.
The drought resistance analysis results for each species showed that the D value of persimmon tree was the largest and 0.7642, indicating the highest drought resistance, and the D value of peeled elm was the smallest and 0.1555, indicating the lowest drought resistance, according to the data in table 3. The analysis results in table 3 can determine the drought resistance of the species, and can be used as a screening basis for drought-resistant species in urban green lands.
Clustering analysis: and carrying out systematic clustering analysis on the drought tolerance comprehensive evaluation index D value by using SPSS software, and carrying out clustering analysis by adopting a squared Euclidean distance and a Ward method.
As shown in fig. 1, when the distance is less than 5, the 48 greening species in the present embodiment can be classified into 3 types: strong drought-resistant species, general drought-resistant species and non-drought-resistant species:
strong drought resistant species: persimmon tree, shrubalthea, fructus forsythiae, lagerstroemia indica, celastrus orbiculatus, elderberry, broccoli, magnolia senna, plum blossom, walnut, litsea florida, sophora japonica, gingko, fruit and kalopanax septemlobus.
General drought-resistant species: euonymus holonymus, euonymus alatus, cercis chinensis, Chinese rose, viburnum sargentii, kenaf, juneberry fruit, shiny-leaved yellowhorn, agaricus, eucommia ulmoides, ligustrum japonicum, wild peach, acer truncatum, Callicarpa huabeiensis, liriodendron, dogwood, prunus cerasifera and salix subulifera.
Non-drought resistant species: tuo tree, frozen green, pteroceltis tatarinowii, meiren plum, oak with sharp teeth, silk cottonwood, Beijing clove, soap pod, cotinus coggygria, morning garden bamboo, flowering peach, honeysuckle, malus micromalus, tassel and peeled elm.
According to the evaluation method, the drought resistance related parameters of the species under the same environmental conditions are measured, and a statistical method is adopted for comprehensive analysis, so that the drought resistance of common green land species is analyzed, a technical method is provided for screening the green land species under different soil moisture conditions, and the loss caused by improper species selection in the urban green land construction process is reduced. By establishing the evaluation index of the drought resistance of the species, the method is beneficial to screening the drought resistance species, stably and sustainably building an urban green land system, and furthest improving the ecological, cultural and social benefits of the green land.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A drought resistance evaluation method for urban green land species is characterized in that drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indexes of at least two species are calculated respectively, wherein the drought resistance of the species with high drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index is stronger than that of the species with low drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index;
the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index calculation method for each species comprises the following steps:
measuring a plurality of drought resistance parameters, and performing principal component analysis on the drought resistance parameters to obtain a drought resistance comprehensive index and a principal component score of each drought resistance comprehensive index;
calculating a membership function value and a comprehensive index weight of each drought resistance comprehensive index according to each principal component score;
calculating a drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index according to the membership function value and the comprehensive index weight of each drought resistance comprehensive index;
and when the number of the species is more than or equal to three, performing cluster analysis on the obtained drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index of each species, and dividing the species into strong drought resistance species, general drought resistance species and non-drought resistance species.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the drought resistance of the species in the urban green space is evaluated,
the drought-resistant parameters comprise the water content of the leaves in the early morning, the water content of the leaves in the midday, the water potential of the leaves in the early morning, the water potential of the leaves in the midday, the water utilization efficiency and the difference value of the water potential of the leaves in the early morning and the water potential of the leaves in the midday.
3. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the morning water content and the midday water content of each species of leaf;
s2, measuring the early morning water potential and the midday water potential of each species leaf;
s3, measuring the water utilization efficiency of each species;
s4, calculating the difference value between the morning water potential and the noon water potential of each species leaf;
s5, performing principal component analysis on all drought resistance parameters of all species measured in the steps S1-S4; calculating according to the factor load matrix and the characteristic root to obtain a principal component load matrix, selecting n principal components for analysis and evaluation according to the characteristic root, wherein the principal components are drought resistance comprehensive indexes, and calculating the principal component score of each drought resistance comprehensive index;
and S6, calculating membership function values and the weight of the comprehensive index according to the obtained characteristic root, contribution rate, accumulated contribution rate and principal component score of each drought resistance comprehensive index, and obtaining a drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index D value of each species.
4. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 3, wherein the water content of leaves in the step S1 in the early morning and the water content in the midday are measured by a drying method, and the method comprises the following steps:
the weight of the fresh leaves W1 was weighed, after 1 hour of fixation in an oven at 105 ℃ it was transferred to 80 ℃ and dried to constant weight, the weight of the dried leaves W2 was weighed, and the water content of the leaves was calculated from the values of W1 and W2.
5. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 4, wherein the morning water content and the noon water content of the leaves are respectively calculated by formula (1), and the formula (1) is
Water content (W1-W2)/W2 × 100% (1).
6. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, the principal component load matrix is obtained by calculation according to formula (2), wherein the formula (2) is,
wherein U is a principal component load matrix, A is a factor load matrix, and lambda is a characteristic root;
and selecting the main components for analysis and evaluation by taking the characteristic root more than 1 as a standard.
7. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 3, wherein in step S6, each drought resistance parameter is normalized, the principal component score of each drought resistance composite index is calculated according to each normalized drought resistance parameter, the membership function value of each drought resistance composite index is calculated according to formula (3), wherein the formula (3) is,
μ(i)＝(Zi-Zimin)/(Zimax-Zimin)； (3)
wherein mu (i) is a membership function value, Zi is the principal component score of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and Zimax and Zimin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the principal component score of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index in all species; 1,2, 3.
8. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein in step S6, the comprehensive index weight is calculated by formula (4), and the formula (4) is
Wherein Wi is the weight of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, Pi is the contribution rate of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and n is the total number of the drought resistance comprehensive indexes.
9. The method for evaluating drought resistance of urban green land species according to claim 8, wherein in step S6, the comprehensive drought resistance evaluation index is calculated according to formula (5), and the formula (5) is
Wherein D is the drought resistance comprehensive evaluation index of the species, mu (i) is the membership function value of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index, and Wi is the weight of the ith drought resistance comprehensive index.
10. A method for selecting species of urban green land, characterized by evaluating drought resistance of species of urban green land by using the method for evaluating drought resistance of species of urban green land according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and selecting strong drought-resistant species and/or general drought-resistant species as species used in urban green land.
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