CN1125275A

CN1125275A - Fuzzy control method for washer and its controller

Info

Publication number: CN1125275A
Application number: CN 93116537
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱亮
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-08-27
Filing date: 1993-08-27
Publication date: 1996-06-26

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuzzy control method for washer and its controller. Its method is as follows: the washer motor is used as the weight, cloth quality and dewatering sensor, photosensor is used as dirty sensor, and according to the measured blocked point voltage, motor current and its relative angle-offset, the weight of clothing and other articles to be washed, their flexibility, dewatering extent and dirty degree can be calculated by single-chip microcomputer so as to define the dosage of detergent, water intake velocity, water intake time and quantity, washing time and dewatering time to implement fuzzy full-automatic control. Its circuit system includes host circuit, control circuit, detection circuit, antijamming network, output circuit and D.C. power supply, etc..

Description

A kind of fuzzy control method for washer and controller thereof

The present invention is-kind of fuzzy control method for washer and controller thereof to belong to automatic control technology, particularly household electrical appliance control technology.

Existing general computer control automatic washing machine though function is better complete, but still needs manually-operated to set in advance as water level, washing agent consumption, rinsing and drying time etc., and this still belongs to the timing controlled notion in fact.A plurality of buttons such as power switch, regulating water level, wash time, drying time are arranged on this Washing Machine Panel, operation is trouble comparatively, especially general housewife or minor are come, feel that more it is convenient not enough, its automaticity is high not enough, causes the waste of water, electricity, time, washing agent toward the contact meeting.And state-of-the-art in the world at present fuzzy control automatic washing machine, has only a starting button, it have respectively be used to measure the dirty degree of clothes and in view of the above the automatic setting wash time dirty degree sensor, be used to measure clothes soft or hard degree and in view of the above automatic setting water velocity and wash time cloth matter sensor, be used to measure clothing weight, and set the clothing weight sensor of inflow and wash time, the sensor specials such as clothes dehydration sensor that are used to measure the clothes degree of dehydration and determine the drying time in view of the above automatically in view of the above, this is very easy to the user really.Exactly because yet used a plurality of sensor specials, make control circuit and manufacturing technique complicated unusually, with high costs, NA-E50Y5 type washing machine as the production of Japanese Matsushita Electric Industrial company, in in Japan price just up to 83000 yen, therefore be difficult to promote the use of, be difficult to especially be accepted by the family of developing country.

That purpose of the present invention is exactly is existing in order to overcome-as switch, the button of machinery or computer control washing machine many, troublesome poeration, the shortcoming that automatic controlling level is still not high enough, and overcome existing fuzzy control automatic washing machine and must use a plurality of sensor specials and make that control circuit and manufacturing technique are complicated unusually, cost is too high, shortcoming such as be difficult to apply, develop and a kind ofly can finish fuzzy control, and fairly simple, the lower-cost washing machine fuzzy controller of control circuit and manufacturing technique.

The present invention realizes by following method and technology scheme and structure technology scheme:

Its method and technology scheme is to utilize the motor of washing machine itself as weight sensor, clothes cloth matter pliability sensor and clothes dehydration degree sensor, clothes cloth matter pliability sensor and clothes dehydration degree sensor to be washed clothes, and design has a kind of optical sensor as dirty degree sensor to be washed clothes; Because what the electromagnetic torque of motor and motor side were pressed square is directly proportional, when motor progressively reduces end pressure V from normal operation ₁The time, motor is exerted oneself and is reduced gradually until stall, and Fig. 1 shows motor side and presses V ₁With current of electric I ₁Between relation, wherein curve I corresponds to the deadweight situation, be clothing weight gl=0 to be washed, the situation that comprises spin dryer tube, impeller and machine driven system weight from heavy duty, the underloading situation of the corresponding gl=1140 gram of curve II, the specified washing loads situation of the corresponding gl=3000 gram of curve III, the situation of the corresponding gl=1160 gram of curve IV, inflow gt=11550 gram is if set Z ₁=V ₁/ I ₁=Z α is the stall line, curve V is a stall line of getting Z α=175 o'clock, as seen, different loads has different stall points, calculate the stall point parameter under the respective load, motor side when being stall is pressed and electric current, just can determine the size of load capacity, clothes has different water absorption rates separately, water absorption rate＞350% of common sweater, the water absorption rate of jeans＜200%, general cotton, the water absorption rate of clothings such as acrylic is between 200～350%, water absorption rate by the measuring and calculating laundry item, can determine the cloth matter pliability of laundry item, and the method for measuring water absorption rate is according to clothing weight gl to be washed and inflow and after covering the water certain hour, and draining is calculated stall again and put pairing weight, and this weight deducts deadweight go and clothing weight gl to be washed, be the water absorption g β of laundry item, thereby water absorption rate β=g β/gl * 100% that can calculate laundry item is promptly determined laundry item cloth matter pliability; According to fixed laundry item weight gl and water absorption rate β, can determine the water amount of washing cycle, when utilizing draining the time laundry water dirty behind the prewashing certain hour, its light transmittance is poor, laundry water is not really dirty, the principle of its good transmittance calculates the dirty degree Vz of laundry item, detects the dirty degree of laundry water in rinse cycle in real time, just stops rinsing when meeting the requirements of wash degree; Dewater after draining is intact and in dehydration, detect degree of dehydration in real time, when meeting the requirements of degree of dehydration, stop dehydration.

This fuzzy control method is that the control method by this controller principle block diagram shown in Figure 2 realizes, promptly according to initiating signal from input circuit, after the single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit is accepted, export control signal in real time, go the logical of driving power switch by photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit output drive signal, disconnected, power switch circuit output control signal is after output filter filtering higher hamonic wave, go to control to wash by the motor commutation switch again and just annotating the dynamo-electric machine of clothing, opposite spin, motor is as weight to be washed clothes, cloth matter pliability and dehydration degree sensor, motor side is pressed, the current of electric variable signal is fed to voltage respectively through synchronizing voltage circuit and current detection circuit, current polarity testing circuit and A/D conversion front end circuit, the dirty degree signal of the clothes that light sensors arrives, also be transported to A/D conversion front end circuit, all be transported to the single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit then, by its A/D conversion the analog signals that transports is become digital parameter, single chip microcomputer is accepted and processing, the single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit is according to the stall point end pressure value V of actual measurement ₁, current of electric I ₁And V ₁With I ₁Between phase angle (power factor angle) ψ ₁With dirty degree Vz to be washed clothes, calculate weight gl to be washed clothes respectively, water intake velocity Vt, clothes cloth matter pliability, dehydration degree, wash degree etc., and calculate in view of the above and determine the washing agent consumption, the water yield, flooding time, wash time, water velocity, the rinsing time, water discharge time, parameters such as dewatering time also output a control signal to output circuit in real time, output circuit removes to control respectively water intaking valve according to these control signals, draining valve, clutch, buzzer, motor just, leading to of reversal switch, disconnected and be used for optical sensor lampet, and on display, show each working status parameter in real time.In check weighing, washing, rinsing and dehydration, each chopping cycle is all measured motor side and is pressed V simultaneously ₁, current of electric I ₁Therefore, can judge in real time that whether to have net to press too high (as V ₁〉=255V), net pressed low (as V ₁≤ 175V), long term overloading, short circuit and failure condition such as open circuit, when having detected one of above-mentioned fault, promptly having shown that fault type and operation suspension, wait fix a breakdown; When the water intake velocity that calculates too slowly the time, be judged to be just that into water is not smooth, excessive and when exceeding routine, then be judged to be impeded drainage when calculating water absorption rate; Because locked rotor current be big more than normal running current, so can judge the drying dehydration process, in a period of time, do not rotate or fluctuation of load amplitude when excessive as if spin dryer tube from the current of electric that calculates, it is unbalance then to be judged to be staving; Open circuit, during fault such as short circuit, then wait for and getting rid of when causing program out of control owing to strong jamming or being attended by by corresponding fault type; If program out of control and enter endless loop and when there is no other fault and deriving, available one special-purpose time counter detects this fault and can repay examination return information breakpoint place and continue working procedure.

Its structure technology scheme is: the washing machine fuzzy controller is made of jointly shell, connecting line and printed circuit board (PCB), its circuit block diagram as shown in Figure 2, it is electrically connected jointly by major loop, control loop, detection loop, anti-interference network 14, output circuit 15, dc source 16 and constitutes, wherein, major loop is electrically connected jointly by power-supply filter 1, power switch circuit 2, output filter 3, motor commutation on-off circuit 4, photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit 5 and forms; Control loop is electrically connected jointly by single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit 6, input circuit 7, display circuit 8 to be formed; Detecting the loop is electrically connected jointly and is formed by synchronizing voltage circuit 9, current detection circuit 10, optical sensor circuit 11, A/D conversion front end circuit 12, voltage, current polarity testing circuit 13; Its action principle is as follows: power-supply filter 1 is used for filtering from the higher hamonic wave of electrical network and prevent the harmonic wave feedback grid that power switch circuit 2 produces; Power switch circuit 2 is an incomplementarity formula on-off circuit, adopts single-phase copped wave control formula AC voltage adjusting, and range of regulation is 0～V ₁, V ₁Be the line voltage virtual value; Output filter 3 is used for the higher hamonic wave of filtering power switch circuit 2 signal output waveforms; Motor commutation on-off circuit 4 is used to control the forward and reverse conversion of motor for washer XD; Single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit 6 in the control loop receives and handles the initiating signal from input circuit 7, and calculate according to the parameters such as weight to be washed clothes, pliability, dirty degree of actual measurement and to determine washing agent consumption, flooding time, clean time, water velocity, water discharge time, dewatering time etc., and output a control signal to the transmission of electricity road in real time and remove to control washing course of washing machine.And in washing process, detect in real time handle that net is pressed too high or too low, overload, short circuit, smooth, the impeded drainage of opening circuit, intake, washing machine drum body is unbalance and fault and self check when start such as program out of control; Display circuit 8 is used to show each working status parameter; The current detection section of synchronizing voltage circuit 9 in the detection loop and voltage, current polarity testing circuit 13 is used to detect net pressure value, zero crossing and polarity; The current detecting of current feedback circuit 10 and polarity detection circuit 13 partly is used to detect motor current value, zero crossing and polarity, and can determine the power-factor angle of motor thus; Optical sensor circuit 11 is used to detect dirty degree to be washed clothes, and its principle is if clothes is very dirty, and its laundry water light transmittance is just poor, and clothes is not really dirty, and its laundry water light transmittance is all right; A/D conversion front end circuit then can be transported to the A/D change-over circuit with the analog quantity of net pressure, current of electric and dirty degree to be washed clothes, and changes analog quantity into digital quantity, so that single chip microcomputer can be accepted and handle; Anti-interference network 14 is used to weaken or eliminates interference from electrical network, sense channel, major loop and printed circuit board (PCB) self; The function of output loop 15 be the output water intaking valve, draining valve, clutch mouth, buzzer, lampet and the motor that remove to control washing machine from the control signal of single chip microcomputer just/break-make of reversal switch, wherein the optical sensor of lampet provides light signal; Dc source 16 provides V ₁(+8V), V ₂(-8V), V ₃(+5V), V ₄D.C. regulated power supply of (+5V) and V ₅(+15V), V ₆The non-constant voltage dc source of (+15V).

The circuit theory diagrams of this washing machine fuzzy controller such as Fig. 3, and Fig. 5～shown in Figure 8, wherein Fig. 3 is major loop---comprise the circuit theory diagrams of power-supply filter 1, power switch circuit 2, output filter 3, motor reversing switch circuit 4, photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit 5, wherein, power-supply filter 1 is by inductance L₁, capacitor C₁、C ₂, piezo-resistance R₁, resistance R₂Common electrical connection forms; Power switch circuit 2 is by triode BG₁～BG ₄, diode D₁～D ₄, resistance R₃、R ₅, piezo-resistance R₄、R ₆, capacitor C₃、C ₄Common current connects to form, wherein R₃、R ₄、C ₃And R₅、R ₆、C ₄Be respectively used to triode BG₁、BG ₂And BG₃、BG ₄Overvoltage protection; It controls sequential and output waveform schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4, and (D=τ/while Tc) changing between 0～1, output voltage is namely at 0～V by dutycycle D that single chip microcomputer provides₁Between linear the variation; Output filter 3 is by inductance L₂, capacitor C₅Form; Motor reversing switch circuit 4 is by bidirectional triode thyristor TR₁、TR ₂, resistance R₇～R ₁₀, capacitor C₆、C ₇Common electrical connection forms, wherein R₈、C ₆, and R₉、C ₇Be respectively used to TR₁、TR ₂Overvoltage protection; Photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit 5 are by four photoelectric coupled device TILT₁～TILT ₄, resistance R₁₂～R ₃₁, capacitor C₉～C ₁₂, triode B G₅～BG ₈Common electrical connection forms, and it will be from four tunnel control signal P of single chip microcomputer_1.0～P _1.3Control triode BG by No. four drive circuits₁～BG ₄Conducting or shutoff, and realize the mutual isolation of major loop and control loop; The control loop of Fig. 5---comprise the circuit theory diagrams of the real-time control circuit 6 of single chip microcomputer, input circuit 7, display circuit 8, wherein, single chip microcomputer and real-time control circuit 6 are by single chip microcomputer U₀, latch U₅、 U ₁₁, memory under program U₆, A/D converter spare U₇, or the door U₈(U _8—1、U _8—2、 U _8—3), phase inverter U₉(U _9—1、U _9—2、U _9—3、U _9—4) d type flip flop U₁₀, six high-voltage drive U₁₂Common electrical connection forms, wherein U₇With U₈、U ₉、U ₁₀Form 8 road A/D change-over circuits, IN in figure₂For locked rotor current ALT-CH alternate channel, IN₃For running current ALT-CH alternate channel, IN₄For the dirty degree ALT-CH alternate channel of clothes, IN₅For net is pressed ALT-CH alternate channel, U_{1 1}With U₈、U ₉Form the output signal latch, and through six high-voltage drive U₁₀Output, U₉With resistance R₄₈, capacitor C₁₅, diode D₅Form power-on reset circuit, capacitor C₁₃、 C ₁₄, form the external circuit of single chip microcomputer oscillating circuit with crystal oscillator XTAL; Input circuit 7 is by resistance R₄₉, capacitor C₁₆Reach button QA and jointly be electrically connected composition, it provides initiating signal to single chip microcomputer; Display circuit 8 by with door U₂(U _1—1、U _2—2), the 8 bit shift register U that seal in and go out₃、U ₄, resistance R₃₂～R ₄₇And nixie display spare L ED₀、LED ₁Common electrical connection forms; Detect loop---comprise the circuit theory diagrams of synchronizing voltage circuit 9, current detection circuit 10, optical sensor circuit 11, A/D conversion front end circuit 12, voltage, Current polarity detection circuit 13 as shown in Figure 6, wherein, the synchronizing voltage polarity detection circuit in polarity detection circuit 13 is by voltage comparator spare U_13—1, resistance R₄₉～R ₅₃, capacitor C₁₈, diode D₈～D ₁₀Common electrical connection forms, it and single chip microcomputer U₀P_1.4Port joins, and the Current polarity detection circuit is by voltage comparator spare U_13—2, resistance R₇₆—R ₈₀, capacitor C₂₆, diode D₁₉～D ₂₁Common electrical connection forms, and with single chip microcomputer P_1.5Port joins, and current detection signal is taken from getting of major loop and selected resistance R₁₁, current detection circuit 10 is by photoelectric coupled device TILI, resistance R₆₀～R ₆₅, capacitor C₂₂～C ₂₅, diode D₁₅, the large device U in computing school_14—1、U _14—2Electrical connection forms jointly, and it takes out motor current signal and with the major loop electricity, isolates, wherein by operational amplifier U_14—1, resistance R₆₂～R ₆₄, capacitor C₂₃～C ₂₄Form second-order low-pass filter, by operational amplifier U_14—2, resistance R₆₅, capacitor C₂₅Formation-rank low pass filter, the higher hamonic wave in the filtering motor current signal; Net in A/D conversion front end circuit 12 presses A/D conversion front end circuit by diode D₆, Zener diode D₇, capacitor C₁₇Common electrical connection forms, and running current A/D conversion front end circuit is by operational amplifier U_15—1, resistance R₈₁～R ₈₈, potentiometer W₂, capacitor C₂₈, diode D₂₂, Zener diode D₂₃Common electrical connection forms, and locked rotor current A/D conversion sheep is put circuit by operational amplifier U_15—2, resistance R₆₆～R ₇₅, potentiometer W₁, capacitor C_{2 6}, Zener diode D₁₆、D ₁₈, diode D₁₇Common electrical connection forms; Optical sensor circuit 11 is by operation amplifier U_14—3、U _14—4, resistance R₅₄～R ₅₉, capacitor C_{1 9}～C ₂₁, diode D₁₁～D ₁₃, Zener diode D₁₄, large-power light-emitting diodes D G, photodiode DM be electrically connected formation jointly, for detection of the dirty degree of clothes; As shown in Figure 7, it is by six high-voltage drive U for the output circuit schematic diagram₁₂, resistance R₈₉～R ₉₂Common electrical connection forms, will be from latch U₁₁Control signal amplify, to have promoted the bidirectional triode thyristor TR of electronics on-off action₁～TR ₅With buzzer FM, in figure, two path 5Y, 6Y are connected with 5Y, the 6Y of Fig. 3 respectively, control motor reversing switch; Resistance R₈₉、R ₉₅Bidirectional triode thyristor TR₅Capacitor C₃₁Form clutch control switch and remove solenoidoperated cluthes GF; Resistance R₉₀、R ₉₄, capacitor C₃₀, controllable silicon TR₄Form the draining valve gauge tap and remove to control draining valve PF; Resistance R₉₁、R ₉₃, capacitor C₂₉Bidirectional triode thyristor TR₃Common formation water intaking valve gauge tap removes to control water intaking valve JF; Resistance R₉₂, buzzer FM forms buzz circuit; As shown in Figure 8, anti-interference network 14 is by inductance L for the circuit theory diagrams of anti-interference network 14 and dc source 16₃、L ₄, capacitor C₃₉～C ₄₂The π type low pass filter that forms reaches by resistance R₀₆～R ₉₈, capacitor C₄₄～C ₄₆The double-t filter network that forms forms jointly, respectively the higher hamonic wave before the filtering rectification and the ripple after rectification; Dc source 16 is by transformer T, the whole bridge heap of silicon BD₀～BD ₃, Three-end voltage stabilizer TW₀～TW ₃, resistance R₉₆～R ₉₉, capacitor C₃₂～C ₅₂, inductance L₃～L ₄Common electrical connection forms, wherein: silicon rectification bridge heap B D₀, capacitor C₃₂～C ₃₃Form V₅The dc source of (+15V) is as the power supply of drive circuit; Silicon rectification bridge heap BD₁, capacitor C₃₄～C ₃₅Form V₆The dc source of (+5V) is as another power supply of drive circuit; Silicon rectification bridge heap BD₂, Three-end voltage stabilizer TW₃, capacitor C₃₆～ C ₃₈Form V₄The voltage-stabilized power supply of (+5V) is as the voltage-stabilized power supply on the former limit of photoelectric coupled device TIC I, Current polarity detection loop; Silicon rectification bridge heap BD₃, Three-end voltage stabilizer TW₀～TW ₂, resistance R₉₉, capacitor C₄₃、C ₄₇～C ₅₂, transistor BG₉Common electrical connection forms V₃(+5 V)、V ₁(+8V)、V ₂The voltage-stabilized power supply of (-8V) respectively as control loop, detect the power supply in loop.

The present invention compares with the control of existing various types of washing machine has following advantage and beneficial effect: after (1) this controller connects with washing machine, weight to be washed clothes and water intake velocity be can measure automatically, the dirty degree of clothes, pliability detected automatically, and according to clothing weight, dirty degree, pliability, inflow and flooding time that automatic setting is suitable, after rinsing is clean, stop rinsing automatically, thereby can cancel the level control switch for water that has all kinds of washing machines now, only reservation-individual power switch and a starting button; (2) can detect the degree of dehydration of clothes automatically, just stop automatically drying in case meet the requirements of degree of dehydration; (3) when line voltage fluctuates between 175～255V, have the automatic voltage regulation function, voltage-regulation coefficient is ± 1V, because this fuzzy controller can make washing machine keep Z=V in washing process ₁/ I ₁Be steady state value, it is constant that motor speed is roughly, therefore be the control method of least energy, than existing general automatic washing machine significant power savings is arranged, economize on electricity is more than 30% and can obtain clean result preferably, Fig. 8 has expressed the situation that power saving rate α changes with load (gl+gt), and wherein Z gets 175, has also reduced water consumption and wash time simultaneously; (4) this controller has more perfect defencive function, comprises overtension, low excessively, motor overload, short circuit, opens circuit, advances impeded drainage, the wash bucket staving is unbalance and program out of control etc. all agree have automatic protection functions, also has self-checking function during start; (5) this controller utilizes photoelectric coupled device to realize that the linear measurement of current of electric reaches and the electricity of major loop is isolated, measure electric current with common employing linear hall-effect device and compare, have reaction speed fast, measure no dead band and this controller has little, in light weight, the easy installation of volume, reliability height, performance personality than height, low cost and other advantages; (6) this controller adopts copped wave control formula AC voltage adjusting, speed-regulating controling mode, compare with the accurate speed governing of common employing PWM-type variable-frequency variable-voltage, speed stabilizing, have that reaction speed is fast, cost is low, can satisfy the motor for washer rotating speed again only needs in the requirement of regulating and need not accurate speed stabilizing, speed governing among a small circle; (7) this controller connects with existing all kinds of washing machines easily, need not big structural change and just can be changed into state-of-the-art fuzzy control washing machine, and is therefore convenient and practical, promotes easily; (8) this controller is not owing to using sensor, so circuit and manufacturing technique are simple.

Below Figure of description is further specified as follows: Fig. 1 presses V for motor side ₁With current of electric I ₁Graph of relation; This washing machine of Fig. 2 fuzzy controller circuit block diagram; Fig. 3 and Fig. 5～Fig. 8 are the circuit theory diagrams of this washing machine fuzzy controller, and wherein, Fig. 3 is the main loop circuit schematic diagram, and among the figure: XD is the capacitor operating type motor for washer, C ₈Be that running starts electric capacity, C, D point is distinguished corresponding connection with the corresponding connection of C, D point Ub, Ug, Ubn, Ugn each point respectively among the figure, A, N point respectively with the corresponding connection of A, N point of Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the B point is connected P with the B point of Fig. 6 _1.0, P _1.1, P _1.2, P _1.3Point respectively with the P of Fig. 5 single chip microcomputer Vo _1.0, P _1.1, P _1.2, P _1.3The corresponding connection of port; R ₁₁Sample resistance for current of electric; Fig. 4 is the control sequential and the output waveform schematic diagram of power switch circuit; Fig. 5 is the control loop circuit theory diagrams, A/D converter spare U among the figure ₇Port IN ₂, IN ₃, IN ₄Respectively with the IN of Fig. 6 ₂, IN ₃, IN ₄The corresponding connection of output, the U among Fig. 5 ₁₂With six high-voltage drive U among Fig. 7 ₁₂Reality is with a slice device, latch U ₁₁DO ₂Output port directly output is used for the lampet control signal that dirty degree is measured; Fig. 6 is for detecting the loop circuit schematic diagram, among the figure transformer T actual be the winding of transformer T among Fig. 8, DO among the figure ₂The U of end points and Fig. 5 ₁₁Exit point DO ₂Be connected P _1.4, P _1.5Exit point respectively with the P of Fig. 5 single chip microcomputer Uo _1.4, P _1.5The corresponding connection of port; Fig. 7 is the output circuit schematic diagram, among the figure 5Y, 6Y end points respectively with 5Y, the 6Y point of Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 in U ₁₂In 5Y, the corresponding connection of 6Y port; Fig. 8 is anti-interference network and DC power supply circuit schematic diagram; Fig. 9 is power saving rate α and load (g _l+ g _t) graph of relation; The docked mode figure of this fuzzy controller of Figure 10 and washing machine; Figure 11 is this fuzzy Control program flow diagram.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows: (1) presses Fig. 3 and Fig. 5～circuit diagram draw PCB shown in Figure 8, screens components and parts then and assembles, wherein BG ₁～BG ₄Optional up to standard pipe D798 type, BG ₅～BG ₈Optional 9014 types, bidirectional triode thyristor TR ₁～TR ₅Optional BTAo6 type, TILT ₁～TILT ₄Optional TLP521-4A type, the optional P521 type of TILI, 8 monolithics of single chip microcomputer Uo optional MCS-51 series are little wants 8031, U ₂Can select the 74LS08 type for use, U ₃, U ₄Can select the 74LS164 type for use, U ₅, U ₁₁Can select the 74LS373 type for use, U ₆Can select 2732 types for use, U ₇Can select the ADC0809 type for use, U ₈Can select the 74LS32 type for use, U ₉Can select the 74LS04 type for use, U ₁₀Can select the 74LS74 type for use, U ₁₂Can select 7407 types for use, U ₁₃Can select the LM393 type for use, U ₁₄, U ₁₅Can select the LM324 type for use, diode D ₁～D ₄Can select withstand voltage 600V for use, the diode of electric current 6A, the optional suitable numerical value of other component parameters; (2) assemble printed circuit board (PCB) after, can carry out debugging single board earlier, then by shown in Figure 1 and above description of drawings connect debugging, refill shell and outconnector, just can implement the present invention.The inventor produces a model machine by above-mentioned embodiment, and connects test with washing machine, and is respond well.Its with the docked mode of present washing machine as shown in Figure 9, existing washing machine keeps motor QD, water intaking valve, dump valve, clutch, buzzer, power plug wire and power switch S, button XA and gives up its water level controller, electric components such as program switch, circuit board and remaining button, connect fuzzy controller of the present invention and become to behind the state-of-the-art fuzzy control washing machine, its mechanical structure is constant substantially.The software control procedure that the inventor adopted is to utilize 8031 single chip microcomputer sheets to compile the system program of language compilation, takies 4KB approximately, and the program flow diagram of its control procedure as shown in figure 11.Its control program is as follows: press power switch, judge whether to have dropped into laundry item, if drop into, then carry out from remeasurement and carry out self check simultaneously, judged whether that net presses too high, low excessively, faults such as major loop opens circuit, short circuit and motor long term overloading; If fault is arranged, then enter handling procedure; If normally record deadweight, then provide index signal and allow the user drop into to wait to wash clothes; If drop into etc. washed already, then can't carry out from remeasurement, the washing machine deadweight is steady state value substantially in its tangible quite a while, so can directly not carry out to set the deadweight value from remeasurement, " anhydrous operation " program that adopts is used for the washing machine maintenance, carry out " anhydrous operation " program during maintenance earlier, comprise that two displays show " 8 " word, impeller rotation 6 seconds, empty water inlet 6 seconds, dehydration 6 seconds, buzzing 8 seconds; Change the full automatic washing process then over to, carry out self check and from remeasurement; When having moved self check and behind remeasurement, promptly having changed wait state over to; After the user drops into laundry item, press starting button, begin to carry out washing process, the method for measuring clothing weight to be washed is the corresponding weight of the new stall point of measuring and calculating, this weight deducts deadweight go, is laundry item weight gl; Determine water intake velocity then, its method is to fix water inlet t second, calculates the corresponding weight of new stall point again, and this weight deducts deadweight go and clothing weight gl to be washed, is into water weight gt, thereby can calculate water intake velocity Vt=gt/t; This fuzzy controller is set: clothing water absorption rate＜200% o'clock is decided to be by force to be washed; Wash a little less than water absorption rate＞350% o'clock is decided to be, water absorption rate is decided to be standard between 200～350% washes, and this regulation with general automatic washing machine is identical; The method of measuring water absorption rate is according to laundry item weight gl and water intake velocity Vt, determine to produce inflow and cover the water certain hour by the water absorption rate of maximum possible, draining certain hour to remaining water is absorbed by waiting to wash clothes substantially then, calculate the corresponding weight of stall point again, this heavy reason deducts deadweight go and laundry item weight gl, be water absorption g β to be washed clothes, thereby calculate water absorption rate β=g β/gl * 100%, can determine the pliability of laundry item; Determine inflow and the water inlet of washing cycle according to laundry item weight gl and water absorption rate β, water inlet finishes, behind elder generation's prewashing certain hour, draining 1～3 second, in draining the dirty degree Vz of measuring and calculating laundry item, determine to cover the water yield and cover water according to dirty degree Vz again; Cover water and finish, promptly begin whole washing cycle, wash time determines that according to weight gl, pliability, dirty degree Vz to be washed clothes it is draining that washing finishes, and dewaters then a set time; Just floating the cycle, closing into water after the fills with water, draining, dehydration-set time again after one set time of rinsing; Inferior float the cycle fills with water after, do not close into water, in rinse cycle, detect in real time the dirty degree of water, when meeting the requirements of wash degree, stop rinsing, draining finishes, and dewatering in the back and detects degree of dehydration in dehydration in real time, when reaching desired degree of dehydration, stop dehydration; The buzzing certain hour is reminded the user then, finishes whole washing process.

Claims

1, a kind of fuzzy control method for washer, it is characterized in that it is to utilize the motor of washing machine itself as weight sensor to be washed clothes, clothes cloth matter pliability sensor and clothes dehydration degree sensor, and design has the dirty degree sensor of a kind of optical sensor as laundry item, motor has different stall points to different loads, calculate the stall point parameter under the respective load, the end of motor is pressed and electric current when being stall, just can determine the size of load capacity, after the deadweight of measuring and calculating washing machine, calculate the corresponding weight of new stall point again, this weight deducts the washing machine deadweight, is the weight of laundry item; Clothing has different separately water absorption rates, its measuring method is according to laundry item weight and water intake velocity, draining after determining to cover the water yield and cover the water certain hour by 300～500% maximum possible water absorption rates, calculate stall again and put pairing weight, this weight deducts washing machine deadweight and laundry item weight, be the water absorption of laundry item, thereby can calculate the water absorption rate of laundry item, can determine the cloth matter pliability of laundry item; According to fixed laundry item weight and water absorption rate thereof, can determine the inflow of washing cycle, when behind the prewashing certain hour draining time, utilize very dirty its light transmittance of laundry water poor, all right principle of laundry not dirty its light transmittance of water just can calculate the dirty degree of laundry item; After the clean draining of rinsing, dewater, in dehydration, detect degree of dehydration in real time, when meeting the requirements of dehydration degree, promptly stop dehydration.

2, a kind of fuzzy control method for washer, it is characterized in that its specific implementation method is according to the initiating signal at input circuit, after the single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit is accepted, export control signal in real time, go the logical of driving power switch by photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit output drive signal, disconnected, power switch circuit output control signal is after output filter removes higher hamonic wave, just removing to control motor for washer by the motor commutation switch again, opposite spin, motor is as weight to be washed clothes, cloth is taken out pliability, and dehydration degree sensor, the signal of the dynamo-electric rheologyization of motor side piezoelectricity, through synchronizing voltage, circuit and current detection circuit are fed to voltage respectively, current polarity testing circuit and A/D conversion front end circuit, light sensors to the dirty degree signal of clothes also be transported to A/D conversion front end circuit, all be transported to single chip microcomputer then and receive and handle, the stall point end pressure value V that the single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit is surveyed in view of the above ₁, current of electric I ₁, and V ₁With I ₁Between phase angle ψ ₁With dirty degree to be washed clothes, calculate weight to be washed clothes, cloth matter pliability, wash degree, dehydration degree etc., and determine that in view of the above parameters such as washing agent consumption, inflow, flooding time, wash time, rinsing time, dewatering time also output a control signal to output circuit in real time, the lampet that output circuit goes to control the switching of water intaking valve, draining valve, clutch, buzzer, motor forward and backward switch respectively and is used for optical sensor according to these control signals is realized fuzzy Automatic Control.

3, a kind of fuzzy control method for washer, it is characterized in that control program is as follows: press power switch, judge whether dropped into laundry item, if drop into, then carry out, and carry out self check simultaneously from remeasurement, overtension, low excessively, fault such as major loop opens circuit, short circuit and motor long term overloading have been judged whether, if there is fault then to enter exception handles,, then provides index signal and allow the user drop into to wait to wash clothes if normally record deadweight; If drop into laundry item already, then can't carry out from remeasurement, in fact, in the quite a while, the washing machine deadweight is steady state value substantially, so can directly not carry out can setting the deadweight value from remeasurement; " anhydrous operation " program that adopts comprises that two displays show " 8 " words, after impeller rotation, empty water inlet, dehydration, the buzzing, changes the full automatic washing process then over to, carries out self check and from remeasurement; When having moved self check and behind remeasurement, promptly having changed wait state over to, after the user drops into laundry item, press starting button, begin to carry out washing process, the method for measuring clothing weight to be washed is the corresponding weight of the new stall point of measuring and calculating, this weight deducts deadweight go, is laundry item weight gl; Determine water intake velocity then, its method is to fix water inlet t second, calculates the corresponding weight of new stall point again, and this weight deducts deadweight go and clothing weight gl to be washed, is into water weight gt, thereby can calculates water intake velocity Vt=gt/t; The method of measuring water absorption rate is according to laundry item weight gl and water intake velocity Vt, determine to cover the water yield and cover the water certain hour by the water absorption rate of maximum possible, the draining certain hour is to remaining water then, absorbed by waiting to wash clothes substantially, calculate the corresponding weight of stall point again, this weight deducts deadweight go and laundry item weight gl, is water absorption g β to be washed clothes, thereby calculate water absorption rate β=g β/gl * 100%, can determine the pliability of laundry item; Determine inflow and the water inlet of washing cycle according to laundry item weight gl and water absorption rate β, water inlet finishes, select the prewashing certain hour after, draining 1～3 second, the dirty degree Vz of measuring and calculating laundry item determines to cover the water yield and covers water according to dirty degree Vz again in draining; Cover water and finish, promptly begin whole washing cycle, wash time determines that according to weight gl to be washed clothes, pliability, dirty degree Vz it is draining that washing finishes, and dewaters then a set time; Just floating the cycle, closing into water after the fills with water, draining after one set time of rinsing is dewatered a set time again; Float the cycle inferior, after the fills with water, do not close into water, in rinse cycle, detect the dirty degree of water in real time, when meeting the requirements of wash degree, stop rinsing, dewater after draining finishes and in dehydration, detect in real time degree of dehydration, when reaching desired degree of dehydration, stop dehydration; The buzzing certain hour is reminded the user then, finishes the control program of whole washing process.

4, a kind of washing machine fuzzy controller of forming by casing, connecting line, printed circuit board (PCB), it is characterized in that its circuit is electrically connected jointly and is formed by major loop, control loop, detection loop, anti-interference network (14) output circuit (15), DC power supply circuit (16), wherein, major loop is electrically connected jointly by power-supply filter (1), power switch road (2), output filter (3), motor commutation on-off circuit (4), photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit (5) and forms; Control loop is electrically connected jointly and is formed by single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit (6), input circuit (7), display circuit (8); Detecting the loop is electrically connected jointly and is formed by synchronizing voltage circuit (9), current detection circuit (10), optical sensor circuit (11), A/D conversion front end circuit (12), electric current and voltage polarity detection circuit (13).

5, by the described washing machine fuzzy controller of claim 4, it is characterized in that in the described major loop: power-supply filter (1) is by inductance L ₁Capacitor C ₁, C ₂, piezo-resistance R ₁, resistance R ₂Be electrically connected composition jointly; Power switch circuit (2) is by triode BG ₁～BG ₄, diode D ₁～D ₄, resistance R ₃, R ₅, piezo-resistance R ₄, R ₆, capacitor C ₃, C ₄Be electrically connected composition jointly; Output filter (3) is by inductance L ₂, capacitor C ₅Form; Motor commutation on-off circuit (4) is by bidirectional triode thyristor TR ₁, TR ₂, resistance R ₇～R ₁₀, capacitor C ₆, C ₇Be electrically connected composition jointly; Photoelectricity isolation and drive circuit (5) are by four LMDS Light Coupled Device TILT ₁～TILT ₄, resistance R ₁₂～R ₃₁, capacitor C ₉～C ₁₂, triode BG ₅～BG ₈Be electrically connected composition jointly.

6, by the described washing machine fuzzy controller of claim 4, it is characterized in that in the described control loop: single chip microcomputer real-time control circuit (6) is by single chip microcomputer U ₀, latch U ₅, U ₁₁, memory U ₆, A/D converter spare U ₇, or the door U ₈, phase inverter U ₉, d type flip flop U ₁₀, six high-voltage drive U ₁₂Be electrically connected composition jointly; Input circuit (7) is by resistance R ₄₉, capacitor C ₁₆And button QA constitutes jointly; Display circuit (8) by with door U ₂, the 8 bit shift register U that seal in and go out ₃, U ₄, resistance R ₃₂～R ₄₇And nixie display spare LED ₀, LED ₁Be electrically connected composition jointly.

7, by the described washing machine fuzzy controller of claim 4, it is characterized in that in the described detection loop: electric current and voltage polarity detection circuit (L ₃) in the synchronizing voltage polarity detection circuit by voltage comparator spare U _13-1, resistance R ₄₉～R ₅₃, capacitor C ₁₈, diode D ₈～D ₁₀Be electrically connected composition jointly, the current polarity testing circuit is by voltage comparator spare U _13-2, resistance R ₇₆～R ₈₀, capacitor C ₂₆, diode D ₁₉～D ₂₁Be electrically connected formation jointly; Current detection circuit (10) is by photoelectric coupled device TILI, resistance R ₆₀～R ₆₅, capacitor C ₂₂～C ₂₅, diode D ₁₅, operational amplifier U _14-1, U _14-2Be electrically connected formation jointly; Net in the A/D conversion front end circuit (12) presses A/D conversion front end circuit by diode D ₆, Zener diode D ₇, capacitor C ₁₇Be electrically connected formation jointly, running current A/D conversion front end circuit is by operational amplifier U _15-1, resistance R ₈₁～R ₈₈, potentiometer W ₂, capacitor C ₂₈, diode D ₂₂, Zener diode D ₂₃Be electrically connected formation jointly, locked rotor current A/D conversion front end circuit is by operational amplifier U _15-2, resistance R ₆₆～R ₇₅, potentiometer W ₁, capacitor C ₂₆, Zener diode D ₁₆, D ₁₈, diode D ₁₇Be electrically connected composition jointly; Optical sensor circuit (11) is by operational amplifier U _14-3, U _{1 4-4}, resistance R ₅₄～R ₅₉, capacitor C ₁₉～C ₂₁, diode D ₁₁～D ₁₃Zener diode D ₁₄, large-power light-emitting diodes DG, photodiode DM, be electrically connected formation jointly.

8, by the described washing machine fuzzy controller of claim 4, it is characterized in that described output circuit (15) is by six high-voltage drive V ₁₂, resistance R ₈₉～R ₉₂Be electrically connected composition jointly; Anti-interference network (14) is by inductance L ₃, L ₄, capacitor C ₃₉～C ₄₂The π type low pass filter that constitutes reaches by resistance R ₉₆～R ₉₈, capacitor C ₄₄～C ₄₆The double-t filter network worker who constitutes is with forming; Dc source (16) is by transformer T, silicon rectification bridge heap BD ₀～BD ₃, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing device TW ₀～TW ₃, resistance R ₉₆～R ₉₉, capacitor C ₃₂～C ₅₂, inductance L ₃, L ₄Be electrically connected formation jointly.