CN112526515A - Surface deformation detection method based on synthetic aperture radar interferometry - Google Patents
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
Abstract
The invention discloses a ground surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology, which is characterized by collecting synthetic aperture radar images of a region to be detected and sequencing the images according to shooting time; selecting two images with the time interval of 1 year in a wide mode, and processing the images by using a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a surface deformation quantity overview in the interval period; and extracting the range of the deformation area, cutting all the synthetic aperture radar images according to the range of the deformation area, and processing the cut images by using a time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a detailed deformation time series diagram of the area. The method can realize the quick acquisition of the deformation range and the deformation magnitude of the earth surface under the condition that whether the earth surface is deformed or not is uncertain in advance, is favorable for the quick identification of the hidden danger points of the geological disaster, and has positive effects on improving the general investigation efficiency of the geological disaster in a large range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface deformation monitoring, in particular to a surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry.
Background
As a novel space-to-ground observation technology, the Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology has the characteristics of all weather, wide coverage, high precision and the like, has the advantage of unique thickness in the field of ground surface deformation monitoring, and is widely applied to the fields of urban ground settlement monitoring, side slope deformation monitoring, crust deformation monitoring, artificial building deformation monitoring and the like, and has better effect. The InSAR technology mainly comprises differential interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) and Time Series interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar (TS-InSAR), wherein the monitoring precision of the D-InSAR technology can reach the centimeter level, and can be generally used for detecting the change of the annual accumulation form into the millimeter-level ground surface and the monitoring precision of the TS-InSAR technology can reach the millimeter level, and can be generally used for detecting the change of the annual accumulation form into the millimeter-level ground surface. The D-InSAR technology only carries out differential processing on two images and is easily influenced by the loss coherence factor with the atmospheric effect as the main factor, so the D-InSAR technology has the characteristics of short calculation time and poor precision, while the TS-InSAR technology generally has dozens of scenes in image number and can better eliminate the influence of the loss coherence factor such as the atmospheric effect and the like, so the precision is higher, but the calculation time is increased in a geometric progression manner. Taking an sentry 1A Wide (IW) image as an example, the range of a 1-view image is about 250km × 200km, the pixel resolution after multi-view is 15m, the pixel order of the 1-view image is 2 × 108, and the total number of pixels involved in one processing of the D-InSAR technology is 4 × 108. When the PS-InSAR technology is used for processing the 20-scene image, the total number of involved pixels is 19 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 108 to 7.6 multiplied by 109, and when the SBAS-InSAR technology is used for processing the 20-scene image, the total number of involved pixels is 190 multiplied by 4 at most
The x 108 is 7.6 × 1010, the calculation amount is increased by 19 times and 190 times, and only a part of the image is actually subjected to the surface deformation, so that the calculation time is long.
The current solutions to the above problems are mainly two types: firstly, software and hardware required by calculation are upgraded, the resolving efficiency is improved, and the method still catches the elbow for large-range surface deformation calculation; secondly, the image is firstly cut, and TS-InSAR calculation is only carried out on the image in the deformation area, but the method is difficult to be applied to geological disaster investigation with unknown deformation area range.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the limitations and defects of the prior art, the invention provides a surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the synthetic aperture radar images of the same satellite in the repeated orbit wide mode of different time nodes of the area to be detected, and sequencing the synthetic aperture radar images according to time;
selecting any two synthetic aperture radar images with the time interval of 1 year, and acquiring a deformation quantity general diagram of the to-be-detected area by using a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology;
extracting the range of a local deformation area from the deformation quantity general diagram, and cutting all the synthetic aperture radar images according to the range of the local deformation area;
and processing the cut synthetic aperture radar image by using a time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology to obtain a time series detailed diagram of local deformation.
Optionally, the observation period of the synthetic aperture radar image is fixed, the image time span is greater than 1 year, the image time span and the observation period are in a positive correlation relationship, and the total number of the synthetic aperture radar images is greater than 18.
Optionally, the time interval of any two synthetic aperture radar images is set according to the observation environment, and the image time avoids the winter covered by snow;
the differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry method uses a high-precision digital elevation model, satellite precise orbit data and atmospheric correction data to improve the precision of the deformation general diagram of the area to be detected;
and when the deformation quantity sketch can not identify an effective deformation value, selecting another two synthetic aperture radar images to continue to carry out differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry calculation until the used images are overlapped in time and equal to the time span of all the synthetic aperture radar images.
Optionally, the range of the local deformation region is a rectangle completely covering the local deformation region, and the area of the rectangle is greater than or equal to 1km × 1 km.
Optionally, the time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique includes a permanent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique or a small baseline aggregation synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a ground surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology, which is characterized in that synthetic aperture radar images of a to-be-detected area are collected and sorted according to shooting time; selecting two images with the time interval of 1 year in a wide mode, and processing the images by using a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a surface deformation quantity overview in the interval period; and extracting the range of the deformation area, cutting all the synthetic aperture radar images according to the range of the deformation area, and processing the cut images by using a time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a detailed deformation time series diagram of the area. The technical scheme provided by the invention can realize quick acquisition of the deformation range and the deformation magnitude of the earth surface under the condition that whether the earth surface is deformed or not is not determined in advance, is favorable for quick identification of hidden danger points of geological disasters, and has a positive effect on improving the general investigation efficiency of the geological disasters in a large range. The technical scheme provided by the invention can realize the rapid detection of the large-scale ground surface deformation, rapidly extract the deformation range and greatly improve the calculation efficiency of the local deformation value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting surface deformation based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surface deformation according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the deformation of the earth's surface according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a deformation time sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the method for detecting surface deformation based on the synthetic aperture radar interferometry provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for rapidly detecting surface deformation based on InSAR technology, which mainly comprises the following steps: collecting repeated orbit wide mode SAR images of the same satellite at different time nodes of a to-be-detected area, and sequencing according to time; selecting any two SAR images with the time interval of 1 year, and acquiring a deformation quantity general diagram of a to-be-detected area by using a D-InSAR technology; step three, extracting the range of the local deformation area from the deformation quantity sketch, and cutting all SAR images according to the range; and step four, processing the cut image by utilizing a TS-InSAR technology to obtain a time sequence detailed diagram of local deformation.
The observation period of the SAR image in the step one is fixed, the time span is preferably more than 1 year, when the image time span is large, the observation period is long, when the image time span is small, the observation period can be properly shortened, but the total number of the SAR images is ensured to be more than 18.
In the second step, the time interval of any two SAR images can be properly increased under the condition of good observation environment (less vegetation coverage and gentle terrain), and the image time needs to avoid the winter covered by snow; the D-InSAR method adopts a high-precision DEM, satellite precise orbit data and atmospheric correction data to improve the precision of the deformation probability map of the detection area as much as possible; and when the deformation quantity general graph cannot identify the effective deformation value, selecting another two images to continue D-InSAR solution until the used images are overlapped in time and equal to the time span of all SAR images.
The deformation area range in the third step is a rectangle completely covering the local deformation area, and the minimum area of the deformation area range is 1km multiplied by 1 km. The TS-InSAR technology in the fourth step comprises Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (PS-InSAR) of permanent Scatterer, Small Baseline set of Synthetic Aperture Radar, and all time series interferometry methods derived on the basis of the former.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting surface deformation based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment provides a method for rapidly detecting surface deformation based on an InSAR technology, which comprises the following steps:
downloading and collecting the repeated orbit SAR images in the research area, and in order to enable the coverage area of the images to be as wide as possible, suggesting to use wide-format data, wherein the data interval is integral multiple of the satellite return period, sequencing the data according to time, and ensuring that the time intervals of two adjacent images are equal as much as possible.
And step two, selecting any two SAR images with the time interval of 1 year, avoiding the winter covered by the accumulated snow as much as possible, and properly increasing the selection time interval of the images when the vegetation coverage of the research area is less and the terrain is flat. And then processing the selected images by using a D-InSAR technology, wherein the method mainly comprises a series of steps of image registration, interferogram generation, interference flattening, atmospheric correction, filtering, phase unwrapping, orbit refining and re-flattening, and geocoding, and a ground surface deformation sketch map of the research area is obtained. And when the deformation quantity sketch map cannot identify an effective deformation value, selecting another two images to continue D-InSAR solution until the used images are overlapped in time and equal to the time span of all SAR images.
And step three, extracting the range of the local deformation area from the deformation quantity general diagram, and cutting all SAR images according to the range, wherein the range of the deformation area is a rectangle completely covering the local deformation area, and the minimum area of the deformation area is 1km multiplied by 1 km.
And step four, processing the cut images by using a PS-InSAR or SBAS-InSAR technology, and mainly comprising main image selection, image registration, interferogram generation, interference flattening, filtering, phase unwrapping, orbit refining and re-flattening, atmospheric phase estimation and geocoding to obtain a time sequence detail diagram of local deformation.
Considering the commonality of different SAR satellites in both "wide" and "narrow" data, the present embodiment takes the application of the data of the sentry 1A satellite in the european space as an example to describe the effect of the present invention in detail.
In this embodiment, the data of the two scene rising sentry 1A satellite in 2017 and 2018 are selected, D-InSAR sar data processing is performed according to the flow described in step two, and corresponding precise orbit data and weather forecast data in mid-european term are downloaded for orbit refining and atmospheric correction, and the obtained general diagram of surface deformation is shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a surface deformation according to a first embodiment of the present invention. From fig. 2, it can be seen that there are three distinct local settlement centers 1, 2, 3, which are respectively the southeast part of Beijing, the Hebei corridor, and the surrounding, Wuqing district Wangqing lump town.
Due to the influence of residual atmospheric effects and air incoherent effects, the obtained settlement value and range are inaccurate, the SBAS-InSAR technology is used for further settlement of the cut area 3, the selected image time span is from 2017 to 2019 of 1 month and 12 months, the time interval is 1/month, and the obtained accurate scene deformation result is shown in fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the deformation of the earth's surface according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Under the working mode of the high-performance server, the time required for performing time sequence processing by using all 24 scene images is 20.8 multiplied by 24 hours, the method comprehensively consumes 1.5 multiplied by 24 hours, the calculation efficiency can be obviously improved, and the local deformation characteristics can be finely reflected. The time series of deformations of the local settlement centers is shown in figure 4. Fig. 4 is a diagram of a deformation time sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a ground surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology, which is used for collecting synthetic aperture radar images of an area to be detected and sequencing the images according to shooting time; selecting two images with the time interval of 1 year in a wide mode, and processing the images by using a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a surface deformation quantity overview in the interval period; and extracting the range of the deformation area, cutting all the synthetic aperture radar images according to the range of the deformation area, and processing the cut images by using a time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique to obtain a detailed deformation time series diagram of the area. The technical scheme that this embodiment provided can realize obtaining earth's surface deformation scope and deformation magnitude's fast under the circumstances of uncertain earth's surface whether has deformation in advance, is favorable to the quick discernment of geological disaster hidden danger point, has the positive effect to improving geological disaster census efficiency in the large scale. The technical scheme that this embodiment provided can realize extracting the deformation scope fast to the short-term test of earth's surface deformation on a large scale, greatly improves the computational efficiency of local deformation value.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A surface deformation detection method based on a synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting the synthetic aperture radar images of the same satellite in the repeated orbit wide mode of different time nodes of the area to be detected, and sequencing the synthetic aperture radar images according to time;
selecting any two synthetic aperture radar images with the time interval of 1 year, and acquiring a deformation quantity general diagram of the to-be-detected area by using a differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology;
extracting the range of a local deformation area from the deformation quantity general diagram, and cutting all the synthetic aperture radar images according to the range of the local deformation area;
and processing the cut synthetic aperture radar image by using a time series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology to obtain a time series detailed diagram of local deformation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the synthetic aperture radar images have a fixed observation period, an image time span greater than 1 year, the image time span and the observation period are positively correlated, and the total number of synthetic aperture radar images is greater than 18.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time interval between any two synthetic aperture radar images is set according to the observation environment, and the image time avoids the snow covered winter;
the differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry method uses a high-precision digital elevation model, satellite precise orbit data and atmospheric correction data to improve the precision of the deformation general diagram of the area to be detected;
and when the deformation quantity sketch can not identify an effective deformation value, selecting another two synthetic aperture radar images to continue to carry out differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry calculation until the used images are overlapped in time and equal to the time span of all the synthetic aperture radar images.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the local deformation region is a rectangle completely covering the local deformation region, and the area of the rectangle is greater than or equal to 1km x 1 km.
5. The synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique-based surface deformation detection method of claim 1, wherein the time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique comprises a permanent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique or a small baseline ensemble synthetic aperture radar interferometry technique.
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