CN111856463A - Method for calculating maximum effective interference baseline of synthetic aperture radar differential interference measurement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for calculating a maximum effective interference baseline of synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry, which comprises the following steps of 1: data collection, comprising: radar center transmitting frequency, radar system bandwidth, radar signal-to-noise ratio, SAR incident angle and satellite flying height; step 2: calculating a registration error and a loss coherence and critical interference baseline caused by radar thermal noise; and step 3: the mathematical model provided by the invention is used for solving the maximum effective interference baseline of the differential interference measurement of the specific SAR sensor; and 4, step 4: if the SAR image is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline, differential interference or small baseline set interference processing can be carried out, otherwise PS-InSAR processing is required. The method is based on radar center transmitting frequency, radar system bandwidth, radar signal-to-noise ratio, satellite flight altitude and SAR incident angle, and the provided mathematical model is used for solving the maximum effective interference baseline of synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry so as to determine a specific InSAR processing method to obtain the surface deformation distribution information of the research area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of acquiring ground (same underground) settlement information in space-to-ground observation, engineering measurement and geological disaster monitoring, in particular to the fields of regional ground settlement monitoring, urban ground settlement monitoring caused by underground water excess mining, ground settlement monitoring caused by underground mining in mining areas, earthquake same-earthquake deformation monitoring and the like. The invention provides a method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline in the differential interference measurement and small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing of a synthetic aperture radar in the technical field.
Background
In obtaining the deformation information of the earth surface (ground) by utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, the concrete processing method which can be adopted comprises the following steps: differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR, differential interferometric interferometry) and Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (Multi-temporal synthetic aperture interferometry) or advanced temporal InSAR techniques [ mainly including Small-baseline dataset interferometry (SBAS) and permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) ]. However, the adaptation conditions differ for each treatment method. The method comprises the following steps that (1) a differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR) method and a Small-baseline data set (SBAS) method require that a monitoring area distribution scatterer has high coherence; (see [1] ZEBKER, H.A.and VILLASENOR, J.,1992, Decorration in interfacial radiation. IEEE Transactions on Geosyelectricity and remove Sensing,30, 950-. When the coherence between the scatterers of the distribution of the monitored area is low, differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR) or small baseline dataset (SBAS) interferometry cannot be performed (see [3] Ferretti A., Rocca F., Prati C.. Permanent scattering in SAR interferometry [ C ].1999, proceedings of International Geoscience and remote Sensing Symposium: 1528-; while the permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) aims at the high-coherence permanent scatterer in the monitoring area, and has no clear requirement on the vertical baseline of the SAR image.
The vertical baseline between SAR images is a main factor causing the incoherent state of the distributed scatterers, and if the vertical baseline between SAR images is larger than a certain value, the incoherent state caused by the vertical baseline will result in that the differential radar interferometric measurement or the small baseline set (SBAS) interferometric process cannot be performed, but only the permanent scatterer interferometric process (PS-InSAR) process (see [4] Zhou Y S, Hong W, Wang Y P, et al. maximum interferometric base for polar interferometric measurement for stationary SAR estimation. science information sciences,2012,55: 867; [5] CHEN, E.X., LI, Z.Y.and CHEN, X.J.,2000, generative DEM interference from and interference. In view of this, before performing the InSAR interferometric processing, a specific InSAR processing method needs to be selected according to the size of the vertical baseline value of the SAR image pair.
At present, the most representative method is to take 0.25-0.45 times of the critical interference baseline value as the maximum effective interference baseline in the famous ENVI-SARSCAPE software by mainly utilizing an empirical method at home and abroad. If the SAR image is smaller than the vertical baseline value, differential interference or small baseline set interference processing can be carried out. As can be seen, this method is somewhat blind. In practical applications, it is often difficult to obtain satisfactory results and extensive adjustments have to be made.
Therefore, on the basis of theoretical research, the method calculates the accurate maximum effective interference baseline by combining with practical application, and has important significance for improving the quality of InSAR processing results and improving the working efficiency of interference processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of the synthetic aperture radar differential interference measurement. The method comprises the steps of calculating a maximum effective interference baseline of synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry by using a provided mathematical model, and determining to adopt an InSAR processing specific method to improve the quality of InSAR processing results, improve interference processing efficiency and obtain surface deformation distribution information of a research area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of the differential interferometry of a synthetic aperture radar comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting radar system parameters, SAR satellite positions and attitude parameters, wherein the radar system parameters comprise: radar centre transmission frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwRadar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SAR satellite position and attitude parameters include: SAR satellite flight altitude H0Radar incident angle theta;
step 2: respectively calculating radar thermal noise and image registration error loss coherence according to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the radar and the SAR image registration error, and solving a critical interference base line according to the radar center transmitting frequency, the radar system bandwidth, the SAR satellite height and the radar incident angle to provide data support for the step 3;
and step 3: according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration error and radar thermal noise induced loss coherence, the maximum effective interference baseline is obtained by using the mathematical model provided by the invention, and a specific method for InSAR processing is determined;
and 4, step 4: if the SAR image is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline to the vertical baseline, differential interference or small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing can be carried out; otherwise, PS-InSAR interference processing is required to obtain interference measurement results, namely the information of the surface deformation distribution of the research area.
In step 1, the following data is obtained from a header file or a parameter file of SAR data provided by a provider: radar centre transmission frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwRadar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), SAR satellite flight altitude H0And radar angle theta, provide the necessary data support for step 2 and step 3.
The step 2 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar, the loss coherence caused by the thermal noise of the radar is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (1), SNR is radar signal-to-noise ratio.
(2) According to the SAR image registration error, calculating the loss coherence caused by the registration error by the following formulas respectively:
ρcoreg＝sinc(μr).sinc(μa) (2)
in the formula (2) < mu >rIs the registration error in the skew direction; mu.saIs the azimuthal registration error.
(3) According to the radar center transmitting frequency, the radar system bandwidth, the SAR satellite flight altitude and the radar incidence angle, calculating a critical interference baseline by using the following formula:
in the formula (3), f0Transmitting a frequency for the radar center; b iswIs the radar system bandwidth; h0Is the SAR satellite flight altitude; θ is the radar incident angle.
The step 3 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration error and radar thermal noise induced loss coherence, the maximum effective interference baseline is calculated by using the following mathematical model provided by the invention:
in the formula (4), BcIs a critical interference baseline; rhothermalLoss of coherence caused by radar thermal noise; rhocoregIs the loss coherence caused by image registration error; k is a phase unwrapping coherence threshold which is between 0.18 and 0.25 and is taken according to the overall coherence degree of a research area.
The step 4 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) if the vertical baseline between SAR image pairs is less than the maximum effective interference baseline BmfThen differential interference processing or small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing may be performed.
(2) And if the vertical baseline between the SAR image pairs is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline, performing PS-InSAR interference treatment.
(3) And acquiring the interference measurement result, namely the ground surface deformation distribution information of the research area.
The method is suitable for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of differential interference and small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing when the SAR system is subjected to interference processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the SAR image interference basic theory, based on radar system parameters, SAR satellite position and attitude parameters, the method and the mathematical model provided by the invention can accurately calculate the maximum effective interference baseline of differential interference measurement; the existing estimation method for the maximum effective interference baseline is mainly empirical, namely the percentage of the critical baseline is estimated, and certain blindness is achieved. In practical application, the method has blindness and experience, and is difficult to obtain satisfactory effect, but has to be adjusted greatly and then subjected to SAR interference treatment, so that the quality and efficiency of SAR interference treatment are obviously affected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating a maximum effective interference baseline of a synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of the synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry provided by the present invention has the following steps:
step 1: and collecting radar system parameters, SAR satellite positions and attitude parameters. The radar system parameters include: radar centre transmission frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwRadar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SAR satellite position and attitude parameters include: SAR satellite flight altitude H0Radar incident angle theta;
step 2: respectively calculating radar thermal noise and image registration error loss coherence according to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the radar and the SAR image registration error, and then obtaining a critical interference base line according to the radar center transmitting frequency, the radar system bandwidth, the SAR satellite height and the radar incident angle so as to provide data support for the step 3;
(1) according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar, the loss coherence caused by the thermal noise of the radar is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (1), SNR is radar signal-to-noise ratio.
(2) According to the SAR image registration error, calculating the loss coherence caused by the registration error by the following formulas respectively:
ρcoreg＝sinc(μr).sinc(μa) (2)
in the formula (2) < mu >rIs the registration error in the skew direction; mu.saIs the azimuthal registration error.
(3) According to the radar center transmitting frequency, the radar system bandwidth, the SAR satellite flight altitude and the radar incidence angle, calculating a critical interference baseline by using the following formula:
in the formula (3), f0Transmitting a frequency for the radar center; b iswIs the radar system bandwidth; h0Is the SAR satellite flight altitude; θ is the radar incident angle.
And step 3: according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration error and radar thermal noise induced loss coherence, the maximum effective interference baseline is obtained by utilizing the mathematical model provided by the invention so as to determine a specific method for InSAR processing; the realization process is as follows:
according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration error and radar thermal noise induced loss coherence, the maximum effective interference baseline is calculated by using the following mathematical model provided by the invention:
in the formula (4), BcIs a critical interference baseline; rhothermalLoss of coherence caused by radar thermal noise; rhocoregIs the loss coherence caused by image registration error; k is phase unwrapping coherence threshold coefficient between 0.18-0.25 according to the region of interestAnd (4) taking the value of the overall coherence degree.
And 4, step 4: and if the SAR image is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline to the vertical baseline, carrying out differential interference processing or small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing. Otherwise, PS-InSAR interference processing is required to obtain interference measurement results, namely the information of the surface deformation distribution of the research area.
The concrete implementation process of the step 4 is as follows:
(1) if the vertical baseline between SAR image pairs is less than the maximum effective interference baseline BmfThen differential interference or small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing is performed.
(2) And if the vertical baseline between the SAR image pairs is larger than the maximum effective interference baseline, performing PS-InSAR interference treatment.
(3) And acquiring the interferometric measurement result, namely the information of the deformation distribution of the earth surface in the research area.
Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A maximum effective interference baseline calculation method for synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting radar system parameters, SAR satellite positions and attitude parameters; the radar system parameters include: radar centre transmission frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwAnd radar signal-to-noise ratio, SNR; the SAR satellite position and attitude parameters include: SAR satellite flight altitude H0Radar incident angle theta;
step 2: respectively calculating the radar thermal noise and the image registration error caused by the radar signal-to-noise ratio SNR and the SAR image registration error, and then according to the radar center transmitting frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwSAR satellite altitude H0Calculating a critical interference baseline according to the radar incidence angle theta;
and step 3: according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration error and radar thermal noise induced loss coherence, the maximum effective interference baseline is obtained by utilizing the mathematical model provided by the invention so as to determine a specific method for InSAR processing;
and 4, step 4: if the vertical baseline of the SAR image is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline, Differential interferometric measurement (D-InSAR) or Small-baseline set (SBAS) interference processing can be performed, otherwise PS-InSAR (periodic interferometric synthetic aperture) interference processing is required to obtain the information of the surface deformation distribution of the interference measurement result-research area.
2. The differential interferometry maximum effective interference baseline calculation method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the data is obtained from a header file or a parameter file of the SAR data provided by a supplier: radar centre transmission frequency f0Bandwidth B of radar systemwSNR of radar signal, and SAR satellite flight altitude H0And a radar incident angle θ.
3. The method for calculating the critical interference baseline of the differential interferometry of the synthetic aperture radar according to claim 1, wherein: the step 2 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar, the loss coherence caused by the thermal noise of the radar is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula (1), SNR is radar signal-to-noise ratio;
(2) according to the SAR image registration error, calculating the loss coherence caused by the registration error by the following formulas respectively:
ρcoreg＝sinc(μr).sinc(μa) (2)
in the formula (2) < mu >rIs the registration error in the skew direction; mu.saIs the azimuth registration error;
(3) according to the radar center transmitting frequency, the radar system bandwidth, the SAR satellite flight altitude and the radar incidence angle, calculating a critical interference baseline by using the following formula:
in the formula (3), f0Transmitting a frequency for the radar center; b iswIs the radar system bandwidth; h0Is the SAR satellite flight altitude; θ is the radar incident angle.
4. The method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of the synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry according to claim 1, wherein: the step 3 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) according to the critical interference baseline, SAR image registration errors and radar thermal noise-caused loss coherence, the following mathematical model is adopted to calculate the maximum effective interference baseline:
in the formula (4), BcIs a critical interference baseline; rhothermalLoss of coherence caused by radar thermal noise; rhocoregIs the loss coherence caused by image registration error; k is a phase unwrapping coherence threshold, is taken to be between 0.18 and 0.25 and is taken according to the overall coherence degree of a research area.
5. The differential interferometry maximum effective interference baseline calculation method of claim 1, wherein: the step 4 is realized by the following specific steps:
(1) if the vertical baseline of the SAR image is smaller than the maximum effective interference baseline BmfThen differential interference or small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing can be performed;
(2) if the vertical baseline of the SAR image is larger than the maximum effective interference baseline, performing PS-InSAR interference treatment;
(3) and acquiring SAR interferometric results, namely the information of the deformation distribution of the ground surface of the research area.
6. The method for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline of the synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the method is suitable for calculating the maximum effective interference baseline in differential interference and small baseline set (SBAS) interference processing when the SAR system is subjected to interference processing.
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