CN112946647A - Atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method and device - Google Patents

Atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method and device Download PDF

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CN112946647A
CN112946647A CN202110142605.4A CN202110142605A CN112946647A CN 112946647 A CN112946647 A CN 112946647A CN 202110142605 A CN202110142605 A CN 202110142605A CN 112946647 A CN112946647 A CN 112946647A
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differential
interferogram
atmospheric
insar
atmospheric delay
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肖儒雅
李振洪
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Changan University
Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9094—Theoretical aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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    • G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects

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Abstract

The invention discloses an atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method and device, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a differential interferogram covering a uniform image space of a research area; acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a monitoring area at the SAR imaging moment, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interference map; carrying out atmospheric delay error correction by using each differential interference pattern and a differential atmospheric delay pattern corresponding to the differential interference pattern to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interference pattern; acquiring the average deformation rate of a monitoring area by using an InSAR differential interference map after atmospheric delay error correction by using a stacking method; and (4) carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area. According to the invention, after the interference pattern is subjected to error correction by atmospheric correction, the combined process of obtaining the deformation rate by stacking the interference patterns is carried out, so that the influence of the method of atmospheric systematic error influence is effectively eliminated, the influence of atmospheric noise on InSAR measurement is reduced, and the observation precision is improved.

Description

Atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of synthetic aperture radar interferometry and geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a method for quickly surveying geological disasters by utilizing InSAR interferogram stacking based on atmospheric delay error correction.
Background
The Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) technology is used for investigating and monitoring geological disasters such as ground settlement, landslide and ground cracks, has the advantages of all-time, all-weather, high precision and the like, and is widely concerned and applied. Electromagnetic wave signals emitted by a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor carried on a satellite pass through the atmosphere twice, and are affected by the atmosphere, particularly atmospheric water vapor in the troposphere, to generate phase delay in the propagation process, which is called as atmospheric effect. The atmospheric effect is one of main error sources of InSAR measurement, and the accuracy of the InSAR measurement in geological disaster investigation and monitoring is severely limited. In addition, some existing InSAR time series analysis methods such as those based on permanent scatterers, distributed scatterers or based on small baseline set technology generally have the disadvantages of complex algorithm and low operation efficiency, and when processing atmospheric noise of an InSAR interferogram, the utilized filtering method is mostly based on certain assumed conditions. Therefore, when geological disaster investigation and monitoring are carried out in a large-scale area, the existing method cannot effectively eliminate atmospheric effect influence, the observation precision needs to be improved, the processing process is complex, the time consumption is long, and the purposes of quick general investigation and the like are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to effectively eliminate the influence of atmospheric effect, provides an InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method based on atmospheric delay error correction, reduces the influence of atmospheric noise on InSAR measurement, and improves observation precision.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
On one hand, the invention provides an atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster general investigation method, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining a differential interference pattern covering a uniform image space of a research area according to the obtained SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored;
acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to SAR satellite image imaging time, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to a differential InSAR data set;
carrying out atmospheric delay error correction by using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interferogram;
acquiring the average deformation rate of a monitoring area by using a stacking method for the InSAR differential interferogram after atmospheric delay error correction;
and (4) carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
Optionally, the obtaining an atmospheric delay map of the monitoring area at the SAR imaging time and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram includes: obtaining N research area atmospheric delay maps DM corresponding to SAR satellite image imaging moments, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map dDM corresponding to a differential interference map;
wherein a differential interference pattern INT is determinedijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay dDMijExpressed as follows:
dDMij＝DMi-DMjDM in the above formulaiAn atmospheric delay map, DM, of the research area corresponding to the imaging time of the ith SAR satellite imagejAnd (4) an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to the imaging moment of the jth SAR satellite image.
Optionally, the obtaining a corrected InSAR differential interferogram by correcting the atmospheric delay error using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram comprises: subtracting the differential atmospheric delay from the differential interferogram of the corresponding pixel to obtain a corrected differential interferogram
Figure BDA0002929470290000031
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002929470290000032
INT thereinijA differential interference image INT obtained by the differential interference processing of the ith SAR satellite image and the jth SAR satellite imageijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map dDMij。
Optionally, the obtaining, by using a stacking method, an average deformation rate of the monitoring area for the corrected InSAR differential interferogram includes the following steps:
differential interferograms corrected for atmospheric delay errors
Figure BDA0002929470290000033
For each pixel of (1), the observation equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0002929470290000034
wherein v is the average deformation rate of each pixel point in the monitoring period, delta TnIs the time base line of the nth interferogram, namely the difference between the imaging times of the two SAR satellite images forming the interferogram,
Figure BDA0002929470290000035
the phase value of each pixel point on the nth interference pattern;
and solving the observation equation to obtain the average deformation rate.
Optionally, the method for solving the observation equation to obtain the average deformation rate includes:
the average deformation rate v is calculated by using a least square method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002929470290000036
wherein Δ TiIs the time base line of the ith interferogram,
Figure BDA0002929470290000037
the phase value on the ith interferogram is 1,2, …, and n is the total number of interferograms.
Optionally, if the number of invalid interferograms exceeds a set proportion of the total number of the InSAR interferograms, discarding the point on the final average deformation rate map, where the invalid interferogram refers to a case where the point on the InSAR differential interferogram is null or invalid.
Optionally, the differential atmospheric delay map is processed by spatial interpolation or resampling, and has the same spatial resolution as the InSAR interferogram.
Optionally, if the corrected InSAR differential interferogram is a winding phase, the phase unwrapping process is performed on the corrected InSAR differential interferogram.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a geological disaster census device based on atmospheric delay error correction InSAR interferogram stacking, which comprises a differential interferogram acquisition module, a differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module, an atmospheric delay error correction module, an average deformation rate solving module and a geological disaster interpretation module;
the differential interferogram acquisition module is used for acquiring a differential interferogram covering a unified image space of a research area according to the acquired SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored;
the differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module is used for acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to the SAR satellite image imaging moment and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential InSAR data set;
the atmospheric delay error correction module is used for correcting the atmospheric delay error by using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interferogram;
the average deformation rate solving module is used for acquiring the average deformation rate of the monitoring area by the stacking method for the InSAR differential interferogram corrected by the atmospheric delay error;
and the geological disaster interpretation module is used for carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
The invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium stores a computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method of geological disaster census based on atmospheric correction InSAR interferogram stacking as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects: according to the invention, after the error correction is carried out on the interferogram by utilizing the atmospheric delay error correction, the combined process of obtaining the deformation rate by stacking the interferograms is carried out, so that the influence of the non-random error in the atmospheric delay error is effectively eliminated, the influence of atmospheric noise on InSAR measurement is reduced, and the observation precision is improved.
The traditional interferogram stacking can not overcome the non-random error in the InSAR atmospheric delay error, the method removes the non-random error by utilizing the atmospheric delay error correction, and then eliminates the residual random atmospheric error by utilizing a simple strategy of interferogram stacking, so that the effect of correcting the atmospheric delay error in the obtained deformation rate result is very obvious.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
the InSAR data set temporal, spatial baseline plot formed in the embodiment of FIG. 2;
an example of an InSAR differential interferogram of the InSAR data set in the embodiment of FIG. 3 without atmospheric correction;
two examples of atmospheric delay phase maps employed in the embodiment of FIG. 4;
an example of a differential atmospheric delay phase bitmap calculated in the embodiment of fig. 5;
an example of an atmospheric corrected InSAR differential interferogram of the InSAR data set in the embodiment of FIG. 6;
FIG. 7 is a plot of the mean rate of surface deformation obtained by stacking the atmosphere correction InSAR interferograms in the example;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the space/invalid point trade-off when the average deformation rate is solved by an interferogram stacking method;
the average velocity map of the earth surface deformation obtained by stacking InSAR interferograms without atmospheric correction in the embodiment of FIG. 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention more clearly, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment of the invention is a flow chart of a geological disaster census method based on atmospheric correction InSAR interferogram stacking provided by the first embodiment of the invention. The specific implementation comprises five steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and obtaining a differential InSAR data set of a unified image space covering the monitoring area according to the obtained SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored, wherein the differential InSAR data set comprises various differential interferograms.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining SAR satellite data of a region to be monitored, and obtaining a differential InSAR data set of a uniform image space covering the monitoring region through conventional InSAR differential interference data processing such as image registration, resampling, flat ground phase removal, terrain phase removal, phase unwrapping, geocoding and the like. The InSAR data set includes InSAR interferogram data, which is expressed as INT for ease of explanationijAnd the interferogram is obtained by subjecting the ith SAR satellite image and the jth SAR satellite image to differential interference processing.
For N SAR satellite images, at most N (N-1)/2 InSAR interferograms can be generated.
Optionally, the number of interferograms in the InSAR data set obtained by interference processing is not less than 30% -40% of the maximum number of interference combinations N (N-1)/2. The InSAR dataset used should be as uniform as possible throughout the monitoring period. The time base lines of interferograms in the InSAR dataset should be matched in length. The image space of the InSAR data set may employ a geographic coordinate system.
In the example, 75 SAR satellite image data from 2016 (1 month) to 2019 (1 month) are obtained by taking an SAR satellite image obtained by a Sentinel (1) satellite of the European space agency as a data source, wherein the image generally covers 117 to 120 degrees of east longitude, 35 to 37 degrees of north latitude and about 270km x 210km, and the imaging time is about 18:04 times of Beijing.
The interference combining strategy employed in this example is: and the time base line is less than 200 days, differential interference processing is carried out from front to back according to the imaging time sequence, each image forms 9 interferograms at most, the SRTM digital elevation model data with the spatial resolution of 30 meters is used for removing the terrain phase, a 30:6 multi-view processing coefficient is adopted in the data processing process, a minimum cost flow method is adopted for carrying out two-dimensional phase unwrapping, and the interference coherence threshold value during unwrapping is set to be 0.4. In this example, a total of 616 interferograms form an InSAR data set, the temporal and spatial baseline conditions of which are shown in FIG. 2.
Fig. 3 shows, by way of example, a differential InSAR interferogram which is subjected to phase unwrapping and geocoding to a geographic coordinate system before atmospheric correction, and which is obtained by subjecting SAR images acquired in 12 days 9 and 2017 (20170912 in the figure) and 6 days 10 and 2017 to interference processing.
Step two: and acquiring an atmospheric delay map of the SAR imaging time monitoring area, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential InSAR data set. Alternatively, the differential atmospheric delay map should be projectively transformed to the corresponding satellite line-of-sight direction.
The present embodiment acquires 75 atmospheric delay phase maps of the research area at the imaging time of the SAR data.
Fig. 4 shows, by way of example, two atmospheric delay phase plots for beijing at 2017, 9, 12, 18:04, and 2017, 10, 6, 18: 04.
In this embodiment, the atmospheric phase delay map is provided by www.gacos.net. And may also be obtained using terrestrial meteorological observations, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, or other methods.
Fig. 5 shows the differential atmospheric delay map calculated from the two atmospheric delay maps of fig. 4, and the same spatial coverage as the differential InSAR interferogram shown in fig. 3 is truncated.
Step three: and correcting the atmospheric delay error by using each differential interference pattern and the corresponding differential atmospheric delay pattern to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interference pattern.
The present embodiment performs the atmospheric delay error correction using a generic type inssar atmospheric delay error correction system data (GACOS). The atmospheric correction for each interferogram in the embodiments may be performed in a variety of ways, such as based on external meteorological data, based on phase characteristics of the interferogram itself, based on GNSS observations, based on meteorological models, and so forth. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the method adopted in the embodiment, and the atmospheric delay error correction can be performed by using the method in the prior art, and the present invention is not described in detail.
In this embodiment, the difference interference patterns and the corresponding difference atmospheric delay patterns are usedThe method for obtaining the corrected InSAR differential interferogram by correcting the atmospheric delay error comprises the following steps: subtracting the differential atmospheric delay from the differential interferogram of the corresponding pixel to obtain a corrected differential interferogram
Figure BDA0002929470290000081
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002929470290000082
INT thereinijThe differential interference pattern INT is a differential interference pattern obtained by the differential interference processing of the ith SAR satellite image and the jth SAR satellite imageijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map dDMij。
If the InSAR data set for which the atmospheric delay error is corrected is the winding phase, the interferogram should be subjected to phase unwrapping after correction.
The differential atmospheric delay map shown in fig. 5 is used to perform atmospheric delay error correction on the InSAR differential interferogram of fig. 3, so as to obtain an atmospheric corrected differential interferogram 20170912 and 20171006 as shown in fig. 6.
Thus, the atmospheric delay error correction of the InSAR differential interference map 20170912 and 20171006 is completed. The same processing is carried out on the other 615 interferograms to obtain an InSAR data set corrected by atmosphere.
Step four: and acquiring the average deformation rate of the monitoring area by using the InSAR differential interferogram after atmospheric delay error correction and a stacking method.
And acquiring the average deformation rate by using the corrected InSAR differential interferogram and a stacking method.
Differential interference pattern for atmospheric corrected unwrapped wire
Figure BDA0002929470290000091
List its observation equation:
Figure BDA0002929470290000092
wherein v is the average deformation rate of each pixel point in the monitoring period, delta TnIs the time base line of the nth interferogram, namely the difference between the imaging times of the two SAR satellite images forming the interferogram,
Figure BDA0002929470290000093
the phase value of the point on the nth interferogram. The average deformation rate v is calculated by using a least square method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002929470290000094
optionally, the average deformation rate v in the above formula is in millimeters per year (mm/a), with a time base Δ TnThe accuracy is to day, and the time of calculation is in years.
It should be noted that the Least squares method (Least Square) is a general mathematical method for solving the system of equations and is not a specific or unique method for the stacking method. Any method that can be used mathematically to solve a system of linear equations can be used here. Such as a correlation improvement method of a least square method, a weighted least square method, and the like, as well as a maximum likelihood estimation method and the like. In certain cases, these mathematical methods are the same or can be mutually inverted. The protection of this patent does not focus on a particular solution method, and least squares is only one path to solve.
Optionally, for a pixel point with null or invalid value on some interferograms, if the number of invalid interferograms exceeds a set ratio of the total number of interferograms of the data set (set to 1/3 in this embodiment), the pixel point should be discarded on the final average deformation rate map.
The present example uses an atmospheric corrected InSAR dataset to obtain the mean rate of surface deformation via an interferogram stacking method, as shown in FIG. 7.
Fig. 8 shows the case where some points are null or invalid values in the calculation of the rate of deformation of the earth's surface by interferogram stacking using the atmosphere corrected InSAR dataset. The pixels represented by the squares in the figure have significant values in all interferograms, the triangles represent significant values on most interferograms, and the circles represent significant values on only a few interferograms for the pixel. In this example implementation, only pixels with significant values on more than 400 interferograms (about 2/3 out of 616) remain.
In contrast, fig. 9 shows an average velocity map of the surface deformation obtained by the InSAR interferogram stacking method without atmospheric correction, and it can be seen that the result is seriously affected by the atmospheric delay error, which is likely to cause misjudgment on the surface deformation condition.
The five-pointed star flag positions in fig. 7 and 9 are reference points.
Step five: and (4) carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
And D, according to the average rate thematic map of the monitoring area obtained in the step four, performing computer or expert manual interpretation on the ground surface deformation condition, and delineating a geological disaster dangerous area, thereby realizing geological disaster general investigation and providing basic data and guidance for further manual detailed investigation.
Optionally, if the InSAR dataset is in the radar coordinate system during the first four steps of processing, the interferogram should be converted into the geographic coordinate system through geocoding processing.
In this embodiment, according to the obtained average velocity map of surface deformation, manual interpretation is performed to delineate the dangerous area of the geological disaster, as shown by the oval delineation range in fig. 7. In this embodiment, the type of the geological disaster in the area is surface subsidence, and the area should be focused on in further detailed examination.
According to the invention, atmospheric correction is firstly carried out on the InSAR differential interferogram, so that atmospheric delay errors in the interferogram are effectively removed, and a high-quality observation data set is provided for subsequent processing; the principle and the technical process of the interferogram stacking algorithm are relatively simple, the data processing speed is high, and the method is suitable for rapid general investigation and popularization and application of geological disasters; the remote sensing InSAR technology is used for carrying out large-area general investigation on geological disasters, firstly, a dangerous area is defined, the ground investigation range can be quickly and effectively reduced, and the method is an efficient means.
The second embodiment provides a geological disaster census device based on atmospheric correction InSAR interferogram stacking based on the same technical concept, which comprises: the system comprises a differential interferogram acquisition module, a differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module, an atmospheric delay error correction module, an average deformation rate solving module and a geological disaster interpretation module;
the differential interferogram acquisition module is used for acquiring a differential interferogram of a unified image space of a covered research area according to the acquired SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored;
the differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module is used for acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to SAR imaging time and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interference map;
the atmospheric delay error correction module is used for carrying out atmospheric delay error correction by utilizing the differential interference pattern pair and the corresponding differential atmospheric delay pattern to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interference pattern;
the average deformation rate solving module is used for acquiring the average deformation rate of the monitoring area by the stacking method for the InSAR differential interferogram corrected by the atmospheric delay error;
and the geological disaster interpretation module is used for carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
In this embodiment, the differential atmospheric delay map obtaining module specifically executes the following steps: obtaining N research area atmospheric delay maps DM corresponding to SAR satellite image imaging moments, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map dDM corresponding to a differential interference map;
wherein a differential interference pattern INT is determinedijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map dDMijExpressed as follows:
dDMij＝DMi-DMj
DM in the above formulaiAn atmospheric delay map, DM, of the research area corresponding to the imaging time of the ith SAR satellite imagejAnd (4) an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to the imaging moment of the jth SAR satellite image.
In this embodiment, the atmospheric delay error correction module specifically executes the following steps: subtracting the differential atmospheric delay from the differential interferogram of the corresponding pixel to obtain a corrected differencePartial interferograms
Figure BDA0002929470290000121
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002929470290000122
INT thereinijA differential interference image INT obtained by the differential interference processing of the ith SAR satellite image and the jth SAR satellite imageijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map dDMij。
In this embodiment, the average deformation rate solving module specifically executes the following steps:
differential interferograms corrected for atmospheric delay errors
Figure BDA0002929470290000131
For each pixel of (1), the observation equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0002929470290000132
wherein v is the average deformation rate of each pixel point in the monitoring period, delta TnIs the time base line of the nth interference image, namely the difference between the imaging time of the two SAR satellite images forming the interference image,
Figure BDA0002929470290000133
the phase value of the point on the nth interferogram;
and solving the observation equation to obtain the average deformation rate.
Further, the average deformation rate v is calculated by using a least square method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002929470290000134
optionally, if the number of the invalid interferograms exceeds the set proportion of the total number of the InSAR interferograms, discarding the point on the final average deformation rate graph, where the invalid interferogram is a case where the point on the InSAR differential interferogram is null or invalid.
Optionally, the differential atmospheric delay map is processed by spatial interpolation or resampling, and has the same spatial resolution as the InSAR interferogram.
Optionally, the corrected InSAR differential interferogram is a winding phase, and then the corrected InSAR differential interferogram is subjected to phase unwrapping processing.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses, units or modules may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and no further description is provided herein
In the past studies, although the atmospheric delay error may not be significant due to factors such as the coverage area affected by the satellite, the coverage area affected by the satellite is now wider, and it is necessary to effectively eliminate the atmospheric systematic error. The dry stack is a means in the field, but the dry stack cannot effectively eliminate the nonrandom error of InSAR atmosphere. The core point of the invention is that the atmospheric correction is firstly utilized to eliminate systematic errors, and then the interference pattern stacking is carried out to eliminate accidental (random) atmospheric errors, so that the method can effectively eliminate the influence of the atmospheric systematic errors.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The general investigation method for stacking geological disasters by the InSAR interferogram for atmospheric error correction is characterized by comprising the following steps of: obtaining a differential interference pattern covering a uniform image space of a research area according to the obtained SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored;
acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to SAR satellite image imaging time, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interference map; carrying out atmospheric delay error correction by using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interferogram; acquiring the average deformation rate of a monitoring area by using a stacking method for the InSAR differential interferogram after atmospheric delay error correction;
and (4) carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
2. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method and device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the atmospheric delay map of the SAR imaging time monitoring area and calculating the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram comprises: obtaining N research area atmospheric delay maps DM corresponding to SAR satellite image imaging moments, and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map dDM corresponding to a differential interference map;
wherein a differential interference pattern INT is determinedijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map dDMijExpressed as follows:
dDMij＝DMi-DMj
DM in the above formulaiIs an atmospheric delay map, DM, of a research area corresponding to the imaging moment of the ith SAR satellite imagejAnd the atmospheric delay map of the research area corresponding to the imaging moment of the jth SAR satellite image is obtained.
3. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method as recited in claim 1, wherein the atmospheric delay error correction using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding thereto to obtain the corrected InSAR differential interferogram comprises: subtracting the differential atmospheric delay from the differential interferogram of the corresponding pixel to obtain a corrected differential interferogram
Figure FDA0002929470280000021
Expressed as:
Figure FDA0002929470280000022
INT thereinijIs a differential interference pattern, dDM, obtained by the differential interference processing of the ith and jth SAR satellite imagesijFor differential interferograms INTijCorresponding differential atmospheric delay map.
4. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the average deformation rate of the monitoring area by using the stacking method for the corrected InSAR differential interferogram comprises the following steps:
differential interferograms corrected for atmospheric delay errors
Figure FDA0002929470280000023
For each pixel of (1), the observation equation is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002929470280000024
wherein v is the average deformation rate of each pixel point in the monitoring period, delta TnIs the time base of the nth interferogram,
Figure FDA0002929470280000025
the phase value of each pixel point on the nth interference pattern;
and solving the observation equation to obtain the average deformation rate.
5. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method of claim 4, wherein the method of solving the observation equation to obtain the average deformation rate comprises: the average deformation rate v is calculated by using a least square method, and the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002929470280000026
wherein Δ TiIs the time base line of the ith interferogram,
Figure FDA0002929470280000027
the phase value on the ith interferogram is 1,2, …, and n is the total number of interferograms.
6. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method as recited in claim 1, wherein if the number of invalid interferograms exceeds a set proportion of the total number of InSAR interferograms, the point is discarded on the final average deformation rate map, and the invalid interferogram means that there is a case where the point on the InSAR differential interferogram is null or invalid.
7. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacked geological disaster census method of claim 1, wherein the differential atmospheric delay map is processed by spatial interpolation or resampling and has the same spatial resolution as the InSAR interferogram.
8. The atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacking geological disaster census method as recited in claim 1, wherein if the corrected InSAR differential interferogram is a wrapped phase, the phase unwrapping process is performed on the corrected InSAR differential interferogram.
9. Geological disaster general survey device based on stacking of atmosphere delay error correction InSAR interferograms is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a differential interferogram acquisition module, a differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module, an atmospheric delay error correction module, an average deformation rate solving module and a geological disaster interpretation module;
the differential interferogram acquisition module is used for acquiring a differential interferogram covering a unified image space of a research area according to the acquired SAR satellite data of the area to be monitored;
the differential atmospheric delay map acquisition module is used for acquiring an atmospheric delay map of a research area corresponding to the SAR satellite image imaging moment and calculating to obtain a differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interference map;
the atmospheric delay error correction module is used for correcting the atmospheric delay error by using the differential interferogram and the differential atmospheric delay map corresponding to the differential interferogram to obtain a corrected InSAR differential interferogram;
the average deformation rate solving module is used for acquiring the average deformation rate of the monitoring area by the stacking method for the InSAR differential interferogram corrected by the atmospheric delay error;
and the geological disaster interpretation module is used for carrying out geological disaster interpretation according to the average deformation rate of the monitoring area.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer storage medium stores a computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method of atmospheric error correction InSAR interferogram stacked geological disaster census as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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