CN114814839B - Wide area earth surface deformation detection method and system based on InSAR phase gradient stacking - Google Patents
Wide area earth surface deformation detection method and system based on InSAR phase gradient stacking Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wide area earth surface deformation detection method and system based on InSAR phase gradient stacking, which support wide area earth surface deformation detection based on InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking, and the implementation process comprises the steps of acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area through satellite shooting, selecting a main image and registering to obtain an interferogram; after simulating the terrain phase by adopting an external DEM and removing the terrain phase, obtaining a filtered differential interference diagram through spatial adaptive filtering processing; gradient calculation in multiple directions around the pixel is respectively carried out, gradient diagrams in the corresponding directions are obtained, and stacking is carried out respectively so as to enhance deformation signals; and respectively merging the phase gradient stacking diagrams in all directions, and mapping to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result. According to the method, phase unwrapping is not needed, the phase gradient is directly solved on the wrapping differential interferogram, and the local deformation signals are detected through stacking in a time dimension, so that on one hand, errors caused by phase unwrapping are avoided, on the other hand, the influence of atmospheric delay disturbance is effectively restrained, and the deformation detection accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar interferometry and the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and provides a wide-area earth surface deformation detection scheme based on InSAR phase gradient stacking.
Background
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, inSAR) technology was a spatially geodetic technology developed in the 90 s of the last century. The InSAR technology has the advantages of repeated observation in all days, all weather, high precision, high efficiency, low cost and the like, and particularly has more advantages for the data acquisition of severe natural conditions and large areas. Therefore, the InSAR technology provides a brand new technical means for obtaining large-range high-precision earth surface deformation information. InSAR technology has been successfully applied to volcanic sports, seismic activity, landslide, glacier drift, regional ground subsidence, infrastructure safety monitoring, and the like.
However, conventional differential interferometry (DInSAR) can be affected by many factors, such as atmospheric delays, DEM errors, time incoherence, etc., such that the accuracy of the final deformation measurement is affected. To overcome the effects of these adverse factors, time series InSAR techniques have been developed and have met with great success in monitoring various types of surface deformations. The time sequence InSAR technology is used for analyzing a large amount of SAR data, paying attention to a high coherence target, effectively inhibiting the influence of various errors in the conventional DINSAR technology and improving the deformation measurement precision. However, in some areas where topography is complex or phase loss is severe, there may be problems with difficulty in InSAR phase unwrapping; when facing a large-scale research area, the time sequence InSAR data processing efficiency is very low; although the time sequence InSAR technology can weaken the influence of the atmospheric delay disturbance to a certain extent, the method has the characteristics of complex algorithm, no universality and the like. Therefore, the time series InSAR still has more problems in large-scale surface deformation measurement.
Phase unwrapping is an important step in conventional InSAR data processing, for example, patent document CN111998766A, CN112051571A, CN113340191A, but in some low coherence or surface complex areas, phase data discontinuity is often caused, so that phase unwrapping work is extremely difficult, and unwrapping results often have large errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scheme for carrying out large-scale earth surface deformation detection based on InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking, which is used for carrying out spatial difference and temporal stacking on differential interference phases based on the characteristic that the atmospheric delay noise is related on a local spatial scale and is uncorrelated in time, so that the influence of the atmospheric delay noise on deformation detection can be effectively reduced. The interference phase gradient stacking is sensitive to local deformation signals, phase unwrapping is not needed, local deformation signals in a large-range area can be rapidly identified, and the method can be used for general investigation of large-range geological disasters.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical proposal adopted by the invention is a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking, the realization process comprises the following steps of,
Firstly, acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area, selecting a main image, registering other images with the main image, and further processing to obtain an interferogram by setting a space-time baseline threshold;
Step two, selecting an interference pair according to a time base line and a space base line between SAR images, simulating a terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
Step three, carrying out gradient calculation on the differential interference patterns selected and processed in the step two in multiple directions around the pixel on a pixel level according to a preset step length to obtain gradient patterns in all directions corresponding to the differential interference patterns;
Set differential interference phase The corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, The ith differential interference pattern obtained by processing SAR image, m and n respectively represent row and column numbers of pixels in the interference pattern,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
Step four, stacking the obtained directional gradient patterns respectively to enhance deformation signals and filtering again; combining the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result;
And fifthly, mapping the acquired research region gradient result to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
Further, the phase gradients in the east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest and northwest directions are obtained by determining the phase gradients in the east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest directions And (3) representing.
Moreover, when the directional gradient maps are stacked to enhance the deformation signal, the steps are performed,
For two pixels on the gradient map of different time base lines along a certain direction d, which are spaced by a preset step, the stacking formula of the interference phase gradient is as follows:
In the above formula, phi d is the superposition result of the gradient maps of the acquired n different time base line differential interference maps, which are spaced at preset step length along a certain direction, For the gradient obtained along a certain direction d corresponding to the ith differential interference pattern, i=1, 2,3, …, n, n is the total number of interference pairs;
Then, the obtained gradient stacking result phi d is filtered by adopting a spatial filtering method, the obtained filtered result is represented by ψ d, and the filtered results of the phase gradient stacking in the east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest directions are respectively represented by ψ e、Ψw、Ψs、Ψn、Ψen、Ψes、Ψwn、Ψws.
And combining the obtained spatially filtered gradient stack diagrams in all directions to obtain final differential interference phase gradient stack information, wherein the corresponding formula is expressed as follows:
wherein, ψ is the result of combining the interference phase gradient diagrams in all directions, and the total number of directions is 8.
And after the obtained result value of the interference phase gradient of the research area is mapped to a preset range, the large gradient value which is gathered on the phase gradient stacking diagram and is obviously compared with the periphery is the surface deformation information obtained by detection.
On the other hand, the invention provides a wide-area earth surface deformation detection system based on InSAR phase gradient stacking, which is used for realizing the wide-area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking.
Moreover, the method for stacking the differential interference phase gradients based on InSAR supports large-scale surface deformation detection, and comprises the following modules,
The first module is used for acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area, selecting a main image, registering other images with the main image, and further processing to obtain an interferogram by setting a time-space baseline threshold;
The second module is used for selecting interference pairs according to the time base line and the space base line between SAR images, simulating the terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
the third module is used for selecting and processing the differential interference pattern from the second module, and respectively carrying out gradient calculation in a plurality of directions around the pixel on a pixel level according to a preset step length to obtain gradient patterns in all directions corresponding to the differential interference pattern;
Set differential interference phase The corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, The ith differential interference pattern obtained by processing SAR image, m and n respectively represent row and column numbers of pixels in the interference pattern,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
A fourth module, configured to stack the obtained directional gradient maps respectively to enhance the deformation signal and perform filtering again; combining the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result;
And a fifth module, mapping the acquired research region gradient result to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
Or comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used for storing program instructions, and the processor is used for calling the stored instructions in the memory to execute the wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking.
Or comprises a readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking as described above.
The invention has the innovation that the deformation signals of the research area are identified by adopting the InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking method without phase unwrapping, the influence of the atmospheric delay noise is effectively restrained, and the deformation signals can be quickly identified in a large-scale research area, so that the general investigation of geological disasters can be timely carried out.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the phase unwrapping and subsequent phase superposition or time sequence InSAR analysis and other processes are not directly carried out on the differential interferogram, but the wrapped differential interferogram is directly superimposed on the time domain to strengthen the deformation signal, so that the influence of atmospheric noise is effectively weakened, and the error influence possibly brought by the phase unwrapping in a complex area is avoided. The method can realize rapid identification of the position of the surface deformation in the detection of the surface deformation in a large range, and effectively reduces the complexity of calculation. Therefore, the method can efficiently and reliably detect local deformation signals in a large-range area, and has great application value in the field of geological disasters such as landslide and the like.
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FIG. 1 is a technical flow chart of phase gradient stacking of InSAR differential interferograms according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are only for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking, including the following steps:
Step one, acquiring an N-scene SAR image covering a research area, selecting a proper SAR image as a main image, registering with other SAR images, resampling, and generating a plurality of InSAR interferograms by setting a space-time baseline threshold value.
In this example, the western region of Guizhou province is used as the study area, the range is 104 degrees to 106 degrees in east longitude and 24 degrees to 27 degrees in north latitude, and the range is 250km×250km. The research area belongs to the mountain area of the southwest plateau of China, the internal topography is high and low in the west and east, most of the research area belongs to the mountain area, the relief is obvious, the vegetation is dense, and the atmospheric noise is serious. The data source is European space office sentinel 1 data covering western region of Guizhou province, and about 100 SAR satellite image data between 1 month in 2017 and 12 months in 2020 are acquired.
Step two, selecting an interference pair according to a time base line and a space base line between SAR images, simulating a terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
according to the principle that the longer the time base line is, the worse the coherence is, the InSAR differential interferogram with better coherence is preferably selected as a data source for the next processing. For the sentinel data, the interference combination strategy adopted is that the time base line is less than 60 days and the space base line is less than 100 meters, and the multiview ratio adopted in the data processing process is 10:2. And removing the land leveling phase from the InSAR interferogram by utilizing SAR satellite orbit information, and simulating the terrain phase by utilizing an external digital elevation model (such as SRTM) to remove the terrain phase in the InSAR interferogram, so as to finally obtain the InSAR differential interferogram. In order to smooth noise information in the differential interference pattern, the embodiment adopts an adaptive filtering method to filter the differential interference pattern, so that the noise is smoothed, and meanwhile, the edge information of an interference phase is well reserved.
Step three, carrying out gradient calculation on the differential interferograms selected and processed in the step two on pixel levels according to preset step sizes, so as to obtain gradient maps in all directions corresponding to the differential interferograms;
there are 8 pixels around a pixel, each representing a direction, and a number of experiments prove that the combination of the 8 direction results is best, so that the preferred proposal is adopted by the embodiment.
Differential interference pattern obtained by processing in step twoGradient images in all directions corresponding to the differential interference images are obtained through gradient calculation,
Set differential interference phaseThe corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, An ith differential interference image obtained by a series of processes such as registration, differential and the like for SAR satellite images, wherein m and n respectively represent row and column numbers where pixels in the interference image are located,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
For example, wherein the differential interference phase Corresponding east gradient/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, An ith differential interference image obtained by a series of processes such as registration, differential and the like for SAR satellite images, wherein m and n respectively represent row and column numbers where pixels in the interference image are located,/>Is a differential interferogram/>And s is the step length of the corresponding east gradient map.
The phase gradients in the seven directions of the same theory, the south, the north, the southeast, the northeast, the southwest and the northwest are respectively used And (3) representing. In specific implementation, the step length value can be set according to the empirical value.
Step four, stacking the obtained directional gradient patterns respectively to enhance deformation signals and filtering again; and respectively merging the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result.
The preferred scheme adopted by the embodiment is that the obtained directional gradient patterns corresponding to the differential interference patterns are respectively stacked in time to enhance deformation signals; filtering the gradient stacking result by adopting a spatial filtering method; and merging the results of the gradient stacking diagrams calculated in all the directions after filtering to obtain a research area differential interference phase gradient stacking diagram.
When the obtained differential interferograms are respectively stacked in time to enhance deformation signals, the realization mode is that,
For two pixels on the gradient map of different time base lines along a certain direction d, which are spaced by a preset step, the stacking formula of the interference phase gradient is as follows:
In the above formula, phi d is the superposition result of the gradient maps of the acquired n different time base line differential interference maps, which are spaced at preset step length along a certain direction, For the gradient obtained along a certain direction d corresponding to the ith differential interference pattern, i=1, 2,3, …, n, n is the total number of interference pairs;
Then, the obtained gradient stack result phi d is filtered by a spatial filtering method, and the obtained filtered result is denoted by ψ d.
For example, for two pels on a gradient map of different time baselines, spaced apart by a predetermined step in the east direction, the interferometric phase gradient stacking formula is as follows:
in the above formula, phi e is the superposition result of gradient maps of preset step length along the eastern direction corresponding to the acquired n different time base line differential interference maps, For the gradient obtained in the eastern direction corresponding to the i-th differential interferogram, i=1, 2,3, …, n, n is the total number of interference pairs.
Then, the obtained gradient stacking result phi e is filtered by adopting a spatial filtering method, the obtained filtered result is represented by a value of ψ e, and the filtered results of phase gradient stacking in the same way as the seven directions of southeast, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest are respectively represented by a value of ψ w、Ψs、Ψn、Ψen、Ψes、Ψwn、Ψws.
Finally, merging the gradient stacking diagrams in all directions subjected to spatial filtering to obtain complete research area differential interference phase gradient stacking information, wherein the formula is as follows:
Wherein ψ is the result of combining the interference phase gradient maps in each direction, and 8 is the total number of directions.
It should be noted that, the present invention combines the gradient stacking results in each direction by adopting a root mean square method.
And fifthly, mapping the acquired research region gradient result psi to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
In consideration of practical implementation, a plurality of research areas may be involved, and the following processes are executed for each research area, that is, the range of the final result values obtained by performing gradient stacking processing respectively may have a difference, so the invention proposes that the interval results can be unified to the same interval in a mapping manner, for example, the interval [ -5 5] is convenient for subsequent output, display and other applications. The mapping adopts a linear transformation method, and the gradient obtained before is dimensionless, so that interval mapping can be performed.
After the phase gradient stacking and filtering process, the atmospheric signal and random noise are effectively suppressed. The phase gradient stacking is carried out by adopting a large number of interferograms, so that local surface deformation signals are obviously enhanced, therefore, on the obtained differential interference phase gradient stacking diagram, obvious local signals are surface deformation detection signals obtained by adopting the method, and after the InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking diagram is obtained, the deformation signals can be obviously seen through the local enlarged diagram. Therefore, mapping the obtained result value of the differential interference phase gradient of the research area to a certain range to obtain a final stacking result of the differential interference phase gradient of the research area, wherein the large gradient value which is gathered on the phase gradient stacking diagram and has obvious contrast with the periphery is the surface deformation information obtained by detection.
The method for detecting the surface deformation in a large range based on InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking is completed and realized. Through the process, the position of a large-range micro deformation area of the earth surface can be rapidly and accurately detected without the conventional post-processing in the prior art, namely phase unwrapping (firstly, calculation is time-consuming and secondly, some errors can be caused by the phase unwrapping), and the method has a certain effect on supporting real-time automatic census of geological disasters.
In particular, the method according to the technical solution of the present invention may be implemented by those skilled in the art using computer software technology to implement an automatic operation flow, and a system apparatus for implementing the method, such as a computer readable storage medium storing a corresponding computer program according to the technical solution of the present invention, and a computer device including the operation of the corresponding computer program, should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In some possible embodiments, a wide area earth surface deformation detection system based on InSAR phase gradient stacking is provided, comprising the following modules,
The first module is used for acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area, selecting a main image, registering other images with the main image, and further processing to obtain an interferogram by setting a time-space baseline threshold;
The second module is used for selecting interference pairs according to the time base line and the space base line between SAR images, simulating the terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
the third module is used for selecting and processing the differential interference pattern from the second module, and respectively carrying out gradient calculation in a plurality of directions around the pixel on a pixel level according to a preset step length to obtain gradient patterns in all directions corresponding to the differential interference pattern;
Set differential interference phase The corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, The ith differential interference pattern obtained by processing SAR image, m and n respectively represent row and column numbers of pixels in the interference pattern,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
A fourth module, configured to stack the obtained directional gradient maps respectively to enhance the deformation signal and perform filtering again; combining the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result;
And a fifth module, mapping the acquired research region gradient result to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
In some possible embodiments, a wide area earth surface deformation detection system based on an InSAR phase gradient stack is provided, including a processor and a memory, the memory for storing program instructions, the processor for invoking the stored instructions in the memory to perform a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on an InSAR phase gradient stack as described above.
In some possible embodiments, a wide area earth surface deformation detection system based on an InSAR phase gradient stack is provided, including a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed, implements a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on an InSAR phase gradient stack as described above.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (9)
1. A wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking is characterized in that: the method supports large-scale earth surface deformation detection based on InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking, and comprises the following steps,
Firstly, acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area, selecting a main image, registering other images with the main image, and further processing to obtain an interferogram by setting a space-time baseline threshold;
Step two, selecting an interference pair according to a time base line and a space base line between SAR images, simulating a terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
Step three, carrying out gradient calculation on the differential interference patterns selected and processed in the step two in multiple directions around the pixel on a pixel level according to a preset step length to obtain gradient patterns in all directions corresponding to the differential interference patterns;
Set differential interference phase The corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, The ith differential interference pattern obtained by processing SAR image, m and n respectively represent row and column numbers of pixels in the interference pattern,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
Step four, stacking the obtained directional gradient patterns respectively to enhance deformation signals and filtering again; combining the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result;
And fifthly, mapping the acquired research region gradient result to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
2. The wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the phase gradients in the east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest directions are determined And (3) representing.
3. The wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when stacking the directional gradient maps to enhance the deformation signal, the method comprises the following steps,
For two pixels on the gradient map of different time base lines along a certain direction d, which are spaced by a preset step, the stacking formula of the interference phase gradient is as follows:
In the above formula, phi d is the superposition result of the gradient maps of the acquired n different time base line differential interference maps, which are spaced at preset step length along a certain direction, For the gradient obtained along a certain direction d corresponding to the ith differential interference pattern, i=1, 2,3, …, n, n is the total number of interference pairs;
Then, the obtained gradient stacking result phi d is filtered by adopting a spatial filtering method, the obtained filtered result is represented by ψ d, and the filtered results of the phase gradient stacking in the east, west, south, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest directions are respectively represented by ψ e、Ψw、Ψs、Ψn、Ψen、Ψes、Ψwn、Ψws.
4. A wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking as set forth in claim 3, wherein: combining the obtained spatially filtered gradient stack diagrams in all directions to obtain final differential interference phase gradient stack information, wherein the corresponding formula is expressed as follows:
wherein, ψ is the result of combining the interference phase gradient diagrams in all directions, and the total number of directions is 8.
5. The wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking as set forth in claim 1,2, 3 or 4, wherein: and mapping the obtained result value of the interference phase gradient of the research area to a preset range, wherein a large gradient value which is gathered on the phase gradient stacking diagram and is obviously compared with the periphery is the surface deformation information obtained by detection.
6. An InSAR phase gradient stacking-based wide area earth surface deformation detection system is characterized in that: a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on InSAR phase gradient stacking as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
7. The InSAR phase gradient stacking based wide area earth deformation detection system of claim 6, wherein: for supporting large-scale surface deformation detection based on InSAR differential interference phase gradient stacking, comprising the following modules,
The first module is used for acquiring a plurality of SAR images covering a research area, selecting a main image, registering other images with the main image, and further processing to obtain an interferogram by setting a space-time base line threshold;
The second module is used for selecting interference pairs according to the time base line and the space base line between SAR images, simulating the terrain phase by adopting an external DEM, subtracting the terrain phase from the interference pattern to obtain a differential interference pattern, and performing space self-adaptive filtering processing to obtain a filtered differential interference pattern;
the third module is used for selecting and processing the differential interference pattern from the second module, and respectively carrying out gradient calculation in a plurality of directions around the pixel on a pixel level according to a preset step length to obtain gradient patterns in all directions corresponding to the differential interference pattern;
Set differential interference phase The corresponding d gradient in a certain direction is/>The expression is as follows:
Wherein, The ith differential interference pattern obtained by processing SAR image, m and n respectively represent row and column numbers of pixels in the interference pattern,/>Is a differential interferogram/>A gradient map in a certain direction d corresponds to s is a step length;
A fourth module, configured to stack the obtained directional gradient maps respectively to enhance the deformation signal and perform filtering again; combining the phase gradient stacking graphs calculated in each direction after filtering to obtain a research area gradient stacking result;
And a fifth module, mapping the acquired research region gradient result to a preset range to obtain a final research region gradient stacking result.
8. The InSAR phase gradient stacking based wide area earth deformation detection system of claim 6, wherein: comprising a processor and a memory for storing program instructions, the processor for invoking the stored instructions in the memory to perform a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on an InSAR phase gradient stack as set forth in any one of claims 1-5.
9. The InSAR phase gradient stacking based wide area earth deformation detection system of claim 6, wherein: comprising a readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements a wide area earth surface deformation detection method based on an InSAR phase gradient stack as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
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