CN112526413B - Method and system for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of SERF magnetometer - Google Patents
Method and system for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of SERF magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for realizing spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement. Enabling the magnetometer to work in a transverse parameter resonance mode, enabling the phase difference between the z-direction spin polarization change caused by the x-direction magnetic field and the z-direction spin polarization change caused by the y-direction magnetic field to be exactly 90 degrees, utilizing a phase-locked amplifier to demodulate signals by using the radio frequency magnetic field frequency, and obtaining the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction from an in-phase channel and an out-phase channel of the phase-locked amplifier; the measurement of the magnetic field of the pump light in the z direction utilizes the circularly polarized radio frequency magnetic field of an x-y plane to enable the SERF magnetometer to work in an Mz resonance mode at the same time, the working point of the magnetometer is at the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line waist, and the direct current component signal output by the balanced detector represents the magnetic field in the z direction. The scheme can realize high-sensitivity triaxial magnetic field measurement, does not need to consider whether action atoms in the air chamber overlap or not, and is simple in light path and easy to miniaturize and integrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and particularly relates to a method and a system for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a Spin Exchange Relaxation (SERF) magnetometer by utilizing simultaneous working of an Mz resonance mode and a transverse parameter modulation mode, and an SERF magnetometer adopting the method and the system.
Background
The SERF magnetometer is a magnetometer which accurately measures the magnitude of a magnetic field by measuring a minute spin polarization change. The basic principle is as follows: atomic spin polarization is first achieved by optical pumping. The polarized spins are then deflected by a weak external magnetic field. The deflected spins produce a tiny spin projection in the direction perpendicular to the pump light, which spin-polarized projection is proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field. By detecting this spin-polarized projection, the magnitude of the magnetic field can be obtained.
SERF magnetometers were first discovered by Happer and Tang and later developed and perfected by Romalis et al. They heated the chamber to a high temperature of 190 degrees to obtain 10 14 /cm 3 While the chamber is exposed to a very low external magnetic field (nT). At this time, the spin exchange collision frequency among atoms is far greater than the free Larmor precession frequency of a single atom, so that although the spin exchange collision is a random decoherence process, in a time period far less than the free precession period, frequent collision enables each atom to traverse all magnetic quantum states on the ground state energy level according to a statistical rule and reach the thermal balance of population probability, so that the total spin reversely precesses in an external field with a very stable average Larmor frequency, and the spin exchange relaxation is completely eliminated. Final dominant magnetometer transverse relaxation time T 2 Becomes equally proportional to the atomic density, but the collision cross section is more than 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the spin-exchange relaxation. Therefore, the SERF magnetometer is currently the most sensitive atomic magnetometer, being ultra-highIs very suitable for measuring biological magnetic fields, such as brain magnetism and heart magnetism.
Conventional magnetometers often measure magnetic fields in only one direction. In practical application requirements, magnetic fields in three axial directions are required to be measured, and a vector magnetometer is required. Donghai peak et al (CN 104297702A) add a beam of probe light in the direction of the main magnetic field of the Bell-bloom magnetometer, the phase difference of the light intensity changes of the probe light caused by the magnetic fields in the two vertical main magnetic field directions is 90 degrees, and the magnetic field in the vertical main magnetic field direction can be obtained by demodulation with a phase-locked amplifier. However, the method needs a larger main magnetic field and is not suitable for SERF magnetometers working in a zero magnetic field.
The common vector measurement method of the SERF magnetometer is to apply an oscillating magnetic field with different frequencies in the directions of three measurement axes under the condition of not changing a steady state, and the frequency is far lower than the bandwidth of the magnetometer. Signals with different frequencies are demodulated by using the phase-locked amplifier, and magnetic fields in the directions of the three measuring axes can be obtained. However, this method not only affects the sensitivity of the magnetometer and seriously reduces the bandwidth of the magnetometer, but also fails to overcome the aeipathia that the measurement of the magnetic field in the optical pumping direction is extremely insensitive.
Recently, shah et al (US 10775450B 1) have also realized high-sensitivity three-axis magnetic field measurement by using an atomic gas chamber to combine two perpendicular transverse parameter resonance magnetometers by two perpendicular non-overlapping lights inside the same gas chamber in consideration of the characteristic that rubidium atoms are not easily diffused in the atomic gas chamber filled with inert gas. However, in this way, it is necessary to consider whether the atoms in the gas chamber overlap, and the like, and the optical path structure is complex and the difficulty of integration and matching is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a vector magnetic field measuring method of an SERF magnetometer based on simultaneous working of an Mz resonance mode and a transverse parameter modulation mode, a system adopting the vector magnetic field measuring method, and the SERF magnetometer adopting the system, which can realize high-sensitivity three-axis magnetic field measurement, do not need to consider whether action atoms in a gas chamber are overlapped or not, have simple optical path and are easy to miniaturize and integrate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a SERF magnetometer comprises the following steps:
1) The magnetometer works in a state without spin exchange relaxation and realizes differential detection;
2) The method comprises the following steps of applying a radio frequency magnetic field with the same frequency amplitude and 90-degree phase difference in the x direction and the y direction of a three-dimensional magnetic field coil respectively to complete zero setting of the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction;
3) Changing the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field to enable the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line type waist in a relation curve graph of the direct current output amplitude of the balanced detector changing along with the z-direction magnetic field at the point where the z-direction magnetic field is zero to complete the frequency optimization of the radio frequency magnetic field;
4) During measurement of the three-axis magnetic field: the direct current component signal output by the balanced detector represents the magnetic field in the z direction; the output end of the balanced detector is connected with a phase-locked amplifier, after the optimized radio frequency magnetic field frequency is used as reference frequency for demodulation, x-direction output and y-direction output are obtained from the phase-locked amplifier, and the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field respectively represent the magnetic field in the x direction and the y direction.
Preferably, in the step 1), the atomic gas chamber (2) is heated to 105-150 ℃ to obtain 10 13 -10 14 /cm 3 The atomic gas chamber (2) is under a very low external field, the three-axis magnetic field is close to zero, and the magnetometer is in a state without spin exchange relaxation.
Preferably, in the step 1), one beam of pump light (1) passes through the atomic gas chamber (2), and rubidium atoms in the atomic gas chamber (2) are polarized through optical pumping; the transmitted light is divided into two beams through a Wollaston prism (3) and reaches a balanced detector (4), so that differential detection is realized.
Preferably, the pump light (1) is elliptically polarized light, and the wavelength is red detuned of rubidium atom D1 line transition frequency.
Preferably, in the step 2), the voltage signal obtained by the balanced detector (4) is input into the spectrum analyzer, in order to compensate the magnetic fields in the x, y and z directions to be close to zero, a 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is added in the x direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil (5), the magnetic field in the z direction is adjusted, when the magnetic field is close to zero, the amplitude of a 10Hz side lobe at the radio frequency magnetic field frequency in the power density spectrogram is maximum, then the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction are adjusted, and when the amplitude at the radio frequency magnetic field frequency in the power density spectrogram is zero, the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction are completely zeroed.
Preferably, in the step 3), the application direction of the 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is changed and the signal is loaded in the z direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil (5); and changing the frequency of the radio frequency modulation magnetic field to enable the point where the magnetic field in the z direction is zero to be at the position with the maximum slope on the waist of the absorption line type, and at the moment, the amplitude at the frequency of 10Hz in the PSD graph is maximum, so that the radio frequency magnetic field frequency optimization is completed.
Preferably, in the step 4), the voltage signals obtained by the balance detector (4) are respectively sent to an oscilloscope and a phase-locked amplifier (7); the direct current component signal (6) after the oscilloscope signal is subjected to low-pass filtering represents the magnetic field in the z direction; the phase-locked amplifier (7) takes the frequency of the radio-frequency magnetic field as a reference frequency, and after demodulation, an x-direction output (8) and a y-direction output (9) are obtained from the in-phase channel and the out-phase channel of the phase-locked amplifier, and represent the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction.
A system for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a SERF magnetometer adopts the method to carry out three-axis magnetic field measurement.
A SERF magnetometer comprising a system as described above.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained as follows:
the atomic cell is heated to an elevated temperature, e.g. 150 degrees C, to obtain a temperature of 10 14 /cm 3 The whole measuring device is placed in a magnetic shielding barrel of 4 layers of permalloy, so that an atomic gas chamber is under a very low external field, and the magnetometer is in a state without spin exchange relaxation. A beam of elliptically polarized light, which is in near resonance with the Rb87 atom, polarizes the rubidium atom in the atomic gas cell by optical pumping along the z direction. The spin of polarized atoms is deflected by a magnetic field in the x or y directionSo that the polarization angle of the transmitted light is changed accordingly. The magnitude of the magnetic field can be obtained by detecting the change in the polarization angle of the transmitted light. However, at this time, the line type of the deflection angle changing along with the external magnetic field is an absorption line type, and at the resonance point where the magnetic field is zero, the deflection angle is very insensitive to the change of the external magnetic field. At this time, if a high-frequency modulation magnetic field is added in the direction of the magnetic field to be measured, such as the x direction, so that the SERF magnetometer works in a transverse parameter modulation mode, the absorption line type of which the deflection angle changes along with the external magnetic field is modulated into a dispersion line type, the amplitude response of the magnetometer at the resonance point where the magnetic field is zero is greatly improved, and the sensitivity of the magnetometer is improved. The change in the polarization angle of the transmitted light is proportional to the change in the spin polarization of the atoms, so we focus on analyzing the precession of the spin polarization below.
In transverse parametric modulation mode, the precession of atomic spin polarization under an external magnetic field can be given by Bloch equations:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Γ is the relaxation rate and R is the pumping rate. At this time, if the magnetic fields in the y and z directions are equal to zero, the magnetic field in the x direction is B x +B 1 cos(ωt)，B x Is the magnetic field to be measured. To solve the above Bloch equation, a label P can be introduced + ＝P x +iP y Then, a Bloch equation is solved under a rotating coordinate system which changes around an x axis at a rotating angular velocity, and a first-order component P of the spin polarization of the atoms in the z direction of the pump light can be obtained z (ω) is:
by demodulating the above signals, the magnetic field variation in the x direction can be obtained. If a ray with the same frequency and amplitude as the X-direction radio-frequency magnetic field but 90 degrees phase difference is applied in the y directionFrequency magnetic field B 1 sin (ω t), so that the linearly polarized rf field perpendicular to the magnetic field direction becomes a circularly polarized rf field. At this time, B y Induced z-direction spin polarization change and B x The phase difference of the caused spin polarization change in the z direction is exactly 90 degrees, a phase-locked amplifier is utilized to demodulate signals by radio frequency magnetic field frequency, and magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction can be obtained from an in-phase channel (in-phase) and an out-of-phase channel (out-of-phase) of the phase-locked amplifier.
The measurement of the z-direction magnetic field of the pump light can utilize the circular polarization radio frequency magnetic field of an x-y plane to enable the SERF magnetometer to work in an Mz resonance mode simultaneously. Solving the Bloch equation of the formula (1) can obtain the Z-direction atomic spin polarization direct current component P of the pump light z (0) Comprises the following steps:
where Δ = γ B z - ω. The z-direction atomic spin polarization dc component is an absorption line as shown in fig. 4, where it can be seen that the position slope on the waist of the absorption line is the largest and the magnetic field change is the most sensitive. However, in order to keep the SERF magnetometer working in an optimal state, the z-direction magnetic field needs to be kept close to zero, so that only the frequency ω of the radio frequency magnetic field can be adjusted, so that the working point of the magnetometer is at the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line waist. At this time, we can measure the magnetic field in the z direction.
The invention adopts the technical proposal, so that the magnetometer works in a transverse parameter resonance mode, the phase difference between the spin polarization change in the z direction caused by the magnetic field in the x direction and the spin polarization change in the z direction caused by the magnetic field in the y direction is exactly 90 degrees, and the signals are demodulated by the phase-locked amplifier by using the radio frequency magnetic field frequency to obtain the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction from the in-phase channel and the out-of-phase channel of the phase-locked amplifier; the measurement of the magnetic field of the pump light in the z direction utilizes the circularly polarized radio frequency magnetic field of an x-y plane to enable the SERF magnetometer to work in an Mz resonance mode at the same time, the working point of the magnetometer is at the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line waist, and the direct current component signal output by the balanced detector represents the magnetic field in the z direction. The scheme can realize high-sensitivity triaxial magnetic field measurement, does not need to consider whether action atoms in the air chamber overlap or not, and is simple in light path and easy to miniaturize and integrate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the measurement method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the variation of the in-phase output amplitude of the lock-in amplifier with the magnetic field in the x direction;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the out-phase output amplitude of the lock-in amplifier with the magnetic field in the y-direction;
FIG. 4 is a graph of DC output amplitude as a function of magnetic field in the z-direction.
Wherein, 1, pumping light; 2. an atomic gas cell; 3. a Wollaston prism; 4. a balance detector; 5. a three-dimensional magnetic field coil; 6. outputting in the z direction; 7. a phase-locked amplifier; 8. outputting in the x direction; 9. and outputting in the y direction.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example 1:
a method for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a SERF magnetometer comprises the following steps:
1) The magnetometer works in a state without spin exchange relaxation and realizes differential detection;
2) The method comprises the following steps of applying a radio frequency magnetic field with the same frequency amplitude and 90-degree phase difference in the x direction and the y direction of a three-dimensional magnetic field coil respectively to complete zero setting of the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction;
3) Changing the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field to enable the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line type waist in a relation curve graph of the direct current output amplitude of the balanced detector changing along with the z-direction magnetic field at the point where the z-direction magnetic field is zero to complete radio frequency magnetic field frequency optimization;
4) During measurement of the three-axis magnetic field: the direct current component signal output by the balanced detector represents the magnetic field in the z direction; the output end of the balanced detector is connected with a phase-locked amplifier, after the optimized radio frequency magnetic field frequency is used as reference frequency for demodulation, x-direction output and y-direction output are obtained from the phase-locked amplifier, and the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field respectively represent the magnetic field in the x direction and the y direction.
The specific implementation steps for realizing the triaxial magnetic field measurement by utilizing the method are as follows:
the first step is as follows: applying a high-frequency AC voltage to the high-resistance wire by a high-power low-noise voltage source to heat the atomic gas cell 2, and stabilizing the temperature at a certain high temperature, such as 150 deg.C to obtain 10 deg.C 14 /cm 3 While the whole measuring device is placed in a magnetic shielding bucket of four layers of permalloy, so that the atomic gas cell 2 is under a very low external field. At this time, the magnetometer was operated in a state of no spin-exchange relaxation. As shown in FIG. 1It shows that a beam of pump light 1 with elliptical polarization passes through the atomic gas cell 2, and rubidium atoms in the atomic gas cell 2 are polarized by optical pumping. The transmitted light passes through a Wollaston prism 3 and is divided into two beams to reach a balance detector 4, so that differential detection is realized.
And secondly, zeroing the magnetic field. A radio frequency magnetic field having the same frequency amplitude but a phase difference of 90 degrees is applied to each of the x-direction and the y-direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil 5. The voltage signal obtained by the balance detector 4 is then input to a spectrum analyzer. To compensate the x-, y-and z-direction magnetic fields to close to zero, a 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is first added in the x-direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil 5, and the z-direction magnetic field is adjusted to maximize the 10Hz sidelobe amplitude at the rf magnetic field frequency in the Power Spectral Density (PSD) plot as it approaches zero. Then, the magnetic fields in the x and y directions are adjusted, and when the amplitude of the radio frequency magnetic field frequency in the PSD graph is zero, the zero adjustment of the magnetic fields in the x and y directions is completed.
And thirdly, optimizing the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field. The application direction of the 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is changed and loaded in the z direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil 5. Changing the frequency of the radio frequency modulation magnetic field to make the point where the magnetic field in the z direction is zero be at the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line type waist of fig. 4, and at this time, the amplitude at the frequency of 10Hz in the PSD graph is maximum, thereby completing the frequency optimization of the radio frequency magnetic field.
And fourthly, measuring a three-axis magnetic field. After the zero setting and the parameter optimization are completed, the voltage signals obtained by the balance detector 4 are respectively sent to the oscilloscope and the phase-locked amplifier 7. The signal 6 after low pass filtering the oscilloscope signal represents the magnetic field in the z-direction. The phase lock amplifier 7 uses the frequency of the rf magnetic field as a reference frequency, and after demodulation, the x-direction output 8 and the y-direction output 9 are obtained from the in-phase and out-of-phase channels of the phase lock amplifier, which represent the magnetic fields in the x and y directions. FIG. 2 shows in-phase output with B x A relationship curve of change. FIG. 3 shows out-of-phase output with B y A relationship curve of change. FIG. 4 shows DC output with B z A relationship curve of change.
A system for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a SERF magnetometer adopts the method to carry out three-axis magnetic field measurement.
A SERF magnetometer comprising a system as described above.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "one implementation," "a specific implementation," "other implementations," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment, implementation, or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described above may also be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments, examples, or examples. The present disclosure also includes embodiments in which any one or more of the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described above are formed, alone or in combination.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, variations, deletions, additions or rearrangements of features and elements within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of a SERF magnetometer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The magnetometer works in a state without spin exchange relaxation and realizes differential detection;
2) The method comprises the following steps of applying a radio frequency magnetic field with the same frequency amplitude and 90-degree phase difference in the x direction and the y direction of a three-dimensional magnetic field coil respectively to complete zero setting of the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction;
3) Changing the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field to enable the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line type waist in a relation curve graph of the direct current output amplitude of the balanced detector changing along with the z-direction magnetic field at the point where the z-direction magnetic field is zero to complete radio frequency magnetic field frequency optimization;
4) During measurement of the three-axis magnetic field: the direct current component signal output by the balanced detector represents the magnetic field in the z direction; the output end of the balance detector is connected with the phase-locked amplifier, and after the optimized radio frequency magnetic field frequency is used as the reference frequency for demodulation, the x-direction output and the y-direction output are obtained from the phase-locked amplifier, and respectively represent the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction.
2. A method for realizing vector magnetic field measurement of SERF magnetometer according to claim 1 wherein in step 1) atomic gas cell (2) is heated to 105-150 degrees celsius to obtain 10 13 -10 14 /cm 3 The atomic gas chamber (2) is under a very low external field, the three-axis magnetic field is close to zero, and the magnetometer is in a state without spin exchange relaxation.
3. The method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), a beam of pumping light (1) passes through the atomic gas chamber (2), and rubidium atoms in the atomic gas chamber (2) are polarized by optical pumping; the transmitted light is divided into two beams through a Wollaston prism (3) and reaches a balanced detector (4), so that differential detection is realized.
4. A method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector field measurements according to claim 3 characterized in that said pump light (1) is elliptically polarized light with a wavelength of red detuning of the rubidium atom D1 line transition frequency.
5. The method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the voltage signal obtained by the balanced detector (4) is input into the spectrum analyzer, in order to compensate the magnetic field in the x, y and z directions to be close to zero, a 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is firstly added in the x direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil (5), the z-direction magnetic field is adjusted, when the amplitude of 10Hz sidelobe at the radio frequency magnetic field frequency in the power density spectrogram is maximum, the z-direction magnetic field is adjusted to zero, then the x-direction and the y-direction magnetic fields are adjusted, and when the amplitude at the radio frequency magnetic field frequency in the power density spectrogram is zero, the x-direction and the y-direction magnetic fields are adjusted to zero.
6. A method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement according to claim 5, characterized in that in said step 3), the application direction of 10Hz sinusoidal magnetic field signal is changed and loaded in the z direction of the three-dimensional magnetic field coil (5); and changing the frequency of the radio frequency modulation magnetic field to enable the point where the magnetic field in the z direction is zero to be at the position with the maximum slope on the waist of the absorption line type, and at the moment, the amplitude at the frequency of 10Hz in the PSD graph is maximum, so that the radio frequency magnetic field frequency optimization is completed.
7. The method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the voltage signals obtained by the balance detector (4) are respectively sent to an oscilloscope and a phase-locked amplifier (7); the direct current component signal (6) after the oscilloscope signal is subjected to low-pass filtering represents the magnetic field in the z direction; the phase-locked amplifier (7) takes the frequency of the radio frequency magnetic field as a reference frequency, and after demodulation, an x-direction output (8) and a y-direction output (9) are obtained from an in-phase channel and an out-phase channel of the phase-locked amplifier, and represent the magnetic fields in the x direction and the y direction.
8. The method for realizing SERF magnetometer vector magnetic field measurement according to claim 1, wherein the magnetometer is operated in a transverse parameter resonance mode, the phase difference between the z-direction spin polarization change caused by the x-direction magnetic field and the z-direction spin polarization change caused by the y-direction magnetic field is exactly 90 degrees, the signals are demodulated by a phase-locked amplifier (7) according to the radio frequency magnetic field frequency, and the x-direction magnetic field and the y-direction magnetic field are obtained from the in-phase channel and the out-of-phase channel of the phase-locked amplifier (7); the measurement of the magnetic field of the pumping light in the z direction utilizes the circular polarization radio frequency magnetic field of an x-y plane to enable the SERF magnetometer to work in an Mz resonance mode at the same time, the working point of the magnetometer is at the position with the maximum slope on the absorption line waist, and a direct current component signal (6) output by the balanced detector (4) represents the magnetic field in the z direction.
9. A system for performing vector magnetic field measurements of a SERF magnetometer, wherein three-axis magnetic field measurements are performed using the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A SERF magnetometer comprising the system of claim 9.
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