CN112525793A - Wood liquid permeability analysis and test method - Google Patents
Wood liquid permeability analysis and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112525793A CN112525793A CN202011225229.7A CN202011225229A CN112525793A CN 112525793 A CN112525793 A CN 112525793A CN 202011225229 A CN202011225229 A CN 202011225229A CN 112525793 A CN112525793 A CN 112525793A
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 205
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000978882 Acacia melanoxylon Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220479 Acacia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006491 Acacia senegal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025596 Cassia laevigata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006693 Cassia laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011609 Pinus massoniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124513 senna glycoside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
A method for analyzing and testing wood liquid permeability relates to the field of analysis and test of wood physical properties. A liquid advection pump is used as a driving source in the wood liquid infiltration process, and a piston container is arranged between the advection pump and the sample clamping device and used for placing infiltration liquid to be measured. The combination of the advection pump and the piston container can accurately control the flow of the liquid in the process of permeating the wood sample, and the precision reaches 0.01 ml/min. The tightness of the sample in the penetration test process can be ensured by the wood sample clamping device to be detected, liquid in the penetration process passes through the section of the wood sample to be detected, the low-pressure end of the clamping device is fixed, and the high-pressure end is a slidable component and can be adjusted according to the length of the wood sample to be detected. The high-pressure end of liquid of the wood sample clamping device to be measured is connected with a pressure sensor, the pressure of the high-pressure end of the wood sample is displayed when the permeability is measured, the low-pressure end is also provided with the pressure sensor and communicated with the atmosphere, the pressure of the low-pressure end of the wood sample is displayed when the measurement is carried out, and a wood permeability measurement result is obtained according to a wood liquid permeability calculation equation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wood physical property testing, and particularly relates to a wood liquid permeability analysis testing method.
Background
Wood permeability is one of the important physical properties of wood and is generally divided into gas permeability and liquid permeability according to the properties of the permeating fluid. Many aspects of wood scientific research and processing utilization are closely related to permeability, especially wood liquid permeability, and are always used as important parameters in the research of wood drying, wood impregnation reinforcement, preservative treatment, flame retardant treatment and pulping and papermaking processes. The measurement and analysis of the liquid permeability of wood are always the research focus in the field of physical research of wood due to the fact that wood trees are various and have anisotropic characteristics. With the adjustment of the wood resource structure in China, particularly with the complete stop of commercial cutting of natural forests in China in 2016, the usage ratio of the wood of the artificial fast-growing forests to the wood imported from abroad becomes higher and higher. According to the eighth national forest resource clearing result, the national forest area is 2.08 hundred million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 21.63%, wherein the artificial forest area is 0.69 hundred million hectares, the accumulated quantity is 24.83 hundred million cubic meters, the forest area and the forest accumulated quantity respectively occupy the 5 th position and the 6 th position in the world, and the artificial forest area occupies the first position in the world. Although the area of the artificial forest is large, the trees planted in the artificial forest mostly are fast-growing trees with high growth speed, such as fir, poplar, eucalyptus, masson pine, and the like, the trees often have the characteristics of poor dimensional stability, easy occurrence of drying defects, poor permeability, low strength, light and soft materials, and the like, drying treatment is required in production, impregnation modification enhancement treatment is required in some cases, and analysis of wood liquid permeability is very necessary no matter wood permeability evaluation before drying or impregnation modification or secondary drying of treated materials. The other important wood source in China, imported wood abroad, has the characteristics of various tree species and production places and large variability of wood properties, and compared with the traditional wood in China, the wood has great difference, is also very necessary for analyzing and determining the liquid permeability, and can provide guidance and reference for actual production.
The structural sketch of a testing device adopted in the current wood liquid permeability research is shown in fig. 1, and main components comprise a vacuum pump interface (1), a mercury differential pressure gauge (2), a vacuumizing valve (3), a differential pressure gauge valve (4), a measuring cylinder (5), a liquid outflow valve (6), a to-be-tested sample mounting position (7), a liquid inflow valve (8) and a water tank (9). In the testing process, a vacuumizing valve (3), a differential pressure gauge valve (4), a liquid outflow valve (6) and a liquid inflow valve (8) are opened, vacuum is applied to a vacuum pump interface (1), the volume and the time of water in the measuring cylinder are recorded, differential pressure is recorded by using a mercury differential pressure gauge, and then the liquid permeability of the wood test to be tested is calculated by using a Darcy formula. The principle and the structure of the testing device are simple, but the following problems exist:
firstly, the driving force in the liquid permeation process is small, because the main driving force in the liquid permeation process is a vacuum pump (the liquid gravity generated by the height of a water tank is small), the pressure difference at two ends of a sample to be measured generally does not exceed 1 unit atmospheric pressure, for wood with poor permeability, the pressure difference of 1 unit atmospheric pressure is small, the flow generated by the liquid permeation sample can be very small, the deviation can be generated in the processes of calculating the flow in a certain time through a measuring cylinder and the like, and the measurement can not be carried out on wood which is difficult to permeate;
secondly, the traditional liquid permeation equipment is simple and crude, the testing precision is poor, the pressure difference is read through a mercury pressure difference meter, the flow rate is recorded through the volume of the permeation liquid in the measuring cylinder, the time is recorded through a stopwatch, the above operations are all manually completed, one test operator needs to read a plurality of test parameters in the process, and human errors, operation process errors and the like can all affect the testing precision;
thirdly, the tightness of the test sample in the test process is problematic, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the test, it is required to ensure that liquid permeates through the wood sample, the main test sample sealing modes at present are rubber tube wrapped test samples, outer layer winding wires after the rubber tube wrapped test samples, outer layer metal hoop fastening after the rubber tube wrapped test samples, universal glue coated test samples fixed in the tubes and the like, the tightness is difficult to ensure by the former three methods, especially for the wood with poor permeability, part of liquid is easy to leak from between the wood sample and the rubber tube, the repeatability of the test is reduced by the universal glue sealing test samples, and the test is more complex;
fourthly, the traditional wood liquid testing process is unstable state permeation, because the pressure difference in the vacuum pumping process by using the vacuum pump is not easy to control, and along with the proceeding of the liquid permeation process, the liquid level height in the water tank can be changed, so that the pressure difference at two ends of the wood sample is changed, the wood liquid permeation process is actually unstable state, and the permeability is calculated by using the Darcy formula, so that the measurement deviation can be caused. Therefore, the design of the novel wood liquid permeability analysis testing device with stable liquid permeability process and excellent sample tightness is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at the defects of unsteady state, small measuring range, poor sample tightness in the testing process, large result error and the like in the testing process of the conventional wood liquid permeability testing equipment, and provides the steady state method for analyzing and testing the wood liquid permeability, which can adjust the liquid permeability pressure difference in the liquid permeability process in a large range, and simultaneously ensures the sample tightness in the experimental process. Provides technical support for the measurement of wood liquid permeability after the wood liquid permeability is artificially modified and enhanced and the wood liquid permeability is measured by using the method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wood liquid permeability analysis testing method device is shown in a schematic structure diagram in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of driving a liquid to be detected in a piston container to permeate a wood sample by adopting an advection pump, and driving the liquid to permeate the wood sample to be detected by adopting positive pressure
a. The method comprises the following steps that a constant-flow pump is adopted to drive liquid to be detected in a piston container to permeate a wood sample, valves and pressure sensors are arranged at two ends of a clamping device for the wood sample to be detected, the constant-flow pump can adjust the flow rate of the liquid to be detected in the piston container in the process of permeating the wood sample, pressure difference is formed at two ends of the wood sample, the liquid inlet end of the clamping device for the wood sample is a high-pressure end, the liquid outlet end of the clamping device for the wood sample to be detected is communicated with the atmosphere and is a low-pressure end, the liquid;
b. the liquid flow of the wood sample is adjusted through the constant-flow pump, the constant-flow pump pushes the piston in the piston container to move, liquid to be detected in the piston container is driven to flow into the wood sample clamping device sample chamber, after the wood sample to be detected is infiltrated, the sample clamping device is discharged through the low-pressure end, the flow control precision of the constant-flow pump is 0.01ml/min, and the flow adjustable range in the operation process is as follows: 0.01-9.99 ml/min, the pressure tolerance range in the operation process is as follows: 0-45 MPa;
c. the design volume of the piston container is 1000ml, the design pressure resistance is 70MPa, and the material is 316L stainless steel. Pipeline connections are adopted between the constant-current pump and the piston container and between the piston container and the wood sample clamping device as liquid flow paths, the pipelines are made of stainless steel materials, the pipe diameter is phi 3mm, the pipelines are flexible and can be curled, and the designed pressure resistance is 70 MPa;
d. the other end of the wood sample holder is communicated with the atmosphere and is a low-pressure end, pressure difference is established at the two ends of the wood sample to be detected, and liquid is driven to permeate the wood sample to be detected by positive pressure;
(2) the structure of the clamping device for the wood sample to be detected is shown in figure 3.
a. The wood sample clamping device can ensure the tightness of the penetration test process, namely liquid in the penetration process can pass through the section of the wood sample to be tested, the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is fixed, and the high-pressure end is a slidable component and can be adjusted according to the length of the wood sample to be tested;
b. the clamping device for the wood sample to be detected comprises a sample chamber, a high-pressure end clamping head, a low-pressure end clamping head, a fixed sample rubber cylinder (with the inner diameter of 26mm) and an adjusting screw rod;
c. the sample chamber is formed by processing 316L stainless steel, and is provided with 3 interfaces, namely a test liquid high-pressure end inlet, a test liquid low-pressure end outlet and an annular pressure inlet, wherein the test liquid high-pressure end inlet and the test liquid low-pressure end outlet are respectively provided with a high-pressure end clamping head and a low-pressure end clamping head, and a liquid flow channel with the diameter of 2-3 mm is processed on a plug;
d. the middle section interface of the sample chamber is an annular pressure inlet, high-pressure liquid enters the sample chamber from the annular pressure inlet, the wood sample is placed in the fixed sample rubber cylinder and then is placed in the sample chamber, two ends of the rubber cylinder are respectively connected with the liquid high-pressure end clamping head and the low-pressure end clamping head, and the wood sample to be detected is tightly wrapped by the external annular pressure, so that the tightness of the liquid permeability detection process is ensured. The ring pressure is adjustable from 0MPa to 70MPa and is regulated and controlled by a hydraulic pump, the ring pressure is kept to be always greater than the pressure of a liquid permeation high-pressure end by 2MPa to 3MPa in the experimental determination process, and the permeation liquid is prevented from leaking from the side face of the wood sample;
e. low pressure end holding head is fixed design, and it has the liquid outflow hole to open, and high-pressure end holding head is movable subassembly, adjusts by connecting high-pressure end holding head screw rod, can transfer the evidence according to the timber sample length that awaits measuring, and adjustable range 20mm ~ 80mm, adjustable range also can be testable timber sample length scope, and the timber sample that awaits measuring is the cylinder, and the diameter is 25 mm.
f. The heating and heat preservation unit is arranged outside the sample chamber, the set temperature can be adjusted in the test process, the temperature adjusting precision is 0.1 ℃, and the temperature adjusting range is 20-100 ℃.
(3) The high-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device to be detected is connected with a high-pressure end pressure sensor, the high-pressure end pressure of the wood is displayed according to the high-pressure end pressure sensor when the permeability is measured, the low-pressure end is communicated with the atmosphere and is connected with a low-pressure end pressure sensor, and the precision of the high-pressure end and the low-pressure end pressure sensors reaches 0.01 MPa. And displaying the liquid permeation flow by the advection pump, and calculating an equation according to the liquid permeability to obtain a wood permeability measurement result.
a. Liquid flows out from the low-pressure end clamping head after passing through the wood sample, the flow rate of the liquid can be set and adjusted through the advection pump, and the flow control precision is 0.01 ml/min;
b. the recorded high-pressure end liquid pressure and low-pressure end liquid pressure of the clamp holder of the sample to be detected, namely the atmospheric pressure of the place where the experiment is located, the indoor temperature during the experiment, the appearance size of the wood sample and the liquid flow are measured, and the data are brought into the following wood liquid permeability calculation formula:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0For testing the atmospheric pressure in the process, Q is onThe flow rate of the wood sample solution, μ is the viscosity of the permeated solution, L is the length of the wood sample, A is the cross-sectional area, and P is1Is the liquid pressure at the inlet of the high pressure end.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematic view of a conventional wood liquid permeating device
1 vacuum pump interface, 2 mercury differential pressure gauge, 3 vacuum-pumping valve, 4 differential pressure gauge valve, 5 graduated cylinder, 6 liquid outlet valve, 7 sample mounting position, 8 liquid inlet valve, 9 water tank
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a wood liquid permeability test analysis device of the present invention
11 hydraulic pump, 12 ring pressure valve, 13 low pressure end pressure sensor, 14 low pressure end valve, 15 electronic balance, 16 ring pressure sensor, 17 temperature sensor, 18 heating and heat preservation unit, 19 wood sample clamping device, 20 high pressure end pressure sensor, 21 high pressure end valve, 22 piston container, 23 piston container inlet end valve, 24 advection pump, 25 osmotic liquid preheating unit, 26 advection pump liquid supply tank
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of a wood sample holding device
31 low-pressure end clamping head, 32 sample cavity, 33 rubber sleeve, 34 high-pressure end clamping head and 35 adjusting screw rod
Detailed Description
Example 1
Wood longitudinal liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of conventionally kiln-drying sawn timber of the artificial fir, drilling a cylindrical sample of the timber along the grain direction by using a coring bit, measuring the appearance size of the timber sample by using a vernier caliper before the test, wherein the length L of the sample is 24.90mm, and the diameter of the sample is 25.20mm, so that the cross section area A of the sample is 498.51mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be detected is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity again, one end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated to enable the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be detected and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) to be connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 2MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit (18), and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 0.5cm3Min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 0.25MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.10MPa, so that the pressure difference is 0.15 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of the water passing through the wood sample, 0.5cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 24.90mm, P1The gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end is 0.25MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 498.51mm2And calculating to obtain the longitudinal liquid permeability K of the fir wood of the artificial forest, which is about 2.79 mD.
Example 2
Wood radial liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of conventionally kiln-drying sawn timber of the artificial fir, drilling a radial cylindrical sample of the timber by using a coring bit, measuring the appearance size of the timber sample by using a vernier caliper before the test, wherein the length L of the sample is 24.85mm, and the diameter of the sample is 25.40mm, so that the cross-sectional area A of the sample is 506.45mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be detected is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (33) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be detected and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 2MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit (18), and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 0.05cm3Min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 0.86MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, so that the pressure difference is 0.76 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of the water passing through the wood sample, 0.05cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 24.85mm, P1Is the gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end, 0.86MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 506.45mm2And calculating to obtain the radial liquid permeability K of the fir wood of the artificial forest to be about 0.054 mD.
Example 3
Wood longitudinal liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of conventionally kiln-drying sawn timber of artificial forest poplar, drilling a cylindrical sample of the timber along the grain direction by using a coring bit, measuring the appearance size of the timber sample by using a vernier caliper before the test, wherein the length L of the sample is 25.02mm, and the diameter of the sample is 25.10mm, so that the cross-sectional area A of the sample is 494.56mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be tested is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve (33) is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be tested and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 2MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit (18), and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a valve of a clamping head at the high-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device, opening a constant-flow pump (24), adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 0.5ml/min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 0.24MPa, the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, and therefore the pressure difference is 0.14 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of the water passing through the wood sample, 0.5cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 25.02mm, P1The gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end is 0.24MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 494.56mm2And calculating to obtain the longitudinal liquid permeability K of the fir wood of the artificial forest about 3.03 mD.
Example 4
Wood longitudinal liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of sawing the wood through a conventional kiln of the acacia senegal of the artificial forest, drilling a cylindrical sample of the wood along the grain direction by using a coring bit, measuring the appearance size of the wood sample by using a vernier caliper before the test, wherein the length L of the sample is 25.02mm, and the diameter of the sample is 26.50mm, so that the cross section of the sample is transverseThe area A is 551.26mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be tested is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve (33) is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be tested and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 2MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit (18), and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 2.0cm3Min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 0.24MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, so that the pressure difference is 0.14 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of the water passing through the wood sample, 2.0cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 25.02mm, P1Is the gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end, 0.33MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 551.26mm2And calculating to obtain the longitudinal liquid permeability K of the acacia melanoxylon of the artificial forest, which is about 6.61 mD.
Example 5
Wood radial liquid permeability determination: the artificial forest acacia senna conventional kiln dried sawn timberA radial cylindrical sample of wood is drilled by a core drill, the external dimension of the wood sample is measured by a vernier caliper before the measurement, the length L of the sample is 25.02mm, the diameter of the sample is 26.40mm, and therefore the cross-sectional area A of the sample is 547.11mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be detected is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be detected and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 21MPa, starting a heating and heat-preserving unit, and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 0.05cm3At min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 18.70MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, so that the pressure difference is 18.60 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of the water passing through the wood sample, 0.05cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 25.02mm, P1The gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end is 18.7MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 547.11mm2Calculating to obtain the longitudinal liquid permeability K of the acacia melanoxylon of the artificial forestIt was 0.0021 mD.
Example 6
Wood longitudinal liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of sawing wood in a conventional kiln by using a manual forest fire nana, drilling a cylindrical sample of the wood along the grain direction by using a coring bit, measuring the external dimension of the wood sample by using a vernier caliper before the test, wherein the length L of the sample is 25.02mm, and the diameter of the sample is 26.70mm, so that the cross-sectional area A of the sample is 559.62mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be tested is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve (32) is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be tested and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 2MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit, and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 1.0cm3Min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 1.20MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, so that the pressure difference is 1.10 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the flow of water passing through the wood sample, 1.0cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample and is 25.02mm, P1Is the gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end,1.20MPa，P0the liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 559.62mm2And calculating to obtain the longitudinal liquid permeability K of the artificial forest fire power nanmu wood to be about 0.682 mD.
Example 7
Wood radial liquid permeability determination: the method comprises the steps of sawing wood through a conventional kiln of a manual forest fire nana, drilling a radial cylindrical sample of the wood by using a coring bit, measuring the external dimension of the wood sample by using a vernier caliper before testing, wherein the length L of the sample is 25.00mm, the diameter of the sample is 26.10mm, and therefore the cross-sectional area A of the sample is 534.75mm2Pure water is used as the penetrating liquid;
the high-pressure end clamping head (34) of the wood sample clamp holder in the figure 3 is detached, the rubber sleeve (33) in the sample cavity (32) is taken out, a wood sample to be tested is placed in the rubber sleeve (33), then the rubber sleeve (33) containing the wood sample is placed in the sample cavity (32) again, one end of the rubber sleeve (33) is connected with the low-pressure end clamping head (31), the other end of the rubber sleeve is connected with the high-pressure end clamping head (34), and after the wood sample is placed, the adjusting screw rod (35) is rotated, so that the high-pressure end clamping head (34), the wood sample to be tested and the low-pressure end clamping head (31) are connected;
starting a hydraulic pump (11) switch to load ring pressure on the wood sample holder, wherein the loading pressure is 13MPa, starting a heating and heat-insulating unit (18), and setting the test temperature to be 20 ℃;
opening a high-pressure end clamping head valve of the wood sample clamp holder, opening a constant-flow pump (24), and adjusting the flow rate of the constant-flow pump to be 0.05cm3Min, starting liquid permeation, reading the pressure at two ends of the sample after the liquid at the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device is stable, wherein the pressure at the high-pressure end is 10.90MPa, and the pressure at the low-pressure end of the sample is 0.1MPa, so that the pressure difference is 10.8 MPa;
the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ is 1.005 mPas, calculated according to the wood liquid permeability:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0Is the pressure of the liquid at the outlet of the low-pressure end, Q is the pressure of the liquid passing throughFlow rate of water of wood sample, 0.05cm3Mu is the viscosity of water at 20 ℃ and is 1.005 mPas, L is the length of the wood sample, 26.10mm, P1The gas pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure end is 10.90MPa, P0The liquid pressure at the outlet of the low-pressure end is 0.1MPa, A is the cross section area of the sample, 534.75mm2And calculating to obtain the radial liquid permeability K of the artificial forest fire power nanmu wood, which is about 0.00362 mD.
Claims (6)
1. A wood liquid permeability analysis and test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that a constant-flow pump is adopted to drive liquid to be detected in a piston container to permeate a wood sample, valves and pressure sensors are arranged at two ends of a clamping device for the wood sample to be detected, the constant-flow pump adjusts the flow rate of the liquid to be detected in the piston container in the process of permeating the wood sample, pressure difference is formed at two ends of the wood sample, the liquid inlet end of the clamping device for the wood sample is a high-pressure end, the liquid outlet end of the clamping device for the wood sample to be detected is communicated with the atmosphere and is a low-pressure end, gas is driven;
(2) the wood sample clamping device is adopted, the clamping device ensures the sample tightness in the penetration test process, namely, liquid in the penetration process passes through the section of the wood sample to be detected, the low-pressure end of the clamping device is fixed, the high-pressure end of the clamping device is constructed in a sliding manner, and the adjustment can be carried out according to the length of the wood sample to be detected;
(3) the high-pressure end of the clamping device for measuring the wood sample to be measured is connected with a pressure sensor, when permeability is measured, the upstream pressure of the wood sample is displayed according to the pressure sensor, the low-pressure end is communicated with the atmosphere, liquid permeation flow is determined according to the reading of the advection pump, and a wood liquid permeability measurement result is obtained according to a liquid permeability calculation equation.
2. The wood liquid permeability analysis test method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) comprises:
the process of liquid permeation of the wood sample is driven by a constant-flow pump, a piston container is arranged between the constant-flow pump and the wood sample clamping device, liquid required for permeation of the wood sample is placed in the piston container, the constant-flow pump injects the liquid into the inlet end of the piston container at a constant liquid flow rate, and a piston in the piston container moves at the driving flow rate of the constant-flow pump under the driving of the constant-flow pump to push the liquid in the piston container to flow out of the piston container;
liquid in the piston container enters the high-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device through a pipeline and a pressure sensor, and the permeating liquid flows through the wood sample under the driving of the advection pump and then flows out of the low-pressure end of the wood sample clamping device.
3. The wood liquid permeability analysis test method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) comprises:
the clamping device for the wood sample to be detected comprises a sample chamber, a high-pressure end clamping head, a low-pressure end clamping head, a fixed sample rubber cylinder and an adjusting screw rod;
the sample chamber is formed by processing stainless steel, and is provided with 3 interfaces, namely a test liquid high-pressure end inlet, a test liquid low-pressure end outlet and an annular pressure inlet, wherein the test liquid high-pressure end inlet and the test liquid low-pressure end outlet are respectively provided with a high-pressure end clamping head and a low-pressure end clamping head, and a liquid flow channel is processed on the clamping heads;
the middle section interface of the sample chamber is an annular pressure inlet, high-pressure liquid enters the sample chamber from the annular pressure inlet, the wood sample is placed in the sample chamber together after being placed in a fixed sample rubber cylinder, and two ends of the rubber cylinder are respectively connected with a high-pressure end clamping head and a low-pressure end clamping head;
the low pressure end clamping head is fixed design, and the high pressure end clamping head is mobile subassembly, is adjusted by connecting high pressure centre gripping head end screw rod, can adjust according to the timber sample length that awaits measuring.
4. The wood liquid permeability analysis test method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises:
the flow of liquid permeating the wood sample is regulated by the constant-flow pump, the constant-flow pump pushes a piston in a piston container to move, liquid to be detected in the piston container is driven to flow into a sample chamber of the wood sample holder, and the liquid to be detected is discharged out of the sample holder through a low-pressure end after permeating the wood sample;
the advection pump can control the flow of the liquid in the process of permeating the wood sample, the precision is 0.01ml/min, and the flow adjustable range of the advection pump in the operation process is as follows: 0.01-9.99 ml/min, the pressure range of the operation process is as follows: 0-45 MPa;
when the wood liquid penetration test is carried out, the wood sample clamping device is penetrated out by liquid stably, and the liquid flow, the high-pressure-end liquid pressure and the low-pressure-end liquid pressure are recorded after the pressure at two ends of the wood sample to be tested is stable, namely the atmospheric pressure and the test temperature of the test site, the appearance size of the wood sample is measured, and the data are brought into the following wood liquid penetration calculation formula:
in the above formula, K is the liquid permeability of the wood sample, P0To measure process atmospheric pressure, Q is the flow of liquid through the wood sample, μ is the viscosity of the osmotic liquid, L is the length of the wood sample, A is the cross-sectional area, P1Is the liquid pressure at the inlet of the high pressure end.
5. The wood liquid permeability analysis test method of claim 1, wherein:
the design volume of the piston container is 1000ml, the design pressure resistance is 70MPa, and the material is 316L stainless steel;
pipeline connections are adopted between the constant-current pump and the piston container and between the piston container and the wood sample clamping device as liquid flow paths, the pipelines are made of stainless steel materials, the pipe diameter is phi 3mm, the designed pressure resistance is 70MPa, and the pipelines are flexible and can be curled;
the piston in the piston container moves at the driving flow velocity of the constant flow pump under the driving of the constant flow pump, liquid in the piston container is pushed to flow out of the piston container, the liquid flows into the high-pressure end of the wood test clamping device through a pipeline, the liquid permeates through a wood sample and then flows out of an outlet at the low-pressure end, the pressure at the high-pressure end of the wood sample can be controlled by adjusting the flow velocity of the constant flow pump in the test process, so that pressure differences of different sizes can be generated at two ends of the wood sample, and the liquid permeability of the wood under different pressure differences and.
6. The wood liquid permeability analysis test device of claim 1, wherein:
the wood sample clamping device comprises a wood sample clamping device sample chamber, a high-pressure end clamping head, a low-pressure end clamping head and an adjusting screw rod, wherein the wood sample clamping device sample chamber, the high-pressure end clamping head, the low-pressure end clamping head and the adjusting screw rod are all made of 316L stainless steel, a high-pressure end clamping head and a low-pressure end clamping head are respectively installed at a high-pressure end inlet and a low-pressure end outlet of a test liquid, and a liquid;
the low-pressure end clamping head is fixedly designed, the high-pressure end clamping head is a movable component, and the high-pressure end clamping head can be regulated by a screw according to the length of a wood sample to be tested, wherein the adjustable range is 20-80 mm, and the adjustable range is also the range of the length of the wood sample to be tested;
the wood sample is placed in a fixed sample rubber cylinder and then is placed into a sample chamber together, two ends of the rubber cylinder are respectively connected with a liquid high-pressure end clamping head and a low-pressure end clamping head, the diameter of the hollow part of the rubber cylinder is slightly larger than that of the wood sample to be detected, the designed diameter of the wood liquid permeability analysis testing device sample is 25mm, and the diameter of the rubber cylinder is 26 mm;
the middle section interface of the sample chamber is an annular pressure inlet, high-pressure liquid enters the sample chamber from the middle section interface, the wood sample to be detected is tightly wrapped through the high-pressure liquid compression rubber cylinder, the air tightness in the liquid permeability detection process is guaranteed, and the annular pressure is adjustable at 0-70 MPa. The ring pressure is provided by a hydraulic pump, and is always kept 2-3 MPa higher than the pressure of a liquid permeation high-pressure end during a test, so that the sealing of a sample in the liquid permeation process is ensured, and the permeation liquid is prevented from leaking from the side surface of the wood sample;
the heating and heat preservation unit is arranged outside the sample chamber, the set temperature can be adjusted in the test process, the temperature adjusting precision is 0.1 ℃, and the temperature adjusting range is 20-100 ℃.
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