CN108119132B - Tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore-zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device and method - Google Patents
Tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore-zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device and method. The device comprises: the device comprises a displacement pump (1), a middle container (2), at least three rock core holders (3) which are connected in series through pipelines and have different diameters, a pressure measuring device (4), a flowmeter (5), a flow controller (6), a confining pressure pump (7), a gas-water separator (8) and a control system (9). The device greatly improves the research level of the water-containing gas reservoir development experiment and fills up the research blank of the related field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device and method.
Background
In recent years, tight sandstone gas has received increasing attention due to its enormous resource potential. In the production development process, the pressure drop funnel of the near wellbore area is large, the water saturation change of the near wellbore reservoir is obvious, and a gas well produces a large amount of water, so that the influence on the gas reservoir development is large. Research studies have found that near-wellbore gas-water flow is radial and that the disc-shaped core and equipment cannot be used to demonstrate radial seepage. At present, no related equipment is used for simulating the radial flow of the near wellbore region in a laboratory, the change rule of the water saturation of the near wellbore region cannot be systematically researched, and the radial seepage water production rule of the near wellbore region of a gas well is still in a blank stage, so that scientific research and customs clearance are urgently needed in the research field. In order to deeply know the change rule of the water saturation of the tight sandstone gas reservoir near the wellbore region, a special experimental method and experimental equipment are needed to complete the process.
The existing tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore area water saturation experimental method comprises a round sand filling model experiment (a tight sandstone flat plate physical model) and a long core simulation experiment. For a compact sandstone flat plate physical model, the model can accurately monitor the pressure of a point, but the experimental volume is large, the water saturation is difficult to establish and measure, and the experimental accuracy is low. For a long core simulation experiment, the model cannot accurately simulate the planar radial seepage of the tight sandstone and cannot reflect the flowing state of reservoir fluid in the actual production process of the tight sandstone gas reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
One purpose of the invention is to provide a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device;
the invention also aims to provide a simulation method for the water saturation of the near-wellbore zone radial seepage of the tight sandstone gas reservoir.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device, wherein the device comprises: the core-breaking device comprises a displacement pump 1, a middle container 2, at least three core holders 3 which are connected in series through pipelines and have different diameters, a pressure measuring device 4, a flowmeter 5, a flow controller 6, a confining pressure pump 7, a gas-water separator 8 and a control system 9.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein the displacement pump is an ISCO displacement pump.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the intermediate container is a titanium alloy intermediate container.
The intermediate container is not only a high-pressure nitrogen container of saturated gas, but also an energy supply source for simulating the far-end stratum of the tight sandstone gas reservoir.
The intermediate container adopts a sealing gasket with two sealing surfaces.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the core holder is a titanium alloy core holder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the difference between the diameters of two adjacent core holders is 1-10 cm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the diameters of the three core holders are respectively 5-15cm, 3-5cm and 1-3cm from large to small, and the diameters of two adjacent core holders are different.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the diameters of the three core holders are from large to small, 10.5cm, 3.8cm, and 2.5cm, respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the three core holders each have a length of 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the respective core holder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the flow controller is a high pressure resistant microtube with a pressure resistance of up to 30 MPa.
The invention can simulate the shaft to control the flow by adopting the high-pressure resistant micro-pipes with different types, greatly improve the experimental research capability by adopting the high-pressure resistant micro-pipes, deeply know the flowing rule of single-phase fluid and gas and liquid phases in the micro-pipes, determine the influence factors and the change rule of the thickness of the boundary layer of the fluid and disclose the micro seepage mechanism of the low-permeability compact oil and gas reservoir.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the control system is a computer.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the displacement pump (1), the intermediate container (2), the three core holders (3) arranged in a diameter-decreasing manner, the water removal device (8) and the flow controller (6) are sequentially connected through a pipeline, the three core holders are respectively connected with the confining pressure pump through pipelines, pressure measuring devices are arranged on the pipeline between the confining pressure pump and the core holders and at two ends of each core holder, and the flow meter is electrically connected with the control system.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the pressure measuring device (4) comprises a pressure sensor (41) and a pressure detector (42), the pressure sensors are arranged on a pipeline between the confining pump and the core holders and at two ends of each core holder, each pressure sensor is electrically connected with the pressure detector, and the pressure detector is electrically connected with the control system (9).
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the core holder (3) is composed of three core holders with diameters from large to small in series: the core holder comprises a first core holder (31), a second core holder (32) and a third core holder (33), wherein the displacement pump (1), a middle container (2), the first core holder (31), the second core holder (32), the third core holder (33), a water removal device (8) and a flow controller (6) are sequentially connected through pipelines, and pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the two ends of the first core holder, the outlet end of the second core holder and the pipelines between the third core holder and the water removal device.
Only one specific pressure sensor arrangement is provided, but the pressure sensors can be arranged in other ways as long as the pressure change of the confining pressure and the pressure change of each core holder can be measured; for example, pressure sensors can also be arranged directly on the lines connecting the intermediate containers to the core holders and on the lines connecting the core holders to one another.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the confining pressure pump (7) is connected with three core holders through multi-channel valves (9), and a pressure sensor is arranged on one channel of the multi-channel valves.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the multi-channel valve is a six-channel valve.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the confining pressure pump (7) is connected with a multi-channel valve (9) through a pipeline, and the multi-channel valve is connected with the three core holders through pipelines respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a three-way valve (11) is arranged in the line between the third core holder (33) and the dewatering device (8), and a pressure sensor between the third core holder (33) and the dewatering device (8) is arranged in one path of the three-way valve.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, a two-way valve (10) is arranged on a pipeline of the displacement pump (1) connected with the intermediate container (2) and a pipeline of the intermediate container (2) connected with the core holder (3).
In another aspect, the invention further provides a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking three rock cores with different diameters, respectively placing the rock cores in rock core holders which are connected in series according to the diameters from large to small, applying confining pressure to the rock cores, introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders until the air pressure in the rock core holders is 20-50MPa, opening outlet switches of the rock core holders after the pressure is stable, naturally relieving the pressure at two ends of the rock cores in the rock core holders, recording the pressure changes at two ends of the three holders in the process and the water yield of the rock cores to calculate the gas yield of the rock cores under water saturation, taking out the rock cores after the air pressure in the rock core holders reaches the abandon pressure, weighing and calculating the change of the water saturation.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the overburden pressure of the formation where the core is located is determined according to the core extraction depth, and the overburden pressure is confining pressure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the confining pressure is 20 to 50 MPa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the core is subjected to a first set of measurements to determine the desired water saturation.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the step of establishing the desired water saturation comprises evacuating the core and pressurizing the core to saturation, recording pressure changes during the process and gas flow changes during the simulation, and establishing the desired water saturation.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the invention performs pressurized saturation by using formation water, and records pressure and flow changes of the process and establishes the desired water saturation.
Specific procedures for establishing water saturation are well known in the art, such as air drying, centrifugation, displacement, and capillary self-priming; according to some embodiments of the invention, the water saturation is established by displacement.
The core size is mainly determined according to the core holder, and the core diameter sizes matched with the core holder are generally 10.5cm, 3.8cm and 2.5 cm; the core diameter typically ranges from 2.5cm to 10.5 cm.
The pressure of the exhaust gas as described herein is a term commonly used in the art and refers to the minimum bottom hole pressure at which the gas well maintains production; the range is generally 10-20% of the outlet pressure down to the initial flow pressure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method is a simulation of water saturation using the apparatus of any of the present invention.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the method comprises: taking three rock cores with different diameters, respectively placing the rock cores into rock core holders (3) which are connected in series according to the diameters from large to small, pressurizing the rock core holders to the required confining pressure by using confining pressure pumps (7), introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders by using middle containers (2) after the rock cores are stabilized, continuously introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders by using displacement pumps (1) to enable the pressure in the rock core holders to reach 20MPa, controlling the gas flow by using flow controllers (6) after the pressure is stabilized, opening switches of the flow controllers, recording the pressure change data of each pressure measuring device and the water yield of the rock cores, and further calculating the gas yield under the water saturation, taking out the rock cores after the abandon pressure is reached, weighing and calculating the water saturation change.
According to some embodiments of the invention, after the pressure has stabilized, the three-way valve (11) is opened and the gas flow is then controlled by the flow controller (6).
According to the invention, three cores with different diameters, namely a large core, a middle core and a small core, are connected in series on the horizontal plane of a rock core axis before an experiment, and the three cores with different diameters are connected in series, so that the radial seepage of a small sector in a near-well zone is ingeniously simulated. And (3) confining pressure is added to the rock core in the rock core holder by using a confining pressure pump, the ISCO displacement pump and the intermediate container are used for carrying out saturation pressure on the rock core until the pressure is balanced, the ISCO displacement pump is closed, an outlet micro-tube switch is opened, and a gas reservoir development simulation experiment is carried out. Each port of the rock core holder is provided with a high-precision pressure sensor and is connected with a pressure patrol instrument, the pressure patrol instrument transmits a pressure signal to a computer, and a flowmeter is arranged at an outlet to record outlet flow. And displaying and recording real-time change conditions of pressure and flow on a computer until the failure experiment is finished, weighing and calculating the change of water saturation, and obtaining the change rule of the near-wellbore area radial seepage water saturation through the change of the water saturation of each rock core. The test method and the test equipment are put forward for the first time, and provide a new test method and research for the water saturation change rule in a laboratory.
In conclusion, the invention provides a tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device and method. The scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the experimental device utilizes the existing experimental clamper and other devices, adopts a special pressure sensor, a pressure-resistant intermediate container and a micro-pipe device, wherein the pressure sensor is 0-40MPa, the precision is 0.1 percent, and the radial seepage water saturation change rule test of the near-wellbore area is carried out. In the experiment, cores with large, medium and small diameters are connected in series in a saturation pressure failure experiment on the horizontal plane of a rock core axis, and the cores with different diameters are connected in series to ingeniously simulate small sector-shaped radial seepage (figure 2) in a near-well zone, so that the change rule of the water saturation of the radial seepage is researched. And the micro-pipe is arranged at the outlet of the set of series-connected clampers, the wellbore is skillfully simulated by the micro-pipe, and the micro-pipes with different diameters are used for simulating the diameter of the wellbore, so that the influence of the wellbore flow on the change rule of the water saturation of the radial seepage is researched. The device greatly improves the research level of the water-containing gas reservoir development experiment and fills up the research blank of the related field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a small sector radial seepage near the wellbore.
FIG. 3 is a graph of pressure at each pressure measurement point as a function of time;
in the graph 3, the pressure of each pressure measuring point is increased along with time and slowly reduced in a concave curve manner, wherein the pressure at the outlet end is reduced fastest, then the pressure at the outlet of the core is 3.8, the pressure at the outlet of the core is 10.5, the pressure at the inlet of the core is 10.5, the pressure drop at two ends of each core at the middle and later stages is obvious, and the pressure drop funnel of the plane radial seepage flow can be reflected.
FIG. 4 is a graph of outlet gas flow rate over time;
in fig. 4, the outlet gas flow rate gradually decreases with time, and the pressure relief production mode of the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the production field is met.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in water saturation of the core after the experiment (outlet microtubes 40 μm).
In FIG. 5, it is evident that under the control of the outlet microtube 40 μm, the water saturation changes of 10.5cm, 3.8cm and 2.5cm cores after the saturation failure experiment under different water saturations are respectively observed. The change rule of the water saturation of the tight sandstone gas reservoir in the near wellbore region can be well reflected through experiments, and the method is very helpful for the research on the change of the water saturation of the tight sandstone gas reservoir.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in water saturation of the core after the experiment. FIG. 6 visually reflects the water saturation before the experiment and the water saturation after the experiment.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments and the advantageous effects thereof, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Example 1
1. According to the experimental requirements, three cores with different diameters are respectively placed into three holders (the diameters are respectively 10.5cm, 3.8cm and 2.5cm, the lengths are respectively 1.5 times of the respective diameters), the cores are vacuumized and pressurized to be saturated, and the water saturation required by the experiment is respectively established (as shown in figure 5, the water saturation is respectively 60%, 55%, 50%, 45% and 40%);
2. connecting equipment according to the figure 1, opening a computer pressure recording experiment system and a flow recording system, debugging the pressure recording system, and determining that recording software, flow recording software and the like work normally;
3. firstly, placing a sandstone core required by an experiment into a holder, fixing, connecting an experiment process, slowly adding confining pressure required by the experiment, and preparing the next experiment after stabilizing for a period of time;
4. connecting an intermediate container filled with high-pressure nitrogen to the inlet of a 10.5cm rock core holder, saturating the three holders with the high-pressure nitrogen, filling the nitrogen, pressurizing the intermediate container through an ISCO displacement pump so as to saturate the three holders with the high-pressure nitrogen to 20MPa, stabilizing for a period of time after the pressures at the inlet and the outlet are consistent, and closing the ISCO displacement pump;
5. opening a micro-tube end switch, opening a pressure recording system and a flow recording system, and starting an experiment;
6. recording the pressure change conditions (as shown in figure 3) at two ends of the three clampers, recording the gas flow change condition (as shown in figure 4) at the outlet end and the accumulated gas production, wherein the accumulated gas production can be obtained by metering on a computer recording flow software;
7. and after the experiment reaches the abandonment pressure, ending the experiment, taking out and weighing the rock core, and calculating the change of water saturation through the required water saturation established before the experiment and the water saturation of the rock core obtained by weighing after the experiment (as shown in figures 5 and 6 and table 1).
TABLE 1
Claims (19)
1. A tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation device, the device comprising: the device comprises a displacement pump (1), a middle container (2), at least three core holders (3) which are connected in series through pipelines and have different diameters, a pressure measuring device (4), a flowmeter (5), a flow controller (6), a confining pressure pump (7), a gas-water separator (8) and a control system (9); the core holder (3) is formed by connecting three core holders with diameters from large to small in series: the core holder comprises a first core holder (31), a second core holder (32) and a third core holder (33), the diameters of the three core holders are respectively 5-15cm, 3-5cm and 1-3cm from large to small, and the diameter difference of the two adjacent core holders is 1-10 cm; the pressure measuring device (4) comprises a pressure sensor (41) and a pressure patrol detector (42), wherein the displacement pump (1), the middle container (2), the first core holder (31), the second core holder (32), the third core holder (33), the water removal device (8) and the flow controller (6) are sequentially connected through pipelines, the three core holders are respectively connected with the confining pressure pump through pipelines, the flow meter is electrically connected with the control system, the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the pipelines between the confining pressure pump and the core holders and between the two ends of the first core holder, the outlet end of the second core holder, the pipelines between the third core holder and the water removal device, each pressure sensor is electrically connected with the pressure patrol detector, and the pressure patrol detectors are electrically connected with the control system (9).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the confining pressure pump (7) is connected with three core holders by a multi-channel valve (9) and a pressure sensor is arranged on one channel of the multi-channel valve.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the multi-channel valve (9) is a six-channel valve.
4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the confining pressure pump (7) is connected with a multi-channel valve (9) through a pipeline, and the multi-channel valve is connected with the three core holders through pipelines respectively.
5. An arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that a three-way valve (11) is arranged in the line between the third core holder (33) and the dewatering device (8), and that a pressure sensor between the third core holder (33) and the dewatering device (8) is arranged in one path of the three-way valve.
6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement pump (1) is an ISCO displacement pump.
7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate container (2) is a titanium alloy intermediate container); the core holder (3) is a titanium alloy core holder.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the three core holders are 10.5cm, 3.8cm, and 2.5cm in diameter from large to small, respectively.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is a pressure-resistant microtube and the control system is a computer.
10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a two-way valve (10) is provided on the conduit of the displacement pump (1) to the intermediate container (2) and on the conduit of the intermediate container (2) to the core holder (3), respectively.
11. A tight sandstone gas reservoir near-wellbore zone radial seepage water saturation simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking three rock cores with different diameters, respectively placing the rock cores in rock core holders which are connected in series according to the diameters from large to small, applying confining pressure to the rock cores, introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders until the air pressure in the rock core holders is 20-50MPa, opening outlet switches of the rock core holders after the pressure is stable, naturally relieving the pressure at two ends of the rock cores in the rock core holders, recording the pressure changes at two ends of the three holders in the process and the water yield of the rock cores to calculate the gas yield of the rock cores under water saturation, taking out the rock cores after the air pressure in the rock core holders reaches the abandon pressure, weighing and calculating the change of the water saturation; the method is used for simulating the water saturation by using the device of any one of claims 1-10.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the confining pressure applied to the core is: and determining the overburden pressure of the stratum where the rock core is located according to the rock core extraction depth, wherein the overburden pressure is confining pressure.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the confining pressure is 20-50 MPa.
14. The method as recited in claim 11, comprising establishing a desired water saturation prior to placing the core in a core holder.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein establishing the desired water saturation comprises evacuating and pressurizing the core to saturation, recording pressure changes during the process and gas flow changes during the simulation, and establishing the desired water saturation.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the pressurized saturation is pressurized saturation with formation water.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein establishing the desired water saturation comprises establishing the water saturation using a displacement method.
18. The method of claim 11, wherein the method comprises: taking three rock cores with different diameters, respectively placing the rock cores into rock core holders (3) which are connected in series according to the diameters from large to small, pressurizing the rock core holders to the required confining pressure by using confining pressure pumps (7), introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders by using middle containers (2) after the rock cores are stabilized, continuously introducing nitrogen into the rock core holders by using displacement pumps (1) to enable the pressure in the rock core holders to reach 20MPa, controlling the gas flow by using flow controllers (6) after the pressure is stabilized, opening switches of the flow controllers, recording the pressure change data of each pressure measuring device and the water yield of the rock cores, and further calculating the gas yield under the water saturation, taking out the rock cores after the abandon pressure is reached, weighing and calculating the water saturation change.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises: after the pressure is stabilized, the three-way valve (11) is opened, and then the gas flow is controlled by the flow controller (6).
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| CN109707376B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-12-22 | 西南石油大学 | Method for simulating large water body expansion water invasion in oil and gas reservoir failure exploitation process |
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| CN110018105B (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-04-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Matrix-fracture system gas flow simulation device and method |
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| CN113899643B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2024-05-28 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating erosion resistance of chemical sand control consolidated core |
| CN115494163B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2024-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | System and method for determining gas-gas diffusion coefficient in gas reservoir |
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| US6571605B2 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2003-06-03 | Larry Keith Johnson | Constant-head soil permeameter for determining the hydraulic conductivity of earthen materials |
| WO2011011284A1 (en) * | 2009-07-18 | 2011-01-27 | University Of Wyoming | Single-well diagnostics and increased oil recovery by oil injection and sequential waterflooding |
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| RU2558838C1 (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2015-08-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-исследовательский институт природных газов и газовых технологий-Газпром ВНИИГАЗ" | Modelling and estimating active storage capacity of underground gas storage in water-bearing fractured porous structures |
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| CN205138977U (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A jumbo size rock core holder for radial flow experiment |
| CN106771090B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-11-12 | 浙江海洋大学 | Along the measuring method and measurement device of journey emulsification of crude oil ability during a kind of template surface activating agent displacement of reservoir oil |
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