CN112497867A - 一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112497867A
CN112497867A CN202011319144.5A CN202011319144A CN112497867A CN 112497867 A CN112497867 A CN 112497867A CN 202011319144 A CN202011319144 A CN 202011319144A CN 112497867 A CN112497867 A CN 112497867A
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quartz
diameter
hours
fabric
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庄银江
高鹏刚
庄津
黄国堂
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Guangdong Armor Protection Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Armor Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，属于消防用品制备技术领域。本发明的目的是为了解决现有防火服的防火性能与穿着性、强度不兼顾的问题。本发明以石英纤维为基体材料，石英纤维自身不燃且耐高温性能优异，使得所制备的防火服面料可长期耐800℃高温使用，能在1200～1400℃下短时使用；本发明所制备的防火服面料，石英纤维自身强度大且针织密度高，使得面料的力学强度好，可有效防止火灾过程中的尖锐物高温穿透，适用于消防员、家庭消防等场景。

Description

一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，属于消防用品制备技术领域。
背景技术
消防安全是重大的安全问题之一。在面临火灾等重大危急事件时，保证消防员的安全，是消防救援得以成功的关键要素。防火服是消防员及高温作业人员近火作业时穿着的防护服装，用来对其上下躯干、头部、手部和脚部进行隔热防护，包括防火上衣、防火裤、防火头套、防火手套以及防火脚套。具有防火、隔热、耐磨、耐折、阻燃、反辐射热等特性。目前，通用防火服面临着诸多问题，防火性能好的消防服存在穿着笨重，行动不方便、不灵活，防坠物穿刺性能差等问题，而轻便灵活的消防服则存在着防火性能差、强度低等问题，严重影响了消防救援的计划和效果。例如现有防火服使用阻燃面料覆合铝箔，阻燃面料主要有两种一种是全棉阻燃斜纹纱卡，一种C/N棉锦阻燃布，覆合铝箔后既有良好的阻燃性能，外面的铝箔层还可以起到很好的防热辐射功能，但是整体很笨重，穿戴极为不方便和不舒适，严重影响了人员的自由活动能力，从而进一步影响逃生和救援的效果。
尤其值得注意的是，在火灾环境中，受高温焚烧等环境因素影响，在救援环境中极易存在铁质、木质、水泥等尖锐的高空坠物，对消防人员的安全造成了的极大的威胁。为此，本发明提供了一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，以解决消防服的防火性能与强度的兼顾问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有防火服的防火性能与穿着性、强度不兼顾的问题，提供一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，在保证遇火不燃的基础上，还具有质量轻、强度高等优点。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一、分别将直径1～10微米、直径10～15微米的石英纤维浸渍于钛酸酯偶联剂的溶液中2～10分钟后取出，分别于80～120℃的鼓风烘箱中烘干后，冷却至室温，然后分别转移至有机纳米蒙脱土的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍10～15分钟后取出，分别于150～180℃的鼓风烘箱中烘干，冷却至室温，得直径1～10微米、直径10～15微米的改性石英纤维；
步骤二、将纤维直径为0.5～5微米的石英棉浸渍于浓度为5～10％的纳米二氧化钛的乙醇分散相中，超声1～3小时后取出，于120℃下真空干燥8小时，制得改性石英棉；
步骤三、将步骤一所得的直径1～10微米改性石英纤维制备成规格为150D/9的九股线，将直径为10～15微米的改性石英纤维制备成规格为420D/3的三股线；以150D/9九股线做经线，420D/3三股线做纬线，机织为经纬密度分别为108根/英寸、58根/英寸的平纹布；
步骤四、以步骤三所得平纹布为上下层，以步骤二所得改性石英棉为中间层，改性石英棉的铺设密度为每平方厘米0.1～0.3g；采用针刺法进行机械加固，针刺密度为每平方厘米0.5～2针，得石英针刺布；
步骤五、将步骤四所得的石英针刺布浸渍于浓度为2～8％的酯基季铵盐的溶液中，10小时后取出，于80℃下真空干燥4小时，即得一种不燃、高强防火服面料。
有益效果
1、本发明提供的一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，所制备的防火服面料，以石英纤维为基体材料，石英纤维自身不燃且耐高温性能优异，使得所制备的防火服面料可长期耐800℃高温使用，能在1200～1400℃下短时使用；
2、本发明提供的一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，所制备的防火服面料，石英纤维自身强度大且针织密度高，使得面料的力学强度好，可有效防止火灾过程中的尖锐物高温穿透，适用于消防员、家庭消防等场景；
3、本发明提供的一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，制备方法简单，所需原料易得，制备过程清洁环保，无污染，使用工厂现有织造设备即可生产，适用于大规模的生产制备。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，具体如下：
步骤一、将20kg直径为3～5微米的石英纤维浸渍于浓度为1％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中2分钟后，取出，于80℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥10小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为10％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍10分钟，取出，于150℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.85kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
将20kg直径为13～15微米的石英纤维浸渍于浓度为1％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中2分钟后，取出，于80℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥10小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为10％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍10分钟，取出，于150℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.63kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
步骤二、将步骤一所制备的直径为3～5微米的改性石英纤维制备成150D/9九股线，做经线；将直径为13～15微米的改性石英纤维制备成420D/3三股线，做纬线，机织为经纬密度分别为108根/英寸、58根/英寸的平纹布；
步骤三、将直径为3～5微米的石英棉浸渍于浓度为10％的纳米二氧化钛的乙醇分散相中，超声3小时后取出，于120℃下真空干燥8小时，制得改性石英棉；
步骤四、以平纹布为上下层，以改性石英棉为中间层，改性石英棉的使用量为每平方厘米铺设0.3g；采用针刺法进行机械加固，针刺密度为每平方厘米2针，得石英针刺布；
步骤五、将石英针刺布浸渍于浓度为8％的酯基季铵盐的溶液中10小时后取出，于80℃下真空干燥4小时，即得不燃、高强防火服面料。
经检测及使用，所制备的防火服面料，石英纤维中的SiO2有效含量≮99.9％，遇火不燃，耐高温性能优异，在800℃高温下使用10天以上强度无变化，在1200℃下可使用5分钟，在1400℃下可使用15秒；力学强度好，纤维抗拉强度≮3GPa，可有效防止火灾过程中的尖锐物高温穿透。
实施例2：
一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，具体如下：
步骤一、将直径为1～3微米的20kg石英纤维浸渍于浓度为2％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中10分钟后，取出，于120℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥10小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为15％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍15分钟，取出，于180℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.97kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
将直径为11～13微米的20kg石英纤维浸渍于浓度为2％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中10分钟后，取出，于120℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥10小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为15％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍15分钟，取出，于180℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥5小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.35kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
步骤二、将由步骤一所制备的直径为1～3微米的改性石英纤维制备成150D/9九股线，做经线；将直径为11～13微米的改性石英纤维制备成420D/3三股线，做纬线，机织为经纬密度分别为108根/英寸、58根/英寸的平纹布；
步骤三、将直径为3～5微米的石英棉浸渍于浓度为8％的纳米二氧化钛的乙醇分散相中，超声2小时后取出，于120℃下真空干燥8小时，制得改性石英棉；
步骤四、以平纹布为上下层，以改性石英棉为中间层，改性石英棉的使用量为每平方厘米铺设0.2g；采用针刺法进行机械加固，针刺密度为每平方厘米1针，得石英针刺布；
步骤五、将石英针刺布浸渍于浓度为6％的酯基季铵盐的溶液中10小时后取出，于80℃下真空干燥4小时，即得不燃、高强防火服面料。
经检测及使用，所制备的防火服面料遇火不燃，石英纤维中的SiO2有效含量≮99.95％，耐高温性能优异，在800℃高温下使用15天以上强度无变化，在1400℃下可使用8分钟，在1600℃下可使用15秒；强度好，纤维抗拉强度≮3.5GPa，可有效防止火灾过程中的尖锐物高温穿透。
实施例3：
一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，具体如下：
步骤一、将20kg直径为2～5微米的石英纤维浸渍于浓度为1.5％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中8分钟后，取出，于100℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥8小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为8％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍13分钟，取出，于160℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥7小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.65kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
将20kg直径为11～13微米的石英纤维浸渍于浓度为1.5％的钛酸酯偶联剂的水溶液中8分钟后，取出，于100℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥8小时后烘干，冷却至室温，然后转移至有机纳米蒙脱土质量分数为8％的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍13分钟，取出，于160℃的鼓风烘箱中干燥7小时后烘干，冷却至室温，即得20.53kg改性石英纤维，储存备用；
步骤二、将步骤一直径为2～5微米的改性石英纤维制备成150D/9九股线，做经线；将直径为11～13微米的改性石英纤维制备成420D/3三股线，做纬线，机织为经纬密度分别为108根/英寸、58根/英寸的平纹布；
步骤三、将直径为1～5微米的石英棉浸渍于浓度为5％的纳米二氧化钛的乙醇分散相中，超声3小时后取出，于120℃下真空干燥8小时，制得改性石英棉；
步骤四、以平纹布为上下层，以改性石英棉为中间层，改性石英棉的使用量为每平方厘米铺设0.1g；采用针刺法进行机械加固，针刺密度为每平方厘米2针，得石英针刺布；
步骤五、将石英针刺布浸渍于浓度为8％的酯基季铵盐的溶液中10小时后取出，于80℃下真空干燥4小时，即得不燃、高强防火服面料。
经检测及使用，所制备的防火服面料遇火不燃，耐高温性能优异，石英纤维中的SiO2有效含量≮99.96％，在800℃高温下使用20天以上强度无变化，在1400℃下可使用7分钟，在1600℃下可使用15秒；强度好，纤维抗拉强度≮3.8GPa，可有效防止火灾过程中的尖锐物高温穿透。
以上所述的具体描述，对发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种不燃、高强防火服面料的制备方法，其特征在于：具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一、分别将直径1～10微米、直径10～15微米的石英纤维浸渍于钛酸酯偶联剂的溶液中2～10分钟后取出，分别于80～120℃的鼓风烘箱中烘干后，冷却至室温，然后分别转移至有机纳米蒙脱土的硅酸钠水溶液中浸渍10～15分钟后取出，分别于150～180℃的鼓风烘箱中烘干，冷却至室温，得直径1～10微米、直径10～15微米的改性石英纤维；
步骤二、将纤维直径为0.5～5微米的石英棉浸渍于浓度为5～10％的纳米二氧化钛的乙醇分散相中，超声1～3小时后取出，于120℃下真空干燥8小时，制得改性石英棉；
步骤三、将步骤一所得的直径1～10微米改性石英纤维制备成规格为150D/9的九股线，将直径为10～15微米的改性石英纤维制备成规格为420D/3的三股线；以150D/9九股线做经线，420D/3三股线做纬线，机织为经纬密度分别为108根/英寸、58根/英寸的平纹布；
步骤四、以步骤三所得平纹布为上下层，以步骤二所得改性石英棉为中间层，改性石英棉的铺设密度为每平方厘米0.1～0.3g；采用针刺法进行机械加固，针刺密度为每平方厘米0.5～2针，得石英针刺布；
步骤五、将步骤四所得的石英针刺布浸渍于浓度为2～8％的酯基季铵盐的溶液中，10小时后取出，于80℃下真空干燥4小时，即得一种不燃、高强防火服面料。
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