CN112496873B

CN112496873B - Precision forming numerical control blade sharpening process

Info

Publication number: CN112496873B
Application number: CN202011364452.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周悫昱; 赵瑞杰
Original assignee: Zhuzhou Ruilicheng Cemented Carbide Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhuzhou ruilicheng cutting tools Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-11-27
Filing date: 2020-11-27
Publication date: 2022-01-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-27
Also published as: CN112496873A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy blades and discloses a precision forming numerical control blade edge grinding process, wherein a blade to be ground is arranged on a grinding machine, a grinding wheel with the specification of D36 is arranged on the grinding machine for fine grinding, and the feed speed of the grinding wheel is 0.06 mm/S. The beneficial effect of this scheme: when the grinding speed of the grinding wheel with the D36 specification is 0.06mm/S, the circular arc size of the processed hard blade is stable, the notch on the hard alloy blade is avoided, and the processing parameter with the most stable efficiency and size is obtained.

Description

Precision forming numerical control blade sharpening process

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy blades and discloses a precision forming numerical control blade edge grinding process.

Background

In the cutting processing technology, the production processing technology of the blade has very important significance. The key to the continuous development of cutting technology is the direct influence on the machining efficiency and the quality of the machining quality. The hard alloy used as the blade material can meet the modern cutting processing technical requirements of high cutting speed, high red hardness and high durability, and has been deeply applied to various fields of mechanical processing. The high hardness and high wear resistance of the carbide blade make the blade sharpening difficult, and the sharpening process problem becomes the bottleneck of popularization and application.

The existing sharpening process of carbide blades comprises the following steps:

1. the electric spark edge grinding process is one heat etching process, and features that instantaneous high temperature is produced through the discharge between the grinding wheel electrode separated from the dielectric and the hard alloy blade material electrode to carbonize and etch the surface of the blade. The processing efficiency of the electric spark grinding is improved by dozens of times compared with that of the pure mechanical grinding, the grinding cost is low, and the hard alloy blade with a complex shape can be conveniently processed. But because the temperature of electric spark discharge can reach 8000-.

2. The ELID sharpening technology has the basic principle that the base material on the surface of the grinding wheel is removed by an online electrolysis method by utilizing the conductive and electrolysis characteristics of the metal-based grinding wheel base, and the grinding particles cannot be damaged by electrolysis, so that the surface of the grinding wheel is trimmed. The grinding wheel is connected with the positive pole of a power supply through the electric brush, an electrode with good conductivity is manufactured according to the shape of the grinding wheel and connected with the negative pole of the power supply, a certain gap is formed between the electrode and the surface of the grinding wheel, grinding fluid with electrolysis action sprayed from the touch nozzle enters the gap between the electrode and the surface of the grinding wheel, and under the action of a trimming power supply, the grinding wheel matrix is used as the anode to be electrolyzed, so that abrasive particles in the grinding wheel are exposed out of the surface, and a certain cutting height and a chip containing space are formed. With the progress of the electrolysis process, a layer of passive film is gradually formed on the surface of the grinding wheel, so that the electrolysis process is inhibited from continuing, and the abrasion of the grinding wheel is not too fast. The process is a dynamic balance process, not only can the condition that the grinding wheel is consumed too fast be avoided, but also the grinding capacity of the surface of the grinding wheel can be automatically maintained, however, the technology is a new sharpening technology, and the sharpening process is not mature and needs to be further explored.

3. The mechanical sharpening of the diamond grinding wheel is the most mature and effective sharpening of the diamond grinding wheel in a plurality of sharpening methods, and under the condition of reasonable sharpening process parameters, the mechanical sharpening of the diamond grinding wheel can obtain the cutting edge quality and the smooth front and rear knife faces of the blade which are difficult to control and achieve by other sharpening process methods, but compared with other sharpening processes, the mechanical sharpening of the diamond grinding wheel has the defects of high grinding force, low sharpening efficiency, large grinding wheel loss and the like. Therefore, the research on the grinding wheel sharpening process of the hard alloy blade at home and abroad mostly focuses on the research work on sharpening efficiency and the grinding wear ratio of the grinding wheel, and the research on the influence of the sharpening process of the diamond grinding wheels of different models on sharpening quality is less.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a precision-formed numerical control blade sharpening process, which is used for sharpening a hard alloy blade by selecting a diamond grinding wheel with a proper size, so that the sharpening quality of the hard alloy blade is improved.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:

a piece to be sharpened is installed on a grinding machine, a grinding wheel with the specification of D36 is installed on the grinding machine for fine grinding, and the feed speed of the grinding wheel is 0.06 mm/S.

The beneficial effect of this scheme: when the grinding speed of the grinding wheel with the D36 specification is 0.06mm/S, the circular arc size of the processed hard blade is stable, the notch on the hard alloy blade is avoided, and the processing parameter with the most stable efficiency and size is obtained.

Further, a diamond grinding wheel with the D30 specification is installed on a feeding mechanism, a processed hard blade is placed on a material support, after a chuck is started to fix the hard blade, a machining program is input on a control console to carry out blade grinding on the hard blade, and the feed amount of the grinding wheel is 0.06 mm/S. The effect of improving the sharpening quality of the carbide blade is obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the grinding machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the tray of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the pallet and the tray of the present invention

Wherein: 100-grinding machine, 10-bed body, 20-feeding mechanism, 30-saddle, 31-threaded hole, 32-chute, 40-material support, 41-V-shaped groove, 42-U-shaped groove, 43-external thread, 44-keyway, 45-key pin, 50-chuck, 60-ring disc, 61-groove, 70-baffle, 80-support frame, 90-electric cylinder, 110-shaft rod, 120-abrasive belt, 130-reinforcing column and 200-grinding wheel.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided by way of specific examples, and those skilled in the art will appreciate the advantages and utilities of the present invention from the disclosure herein.

A piece to be sharpened is installed on a grinding machine 100, a grinding wheel 200 with the specification of D36 is installed on the grinding machine 100 for fine grinding, and the feed amount of the grinding wheel 200 is 0.06 mm/S.

In the implementation process, four grinding wheels 200 with different specifications, namely D30, D36, D46 and D64, are selected respectively to carry out fine grinding at different feed amounts, and the tool nose state data of seven groups of different hard blades are obtained.

From the seven sets of data, it can be seen that the grinding wheel 200 of D30 has no notch but a small cutting force and is not able to effectively grind the blade. The arc sizes of the hard blades machined by the D46 and D64 grinding wheels 200 are unstable and are both notched, the grinding wheel 200 of D36 is most suitable from the comparative data, and the grinding speed of 0.06mm/S is the machining parameter with the most stable efficiency and size under the condition of ensuring no notch.

Referring to fig. 1, a grinding machine 100 includes a machine body 10, a feeding mechanism 20, a pallet 30, a material holder 40 and a chuck 50, wherein the feeding mechanism 20 is installed on the machine body 10, a grinding wheel 200 is installed on the feeding mechanism 20, the pallet 30 is fixedly connected with the machine body 10 and is located below the grinding wheel 200, the material holder 40 is installed on the pallet 30 and is located between the pallet 30 and the grinding wheel 200, and the chuck 50 is installed on the pallet 30 and is located right above the material holder 40.

During implementation, the machine body is placed on the ground of a workshop, a control console and a cooling liquid conveying pipe (not shown in the figure) are further arranged on the machine body, the control console uses the material support 40 as an original point to establish a coordinate system, the X axis and the Y axis are established on the horizontal plane where the material support 40 is located, the Z axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the feeding mechanism 20 is driven by a direct-drive motor (not shown in the figure), and the direct-drive motor is sealed in a track, so that the running environment of the direct-drive motor is better, and the sharpening precision cannot be influenced by water stain and oil stain corrosion in the grinding machine 100. The direct drive motor is selected because the moving speed of the direct drive motor is 40% faster than that of the screw rod, and the control precision can reach +/-0.002. The console controls the direct drive motor through a program, and then controls the feeding mechanism 20 to drive the grinding wheel 200 to move relative to the blade on the material support 40, as shown in fig. 1, the feeding mechanism 20 drives the grinding wheel 200 to have X, Y, B and C degrees of freedom in four directions.

In this way, during machining, the diamond grindstone 200 of D30 standard was attached to the feed mechanism 20, the hard blade to be machined was set on the stock holder 40, the chuck 50 was started to fix the hard blade, and then the machining program was input to the console to sharpen the hard blade, and the feed rate of the grindstone 200 was 0.06 mm/S. The effect of improving the sharpening quality of the carbide blade is obtained.

Wherein, the tray table 30 and the material tray 40 are detachably connected.

Thus, the hard blades of different specifications are different in shape, so that the material supports 40 of different shapes need to be designed in a targeted mode, the supporting platform 30 and the material supports 40 are detachably connected, and the material supports 40 can be replaced conveniently.

Referring to fig. 2, a V-shaped groove 41 is formed at the upper end of the material holder 40.

Thus, the hard insert of the regular polygonal type can be fixed well by aligning the cutting edge of the hard insert with the V-groove 41 using the material holder 40 of this type.

Referring to fig. 2, the material holder 40 is further provided with a U-shaped groove 42, and the U-shaped groove 42 is located at the bottom of the V-shaped groove.

Therefore, the hard blade is placed in the material support 40 of the type, the side wall of the hard blade is abutted against the side wall of the V-shaped groove, and the knife tip of the hard blade is suspended in the U-shaped groove 42, so that the knife tip of the hard blade is prevented from being damaged during sharpening.

Referring to fig. 3, a threaded hole 31 is formed in the upper end surface of the tray 30, an external thread 43 is formed in the lower end of the material tray 40, so as to be matched with the threaded hole 31, a key groove 44 is formed in the lower end of the material tray 40 along the horizontal direction, a sliding groove 32 is formed in the tray 30 along the horizontal direction, the sliding groove 32 is matched with a key pin 45, a ring plate 60 is connected to the outer side wall of the tray 30 in a threaded manner, one end of the key pin 45 is inserted into the key groove 44 to be matched, and the other end of the key pin is abutted against the ring plate 60.

In practice, the ring plate 60 is rotated relative to the pallet 30, the inner side wall of the ring plate 60 releases the abutting of the key pin 45, then the key pin 45 is pulled out, so that the matching between the key pin 45 and the key groove 44 can be released, the restriction of the key pin 45 on the material support 40 is released, the material support 40 is rotated relative to the pallet 30, the matching between the threaded hole 31 and the external thread 43 is released, the material support 40 is pulled out, and the new material support 40 can be replaced.

In addition, the ring plate 60 limits the movement of the key pin 45, and the key pin 45 limits the movement of the material support 40 in the vertical direction, so that key connection and threaded connection between the material support 40 and the supporting platform 30 are doubly fixed, and the phenomenon that the cutter grinding error of the hard alloy blade is enlarged due to the movement of the material support 40 is avoided.

In fig. 1, a groove 61 is formed on the upper surface of the ring plate 60.

Therefore, when the hard blade is sharpened, the generated waste cooling liquid flows into the groove 61 of the ring plate 60 together with the supporting platform 30 and then falls to the bottom of the grinding machine 100, so that the gravity potential energy and the kinetic potential energy of the waste cooling liquid are reduced, and the waste cooling liquid is prevented from falling to the bottom of the grinding machine 100 to generate strong splashing.

Referring to fig. 1, a baffle 70 is disposed on the supporting platform 30, and the baffle 70 is located outside the material holder 40 and on a side of the material holder 40 away from the grinding wheel 200.

Thus, when the hard blade is sharpened, the formed chip debris is thrown out by the grinding wheel 200, and the splashing direction is the rotation parabola direction of the grinding wheel 200, namely the direction of the baffle 70, so that the chip debris is prevented from splashing out to cause injury to people.

Referring to fig. 1, a support frame 80 is further fixed on the feeding mechanism 20, an electric cylinder 90 is mounted on the support frame 80, a shaft 110 is mounted on the electric cylinder 90, the shaft 110 is located outside the grinding wheel 200, an end of the shaft 110 away from the support frame is wrapped with an abrasive belt 120, and a radial outer side wall of the abrasive belt 120 extends along an axial direction of the shaft 110 and is circumscribed with the grinding wheel 200.

In practice, the abrasive belt 120 is fixed on the shaft 110 by resin adhesive, and the surface thereof is made of 100-mesh ceramic abrasive.

Therefore, before a new grinding wheel 200 is mounted to sharpen the hard alloy blade, the electric cylinder 90 is started to drive the shaft rod 110 to move in the direction close to the grinding wheel 200, so that the surface of the abrasive belt 120 and the surface of the grinding wheel 200 are rubbed, the pre-grinding effect on the newly mounted grinding wheel 200 is realized, and the problem that the newly mounted grinding wheel 200 cannot be reversed in sharpening due to the fact that the newly mounted grinding wheel 200 is not firmly mounted and the surface roughness is large is solved.

In addition, support bracket 80 functions to maintain the distance between grinding wheel 200 and abrasive belt 120 in the radial direction.

Referring to fig. 1, a plurality of reinforcing columns 130 are fixed on the outer side of the supporting frame 80, and the reinforcing columns 130 are fixedly connected with the feeding mechanism 20.

Thus, the reinforcing column 130 serves as a stable support frame 80, and prevents the abrasive belt 120 from shaking violently to damage the abrasive wheel 200 during pre-grinding of the abrasive wheel 200.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The technology, the shape and the construction part which are not described in detail in the invention are all in the scope of the claims of the invention of the known technology. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a precision forming numerical control blade sword grinds technology, will treat that the piece of whetting a knife is installed on the grinder, its characterized in that: a grinding wheel with the specification of D36 is mounted on the grinding machine for fine grinding, and the feed speed is 0.06 mm/S;

the grinding machine comprises a machine body, a feeding mechanism, a supporting table, a material support and a chuck, wherein the feeding mechanism is arranged on the machine body, the grinding wheel is arranged on the feeding mechanism, the supporting table is fixedly connected with the machine body and is positioned below the grinding wheel, the material support is arranged on the supporting table and is positioned between the supporting table and the grinding wheel, and the chuck is arranged on the supporting table and is positioned right above the material support;

the supporting platform is detachably connected with the material support;

a V-shaped groove is formed in the upper end of the material support;

the upper end face of the supporting platform is provided with a threaded hole, the lower end of the material support is provided with an external thread so as to be matched with the threaded hole, the lower end of the material support is provided with a key groove along the horizontal direction, the supporting platform is provided with a sliding groove along the horizontal direction, the sliding groove is matched with a key pin, the outer side wall of the supporting platform is in threaded connection with a ring plate, one end of the key pin is inserted into the key groove to be matched, and the other end of the key pin is abutted against the ring plate;

the upper surface of the ring disc is provided with a groove;

the support table is provided with a baffle which is positioned at the outer side of the material support and at one side of the material support far away from the grinding wheel;

the feeding mechanism is further fixed with a support frame, an electric cylinder is mounted on the support frame, a shaft lever is mounted on the electric cylinder and located on the outer side of the grinding wheel, an abrasive belt is wrapped on one end, far away from the support frame, of the shaft lever, and the radial outer side wall of the abrasive belt extends along the axial direction of the shaft lever and is circumscribed with the grinding wheel.

2. The precision forming numerically controlled blade sharpening process of claim 1, wherein: the material support is further provided with a U-shaped groove, and the U-shaped groove is located at the bottom of the V-shaped groove.

3. The precision forming numerically controlled blade sharpening process of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of reinforcing columns are fixed on the outer side of the supporting frame and are fixedly connected with the feeding mechanism.