CN1124934C - Process for preparing laminated composite material - Google Patents
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- CN1124934C CN1124934C CN 00101531 CN00101531A CN1124934C CN 1124934 C CN1124934 C CN 1124934C CN 00101531 CN00101531 CN 00101531 CN 00101531 A CN00101531 A CN 00101531A CN 1124934 C CN1124934 C CN 1124934C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for preparing multiple laminated composite materials, which belongs to the field of high-energy material processing and relates to the field of metallic materials, ceramic materials and mechanical processing. The present invention is characterized in that ceramic powder, metallic materials, alloy materials are used for many times of circulating explosive welding in the way of high-energy processing and mechanical processing so as to prepare a simple composite body containing composite ceramic granule materials, re-composite granule mixing materials and composite ceramic layers, and finally, multiple laminated composite materials containing the composite ceramic layers in the form of surface welding can be obtained to enhance the using performance of components relating to the fields of impact resistance, high temperature resistance and abrasion resistance, such as armoring tanks, etc.
Description
A kind of preparation method of multilayer laminar composite belongs to material high energy manufacture field, relates to metal material, ceramic material and field of machining, is a kind of process for preparing a ceramic metal or alloy laminar composite specifically.
Pottery has excellent properties such as high strength, high-fire resistance, high-wearing feature, is with a wide range of applications.But because of poor toughness, its potentiality are not fully exerted far away.The development ceramic-metal composite material can be given full play to pottery and these two kinds of materials of metal excellent specific property separately, enlarges the range of application of ceramic material effectively.
The process of making large tracts of land stratiform composite with the face welding manner has only two kinds of explosive welding and smithwelding.Though explosion welding technique is historical short, its scope of application is then wider relatively.The seventies in 20th century, can make the composite of the shape such as explosive welding composite plate, pipe, shell of various metals and alloy thereof; The eighties, the target of metal, the synthetic piece of alloy powder explosive welding impact fusion, chip solid material also realizes.For example, China's Dalian shipyard (Zhang Tiesheng senior engineer etc.) has begun development and applied metal sheet material explosion welding technique, Chinese Academy of Sciences's explosive welding Study on Theory work that mechanics also is engaged in always as far back as the sixties.The nineties, explosion welding technique is in China's develop rapidly, and professional production producer develops into nearly 20 families the most for a long time, our province only, and sun chemical plant, river, Taiyuan, Taiyuan Iron ﹠ Steel Corp and Yangquan mineral bureau have all set up the subordinate unit that specializes in explosive welding.At present, China has had the steady production ability of explosive welding products such as large-sized multiple layer metal protection plate, copper al wiring terminal, carbon steel-stainless steel explosive welding-rolling composite plate.Now, the mechanism of metallic explosive welding is in the public eye explosion welding technique forward multilayer (more than 28 layers) (Japan, Kumamoto University impact energy research institute), COMPLEX MIXED form and shape (Japan, Kumamoto University impact energy research institute; Japan, Asahi Kasei Corporation), large tracts of land directions such as (Japan, Asahi Kasei Corporations) develops.Smithwelding (comprise hot rolling, on the meaning of strictness, it belongs to the smithwelding category, so " smithwelding " this vocabulary that occurs in this patent also comprises hot rolling) then belongs to the thermoplasticity manufacture field, only is applicable to the higher materials of plasticity such as metal and alloy at present.
In sum, make the explosive welding joining technique of ceramic-metal composite material and this class material and adopt the explosive welding mode to engage the technology of ceramic powder layer and sheet metal in the mode that ceramic powder and liquid metal directly mix, remain the technical barrier that the explosive welding field is not captured as yet.Also successfully do not use at present the example of this class technology and products thereof.Its reason is that all there are bigger difference in ceramic material and metal material aspect physical property and the chemical property, utilizes aforementioned all kinds of technology or its simple combination, is difficult to prepare the large tracts of land composite bed that can satisfy instructions for use.
The object of the invention is, for solving the engagement problems between ceramic-metal, the alloy, provides a kind of and prepares the ceramic-metal that contains ceramic thin film, the process of alloy large tracts of land stratiform composite in the explosive welding mode.
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of multilayer laminar composite; it is characterized in that; it is a kind of method of the multilayer laminar composite that utilizes the explosive welding mode to prepare to contain ceramic thin film; specifically be exactly the method for in the super-pressure pressure field that the nitrolite explosion time produces, making the multi-layer ceramics metal alloy stratiform composite that contains ceramic thin film; this method is utilized ceramic powder and composition thereof; aluminium; zinc; tin; copper; plumbous; iron; nickel; molybdenum; tungsten; the cobalt metal material; aluminium alloy; copper alloy; kirsite; ashbury metal; carbon steel; steel alloy and be combined as raw material mutually; the steps include: that the first step prepares the particle size specification less than the ceramic powder of 3mm and the dimensions aluminium less than 1mm; zinc; tin; copper; plumbous; iron; nickel; molybdenum; tungsten or cobalt metal-powder; the above-mentioned metal material or the aluminium alloy of bulk or sheet; copper alloy; kirsite; ashbury metal; carbon steel or steel alloy; second step: with the ready raw material ceramic powder of the first step; metal; alloying pellet carries out mechanical mixture; the 3rd step: go on foot the ceramic powder that mixes with second; metal; alloying pellet or its mixture compacted become blank; the 4th step: the blank that above-mentioned three steps are obtained carries out sintering; its sintering temperature is 200 ℃-1400 ℃; the 5th step: the sintering blank that the 4th step was obtained carries out the explosive welding impact fusion; the compacting blank that the 3rd step was obtained carries out the explosive welding impact fusion; the 6th step: with the sintering blank of the 4th step acquisition; blank is broken into the particle of grain size less than 4mm after the explosive welding impact fusion that the 5th step obtained; make ceramic-metal-alloy composite particles; the ceramic-metal composite particles; pottery-alloy composite particles; ceramic composite particle; the 7th step: go on foot the composite particles made from the 6th; with second step be equipped with material and make up once more; prepare composite particles mixed material again; the 8th step: go on foot the mixed material of making of composite particles again with the 7th; place metal material; the surface of alloy material; adopt the method for explosive welding and machining; prepare the simple composite body that contains ceramic thin film; the 9th step: the mode that adopts the circulation explosive welding; with above-mentioned simple composite body; metal material; alloy material is bonded together with the form of interface, produces to contain ceramic thin film multilayer stratiform complex material.
The preparation method of multilayer stratiform complex material of the present invention; it is characterized in that described explosive welding impact fusion mode is the A. sealing: with sintering; the powder of compacting and blend of granules whose place the sealing impression; B. isolate: use liquid; gas medium is with blank and isolated from atmosphere; C. cloth medicine: aforementioned nitrolite is placed the separation layer periphery; on; following position; D. ignite: the powerful shock wave of explosive charge forms 150,000 to 350,000 atmospheric super-pressure pressure fields; the blank particle is under the super-pressure effect; moment is finished the process that displacement-friction-surperficial soft heat mutually-extruding engages, and forms high density powder composite particles blank.
The preparation method of multilayer stratiform complex material of the present invention; it is characterized in that described utilize process that the explosive welding mode prepares the simple composite body for A. again the composite particles mixed material coat metal material; the alloy material substrate by complex surface; B. with metal material; alloy material covers on the ceramic thin film that is formed by the mixed material of composite particles again of complex surface; and its side sealed; formation is the simple composite body of cover plate-ceramic thin film-baseplate material form in proper order; C. nitrolite is distributed in and flies to ignite on the plate; utilization flies the plate striking cover plate; ceramic thin film; the substrate explosive welding is shaped; also nitrolite can be distributed on the cover plate and directly ignite the D. inspection-classification.After check, plate-ceramic thin film-substrate form engages and ceramic blankets engages with the apparent surface's formation face that flies plate, substrate to fly, and just becomes the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film-real estate bond types that contains ceramic thin film; To fly that plate-ceramic thin film-substrate form engages but some particle of ceramic thin film upper and lower surface passes the apparent surface who flies plate, substrate, enter its top layer, formation face engages, and just becomes the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film-substrate top layer bond types that contains ceramic thin film; With above-mentioned two kinds of forms engage but can be from ceramic thin film in two, promptly become the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film, substrate-ceramic thin film surface engagement type, and the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film, substrate-ceramic thin film top layer bond types.The preparation method of multilayer stratiform complex material of the present invention; it is characterized in that described utilize process that the machining mode prepares the simple composite body for A. again the composite particles mixed material put into liquid state, semi liquid state metal, alloy liquation; B. stir the companion; raw material is mixed in molten metal bath; C. cast; D. pressure processing shaping obtains containing the simple composite body of ceramic composite particle.
The preparation method of multilayer stratiform complex material of the present invention; the form that it is characterized in that described interface; wherein ceramic powder mainly is embedded in metal, alloy inside with the form bag at mechanical engagement interface; with inside be embedded with ceramic powder, again when the simple composite body that contains ceramic composite particle of composite particles mixed material and metal, alloy bond, its surperficial metal can engage with the substrate explosive welding that metal, alloy are made with interface form, the chimeric form that combines mixed interface with molecule of machinery of the chimeric interface form of machinery, molecule combination.
The preparation method of multilayer laminar composite provided by the invention, solved because of there is very big-difference in physical property and failed the ceramic-metal of realizing, the engagement problems between the alloy always, enlarged ceramic range of application, provide a kind of novel multi-layer laminar composite that contains ceramic thin film for making shock resistance parts, abrasion resistant part, anticorrosive parts such as armour plate, protective plate, thereby improve the serviceability of above-mentioned field various product effectively, promote the update of shock resistance, wear-resistant, anticorrosive part.
Description of drawings:
[Fig. 1] explosive welding processing mode and with the ceramic-metal composite material of alternate manner comprehensive process.
The complex of [Fig. 2] all kinds of complex forms.Fig. 2 .a. steel-Al2O3, aluminium complex-GCr15 steel; Fig. 2 .b. stainless steel-Al2O3, aluminium complex-No. 20 steel-Al2O3, No. 20 steel complex 40Cr steel; Fig. 2 .c. aluminium-sheet Al2O3, steel complex-stainless steel-like multilayer composite.
[Fig. 3] ceramic-metal composite particles manufacture process.Fig. 3 .a. raw material; Fig. 3 .b. material base; Fig. 3 .c. complex; Fig. 3 .d. ceramic-metal composite particles.
[Fig. 4] prepares metal surface or top layer ceramic layer and conjugant classification thereof with the explosive welding mode.The ceramic-metal composite material that obtains after metallic material local contact of the upper and lower both sides of Fig. 4 .a. and realization explosive welding engage; Fig. 4 .b. realization figure a effect and fly plate and upside metal and realize the ceramic-metal composite material that obtains after explosive welding engages; Single-layer ceramic-the metal material that has the single face ceramic thin film that obtains after Fig. 4 .c. explosive welding; Fig. 4 .d. flies the conjugant that plate, upside metal and ceramic layer form; Fig. 4 .e. ceramic layer-metal surface engages the conjugant that forms; Fig. 4 .f. ceramic powder gos deep into the conjugant that forms behind the adjacent metal surface.
[symbol description]
[Fig. 1]: 1-20 steel; 2-Al2O3; The 3-40Cr steel; 4-copper; 5-aluminium-ZrO2, pure iron composite particles; The 6-stainless steel
[Fig. 2]: 1-steel; 2-sheet Al2O3-aluminium, No. 20 steel complexs; The 3-GCr15 steel; The 4-stainless steel; 5-Al2O3-aluminium; The 6-20 steel; The 7-40Cr steel; 8-Al2O3, ZrO2; 9-aluminium; The 10-Al2O3-steel
[Fig. 3]: " ° " represent ceramic powder; " " is metal-powder;
[Fig. 4]: 1-is by multiple metal material in the ceramic layer top; The metal-ceramic mixed layer that forms after the 2-completion of processing; 3-is by multiple metal material in the ceramic layer top; 4-flies plate; The joint form of 5-ceramic layer-metal surface contact; The 6-ceramic powder gos deep into the joint form on adjacent metal surface.Among the figure " ° " expression ceramic powder, ceramic particle etc.
As shown in Figure 3.Select ceramic powder Al2O3:80%, ZrO2:15%, straight iron powder: 5%, will stir after its mixing; Put into the sealing impression with above-mentioned through raw materials mixed, be molded into cylindrical material base; Be that the nitrolite of 1500m/s to 3500m/s carries out the underwater shock explosive welding with above-mentioned material base and solidifies with explosion velocity, make between ceramic powder and the metal-powder to form firm form mechanical chimeric, that generate third phase with the joint interface place between two kinds of conjugants (powder) with " mechanical engagement interface " form and engages, formation density is greater than 70% ceramic-metal powder complex.By required particle size requirement, above-mentioned ceramic-metal powder complex Mechanical Crushing is become ceramic-metal-alloy composite particles.
Al2O3 powder, pure aluminium powder, ceramic-metal composite particles are mixed into composite particles mixed material again with 2: 1: 7 ratio; Raw material is mixed in the 40Cr molten steel of molten condition, and carries out machinery, electromagnetic agitation; Pour into the blank of thick 30mm; Forge into the blank of thick 25mm; Machining and shaping is made the simple composite body that contains a Ceramic Composite tears of thickness 25mm.
Raw material are metal, the alloy material of Al2O3 ceramic powder, polishing.With welding or the mode of pressure processing is made the concave shape of peripheral band 5mm bossing with a metal and place ceramic powder (among Fig. 1 .a " 2 ") with rubbing method at the concave position, add cover plate (among Fig. 1 .a " 1 ") above and weld (among Fig. 1 .a " 1 "), make it and atmospheric isolation (Fig. 1 .a) along outer periphery; With explosion velocity is the nitrolite explosive welding of 1500m/s to 2500m/s, and metal, ceramic powder, alloy material are engaged; Check:, just form the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film-substrate top layer bond types that contains the Al2O3 ceramic thin film if metal, alloy material " 1 ", " 3 " part contact, ceramic powder is pressed into adjacent both sides metal surface (Fig. 1 .b); If realize that above-mentioned form engages but can promptly become the simple composite body that flies plate-ceramic thin film, substrate-Al2O3 ceramic thin film top layer bond types from ceramic thin film in two; If the composite bed that the Al2O3 ceramic powder forms is not pressed into adjacent both sides metal surface (Fig. 1 .b), but metal material, ceramic thin film, alloy material are realized joint, just form the simple composite body that flies plate-Al2O3 ceramic thin film-substrate surface bond types that contains ceramic thin film; If realize that above-mentioned form engages but can just form the simple composite body that flies plate-Al2O3 ceramic thin film, substrate-Al2O3 ceramic thin film surface engagement type from ceramic thin film in two.
Material among Fig. 1 .a: " 1 ", " 3 " are got surface 40Cr steel and No. 20 steel through polishing respectively, are ceramic powder raw material " 2 " with Al2O3; It is disposed and welds periphery by form shown in Fig. 1 .a, with explosion velocity is the nitrolite explosive welding of 1500m/s, make the Al2O3 powder be pressed into the apparent surface of steel, and 40Cr steel, No. 20 steel apparent surface many places confined explosion solder joints form No. 20 steel top layer of the 40Cr steel-Al2O3 composite bed-shown in Fig. 1 .b and engage the simple composite body; In like manner, make surface engagement simple composite body with stainless steel " 6 ", (aluminium-ZrO2, pure iron composite particles) " 5 ", 40Cr steel " 3 " as the last three layers of form of Fig. 1 .d; Utilize circulation explosive welding (EW) connection, by 653,4,1 order, promptness, 123,3 orders explosive welding (EW) respectively are connected into two blocks of multilayer laminar composites, are connected into the multilayer laminar composite of nine layers of form again by explosive welding (EW) of Fig. 1 .d order.Similarly, can make various types of as shown in Figure 2 multilayer stratiform complex materials in such a way.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a multilayer laminar composite; it is characterized in that; it is a kind of quick-fried method that mode prepares the multilayer laminar composite that contains ceramic thin film that connects of exploding of utilizing; specifically be exactly the method for in the super-pressure pressure field that the nitrolite explosion time produces, making the multi-layer ceramics metal alloy stratiform composite that contains ceramic thin film; this method is utilized ceramic powder and composition thereof; aluminium; zinc; tin; copper; plumbous; iron; nickel; molybdenum; tungsten; the cobalt metal material; aluminium alloy; copper alloy; kirsite; ashbury metal; carbon steel; steel alloy and be combined as raw material mutually; the steps include: the first step: prepare the particle size specification less than the ceramic powder of 3mm and dimensions aluminium less than 1mm; zinc; tin; copper; plumbous; iron; nickel; molybdenum; tungsten or cobalt metal-powder; the above-mentioned metal material or the aluminium alloy of bulk or sheet; copper alloy; kirsite; ashbury metal; carbon steel or steel alloy; second step: with the ready raw material ceramic powder of the first step; metal; alloying pellet carries out mechanical mixture; the 3rd step: go on foot the ceramic powder that mixes with second; metal; alloying pellet or its mixture compacted become blank; the 4th step: the blank that above-mentioned three steps are obtained carries out sintering; its sintering temperature is 200 ℃-1400 ℃; the 5th step: with the sintering blank of the 4th step acquisition; the compacting blank that the 3rd step obtained carries out the explosive welding impact fusion; the 6th step: with the sintering blank of the 4th step acquisition; blank is broken into the particle of grain size less than 4mm after the explosive welding impact fusion that the 5th step obtained; make ceramic-metal-alloy composite particles; the ceramic-metal composite particles; pottery-alloy composite particles; ceramic composite particle; the 7th step: go on foot the composite particles made from the 6th; with second step be equipped with material and make up once more; prepare composite particles mixed material again; the 8th step: go on foot the mixed material of making of composite particles again with the 7th; place metal material; the surface of alloy material; adopt the mode of explosive welding and machining; prepare the simple composite body that contains ceramic thin film; the 9th step: the mode that adopts the circulation explosive welding; with above-mentioned simple composite body; metal material; alloy material is bonded together with the form of interface, produces to contain ceramic thin film multilayer stratiform complex material.
2. according to the preparation method of the described multilayer stratiform of claim 1 complex material; it is characterized in that described explosive welding impact fusion mode is the A. sealing: with sintering; the powder of compacting and blend of granules whose place the sealing impression; B. isolate: use liquid; gas medium is with blank and isolated from atmosphere; C. cloth medicine: aforementioned nitrolite is placed the separation layer periphery; on; following position; D. ignite: the powerful shock wave that forms during explosive charge forms 150,000 to 350,000 atmospheric super-pressure stress fields; the blank particle is under the super-pressure effect; moment is finished the process that displacement-friction-surperficial soft heat mutually-extruding engages, and forms high density powder composite particles blank.
3. according to the preparation method of the described multilayer stratiform of claim 1 complex material; it is characterized in that described utilize process that the explosive welding mode prepares the simple composite body for A. again the composite particles mixed material coat metal material; the alloy material substrate by complex surface; B. with metal material; alloy material covers on the ceramic thin film that is formed by the mixed material of composite particles again of complex surface; and its side sealed; formation is the simple composite body of cover plate-ceramic thin film-baseplate material form in proper order; C. nitrolite is distributed in and flies to ignite on the plate; utilization flies the plate striking cover plate; ceramic thin film; the substrate explosive welding is shaped; also nitrolite can be distributed on the cover plate and directly ignite the D. inspection-classification.
4. according to the preparation method of the described multilayer stratiform of claim 1 complex material; it is characterized in that described utilize process that the machining mode prepares the simple composite body for A. again the composite particles mixed material put into liquid state, semi liquid state metal, alloy liquation; B. stir the companion; raw material is mixed in molten metal bath; C. cast; D. pressure processing shaping obtains containing the simple composite body of ceramic composite particle.
5. according to the preparation method of the described multilayer stratiform of claim 1 complex material; the form that it is characterized in that described interface; wherein ceramic powder mainly is embedded in metal with the form bag at mechanical engagement interface; alloy inside; be embedded with ceramic powder with inside; the simple composite body and the metal that contain ceramic composite particle of composite particles mixed material again; during alloy bond, its surperficial metal can be with the chimeric interface form of machinery; the interface form of molecule combination; chimeric form and the metal that combines mixed interface with molecule of machinery; the substrate explosive welding that alloy is made engages.
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| CN 00101531 CN1124934C (en) | 2000-01-09 | 2000-01-09 | Process for preparing laminated composite material |
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| CN 00101531 CN1124934C (en) | 2000-01-09 | 2000-01-09 | Process for preparing laminated composite material |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050079370A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-14 | Corderman Reed Roeder | Nano-multilayered structures, components and associated methods of manufacture |
| JP3862737B1 (en) * | 2005-10-18 | 2006-12-27 | 栄樹 津島 | Cladding material and manufacturing method thereof, cladding material molding method, and heat dissipation substrate using cladding material |
| CN101536867B (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-12-29 | 中国人民解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院 | Composite 3Cr13-Cu (Al)-1Cr18Ni9Ti for energy-saving lampblack free boiler |
| CN101845591B (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2013-02-27 | 浙江兆隆合金股份有限公司 | Copper-steel composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101660096B (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2013-02-27 | 浙江兆隆合金股份有限公司 | Copper-steel-copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101898436A (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江兆隆合金股份有限公司 | Copper steel composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102700192B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-12-17 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of metal and ceramic composite material |
| CN111822718B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-05-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for preparing stainless steel composite plate through powder metallurgy-hot rolling |
| CN114505484A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-17 | 苏州优霹耐磨复合材料有限公司 | Manufacturing method of metal-based ceramic composite wear-resisting plate |
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