CN111822718B - Method for preparing stainless steel composite plate through powder metallurgy-hot rolling - Google Patents
Method for preparing stainless steel composite plate through powder metallurgy-hot rolling Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001039 duplex stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- B22F1/0003—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
- B22F2003/185—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers by hot rolling, below sintering temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/049—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising at particular temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a stainless steel composite plate by powder metallurgy-hot rolling. The metal powder is used as an intermediate material, the gap between the clad plate and the base plate is well filled due to the fine size and good fluidity of the metal powder, and the stainless steel clad plate with the compounding rate of 100 percent can be obtained after hot rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal composite materials, and particularly provides a method for preparing a stainless steel composite plate by combining powder metallurgy with a hot rolling process.
Background
The stainless steel composite plate is a metal composite material which is most common and has the most extensive application, maintains the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, magnetic resistance and other properties of stainless steel and has the characteristics of attractive appearance, good weldability, formability, stretchability and thermal conductivity of carbon steel or alloy steel, and can be widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, shipbuilding, aerospace, pharmacy, food, construction, electronics, chemical industry, machinery, national defense and the like.
Several common methods for producing stainless steel composite panels are: brazing cladding, explosion welding rolling and hot rolling cladding. The brazing compounding method is a method of placing brazing filler metal between the clad metal and the base metal, heating and applying pressure to combine the clad metal and the base metal, and the method is simple to operate, but the prepared composite board is not high in bonding strength and is suitable for metal composite boards with low requirements on the bonding strength; the explosion cladding method can instantly finish cladding of two metals with large difference of melting points, avoids generating intermetallic compounds on an interface, but the composite plate produced by the method has smaller size, poorer plate shape, unstable product quality, large energy consumption, environmental pollution and low yield; the explosion welding rolling method is a method of making blank by explosion and then rolling and forming by using a hot rolling unit, and is limited by the specification of the explosion-rolled composite blank, so that the product specification is limited, and the defects of large energy consumption of explosion process, low production efficiency, environmental pollution and the like are also brought. The hot rolling composite method (vacuum hot rolling composite method) is a method of welding the composite layer metal and the base layer metal in a vacuum welding chamber to prepare a composite blank, and then combining the composite layer metal and the base layer metal by a hot rolling process, and has the characteristics of high production efficiency and large yield, and particularly has great economic advantages for specification and sizing batch products, so the method is the main development trend of stainless steel composite plate production. The vacuum hot rolling composite method has the advantages of complex preparation process, long period and high cost due to high processing precision of the surface to be composite and high welding quality requirement. If the treatment is not proper in the blank making process, the recombination rate of the composite plate can be obviously reduced after hot rolling.
Aiming at the problems of hot rolling and compounding, researchers select a pure iron intermediate material between a compound layer and a base layer, so that the bonding rate of the composite plate can be obviously improved, but the manufacturing cost of the composite plate is still increased after the surface of the composite plate is processed. So far, no report is made on the preparation of stainless steel composite plates by using metal powder as an intermediate material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of complex preparation, long period, high cost, low bonding rate and the like of the vacuum hot rolling composite technology, the invention aims to provide a simple method for preparing a stainless steel composite plate by powder metallurgy-hot rolling, and the bonding rate of the prepared composite plate can reach 100% on the basis of reducing the manufacturing cost of the stainless steel composite plate.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a stainless steel composite plate by powder metallurgy-hot rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a blank: the multi-layer blank is stainless steel, and the base layer blank is carbon steel or alloy steel;
2) preparing prealloyed metal powder: mixing nano titanium oxide powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 50nm and metal powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 100 mu m, and then putting the mixture into a high-energy ball mill for ball milling under the vacuum or liquid nitrogen cooling condition, wherein the ball milling rotating speed is 500-800 rad/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 h, so as to obtain pre-alloyed metal powder; the mass fraction of the nano titanium oxide powder in the pre-alloyed metal powder is 0.1-0.5%; the metal powder is prepared by an argon atomization process, the material of the metal powder can be stainless steel powder which is the same as that of the compound layer, or carbon steel or alloy steel powder which is the same as that of the base layer, and the mass percentage content of oxygen and nitrogen in the metal powder is required to be less than 0.01 percent;
3) preparing a composite blank:
the composite blank is a double-sided composite blank or a single-sided composite blank;
if the blank is a double-sided composite blank: the base layer and the double-clad layer are placed oppositely after the edge parts of the composite surface are chamfered in advance, the base layer and the double-clad layer are welded along three sides in a sealing mode, the composite powder is filled into the gap between the clad layer and the base layer by leaving one side, and the base layer and the double-clad layer are tamped until the powder density reaches 3.0-3.2 g/cm3Finally, hermetically welding the powder-filled side;
if the blank is a single-sided composite blank: the base layer and the single composite layer are oppositely placed after the edge part of the composite surface is chamfered in advance, the base layer and the single composite layer are welded along three sides in a sealing mode, composite powder is filled into a gap between the composite layer and the base layer on one side, and the composite powder is tamped until the powder density reaches 3.0-3.2 g/cm3Finally, hermetically welding one side for filling the powder to obtain a front blank; brushing a separant on the two pre-positioned blanks between the two layers, stacking the stainless steel surfaces oppositely, and welding the two adjacent stainless steel layers of the composite blank by using a stainless steel welding rod;
4) hot rolling:
the heating temperature in a heating furnace is 1200-1300 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1-2 h, the initial rolling temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the rolling speed is 1-3 m/s, the first pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 30%, the first three pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 50%, and the final rolling temperature is 930-1050 ℃.
The isolating agent in the step 3) is silicate paint, wherein the isolating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the water glass is 1: 4-2: 3, and the thickness of the brush coating is 0.5-1.5 mm.
The composite layer blank and the base layer blank in the step 1) can be selected from any one or two combinations of a hot-rolled blank or an as-cast blank, and the composite plate is prepared by preferably selecting the hot-rolled composite layer blank and the continuous-cast base layer blank; the length of the multi-layer blank is the same as that of the base layer blank, the width of the multi-layer blank is 80-120 mm larger than that of the base layer blank, and the thickness of the multi-layer blank and the thickness of the base layer blank are determined according to the composite proportion.
The hot-rolled multi-layer blank and the continuous-cast base layer blank are preferably selected to prepare the composite board, so that two factors are considered, firstly, the composite board manufacturing cost is low, and the continuous-cast plate blank is adopted as the base layer blank because the cast-state blank is lower than the hot-rolled blank, particularly the continuous-cast plate blank is used; and secondly, the composite proportion of the two materials of the composite board is adjusted by adopting hot-rolled stainless steel plates with different thickness specifications after the base layer blank is determined so as to meet the requirements of the market on the composite board.
The carbon steel or alloy steel powder is preferably selected in the invention, because the powder material is the same as the base material, the straight composite interface and the high interface bonding strength can be obtained, and compared with the stainless steel powder, the carbon steel or alloy steel powder has lower manufacturing cost and is also beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost of the whole composite board.
The pre-alloying effect is that nano titanium oxide particles are uniformly dispersed and embedded on the surfaces of metal powder particles in the ball milling process, fine titanium oxide particles are decomposed into titanium and oxygen, trace oxygen is dissolved in the metal particles, oxygen and nitrogen in gaps between the titanium and the powder are combined into nano-grade titanium oxide and titanium nitride in hot rolling (under the high-temperature condition), one of the effects is to eliminate gas on a composite interface and improve the combination rate of the composite plate, and the other effect is to refine crystal grains and pin a grain boundary at the composite interface and improve the combination strength of the composite interface.
The mass fraction of the nano titanium oxide particles in the composite powder is 0.1-0.5%. When the content is less than 0.1%, the bonding strength of the composite interface is reduced, and when the content is more than 0.5%, the nanoparticles are agglomerated in the metal powder, and the bonding strength of the composite interface is reduced. The grain size of the nano particles is not more than 50nm and the grain size of the metal powder is not more than 100 mu m, which is beneficial to mechanical alloying of the powder and improving the bonding strength of a composite interface.
The density of the composite interface powder reaches 3.0-3.2 g/cm during blank making3It is the density of the interface after compaction that cannot be filled with powder. When the technology is used for manufacturing blanks, a common welding mode (argon arc welding or gas shielded welding) is adopted, so that the welding strength can be ensured, and the blank manufacturing cost can be reduced. Compared with vacuum electron beam welding, the welding efficiency is slightly reduced, but the welding strength is higher, and the blank making specification is not limited and the blank making cost is reduced without entering a vacuum chamber.
The invention ensures that the first rolling reduction is more than or equal to 30 percent and the first three rolling reductions are more than or equal to 50 percent during hot rolling, and aims to improve the bonding strength of a composite interface and ensure that the bonding rate of a composite plate reaches 100 percent.
Compared with the vacuum hot rolling composite process, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the composite blank preparation process is simple, short in period and low in cost. The stainless steel composite plate is prepared by means of sand blasting treatment of the surface to be compounded, filling gaps of a composite interface with metal powder, absorbing gas among the metal powder by nano titanium oxide particles, increasing the first reduction rate and the like, and the method replaces the fine processing (milling treatment and alcohol cleaning) and the vacuum electron beam welding of the surface to be compounded of a vacuum hot rolling process, greatly shortens the preparation period and reduces the equipment and process cost. (2) The prepared stainless steel composite board has high recombination rate. Because the metal powder is used as the intermediate material, the gap between the clad plate and the base plate can be well filled due to the fine size and good fluidity of the metal powder, and the stainless steel clad plate with the compounding rate reaching 100 percent can be obtained after hot rolling.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a two-sided composite assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single-sided composite assembly.
Detailed Description
The following description is given with reference to specific examples:
example 1
1) A billet is prepared. The base layer blank is a Q235B continuous casting billet with the size of 3000 multiplied by 2000 multiplied by 150mm, and the multi-layer blank is a 304 austenite stainless steel plate with the size of 3000 multiplied by 2100 multiplied by 50 mm. The chemical composition of the two green materials is shown in Table 1. The composite surfaces of the two blanks are subjected to sand blasting treatment to expose fresh metal surfaces, and the surfaces are free of oil stains and other impurities.
2) Prealloyed metal powder is prepared. The Q235 metal powder is prepared by an argon atomization method, and the powder with the granularity less than or equal to 100 mu m is screened out, and the components are shown in Table 1. And mixing with 0.3% nanometer titanium oxide powder (granularity is less than or equal to 50nm), and ball-milling in a high-energy ball mill under the condition of liquid nitrogen cooling to alloy the two powders, wherein the ball-milling rotation speed is 650rad/min, and the ball-milling time is 10h to obtain the prealloyed metal powder.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (mass fraction)/% of each material
3) And preparing a composite blank. The trial production is schematically assembled according to figure 1, the edge parts of the surface to be compounded of the base layer and the clad layer are oppositely placed after chamfering in advance before welding, argon arc welding is adopted for sealing welding along three sides, one side is reserved for filling prealloy metal powder into a gap between the clad layer and the base layer, and after compaction, the powder density reaches 3.0g/cm3That is to say, the powder position in the gap can not be refilled, and finally the powder filling side is sealed and welded. Preparing a stainless steel composite layer on the other surface of the base layer, reserving the same side for powder loading at the same time, and sealing and welding the stainless steel composite layer after the powder is filled;
4) and (4) hot rolling. The heating temperature in the heating furnace is 1250 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1.5h, the initial rolling temperature is 1180 ℃, the rolling speed is 2m/s, the first reduction rate is 32%, the first third reduction rate is 53%, and the final rolling temperature is 980 ℃. The final product thickness was 40mm thick.
According to the requirements of national standard GB/T8165-2008, the head, the middle and the tail of the double-sided composite stainless steel plate in the embodiment 1 are sampled, and mechanical property detection and analysis are carried out. The detection result is as follows: the average value of the yield strength of the composite plate is 325MPa, the average value of the tensile strength is 545MPa, the average value of the elongation is 60.5%, the average value of the impact energy at room temperature is 76J, and the average value of the shear strength is 355 MPa. After the composite plate is subjected to a full-thickness 180-degree bending test, no matter the composite plate is bent inwards or outwards, the joint interface of the composite plate is not cracked or layered, and the surface of a sample is not subjected to bending microcracks. Therefore, the prepared stainless steel composite plate meets the GB/T8165-.
Example 2
Example 2 was prepared substantially the same as example 1 except that the base stock was selected to be hot rolled Q235B plate, the clad material was selected to be 304 stainless steel plate, and the pre-alloyed composite powder was selected to be 304 stainless steel powder as clad, the chemical composition of each material being shown in table 2. The double-sided compounding method of fig. 1 is adopted.
Composite boards were prepared according to the procedure of example 1, and then the head, middle and tail of the composite boards were sampled and subjected to mechanical property detection analysis. The detection result is as follows: the average value of the yield strength of the composite plate is 324MPa, the average value of the tensile strength is 522MPa, the average value of the elongation is 58.8 percent, the average value of the impact energy at room temperature is 74J, and the average value of the shear strength is 335 MPa. After the composite plate is subjected to a full-thickness 180-degree bending test, no matter the composite plate is bent inwards or outwards, the joint interface of the composite plate is not cracked or layered, and the surface of a sample is not subjected to bending microcracks. Therefore, the prepared stainless steel composite plate meets the GB/T8165-.
TABLE 2 chemical composition (mass fraction)/% of each material
| Material of | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Als | Cr | Ni | O | N |
| Q235B | ≤0.2 | ≤0.35 | ≤1.4 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.045 | ≥0.015 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.3 | — | ≤0.008 |
| 304 powder | ≤0.08 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | — | 18.00～20.00 | 8.00～10.00 | — | ≤0.1 |
| 304 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | — | 18.00～20.00 | 8.00～10.00 | — | ≤0.1 |
Example 3
Example 3 was prepared substantially identically to example 1, with the only difference being the selection of the single-sided composite assembly of figure 2.
A composite board was prepared according to the procedure of example 3, and then the head, middle and tail of the composite board were sampled and subjected to mechanical property detection analysis. The detection result is as follows: the average value of the yield strength of the composite plate is 332MPa, the average value of the tensile strength is 532MPa, the average value of the elongation is 59.8%, the average value of the impact energy at room temperature is 75J, and the average value of the shear strength is 338 MPa. After the composite plate is subjected to a full-thickness 180-degree bending test, no matter the composite plate is bent inwards or outwards, the joint interface of the composite plate is not cracked or layered, and the surface of a sample is not subjected to bending microcracks. Therefore, the prepared stainless steel composite plate meets the GB/T8165-.
Example 4
Example 4 is basically the same as the preparation process of example 1, except that the composite layer material is 316L stainless steel, the base layer material is Q345B continuous casting billet, and the pre-alloy composite powder is Q345B alloy steel powder which is the same as the base layer, and the chemical compositions of all the materials are shown in tables 3 and 4. The assembly mode selects the double-sided composite assembly shown in the figure 1.
Composite boards were prepared according to the procedure of example 1, and then the head, middle and tail of the composite boards were sampled and subjected to mechanical property detection analysis. The detection result is as follows: the average value of the yield strength of the composite plate is 455MPa, the average value of the tensile strength is 564MPa, the average value of the elongation is 62.8%, the average value of the impact energy at room temperature is 79J, and the average value of the shear strength is 345 MPa. After the composite plate is subjected to a full-thickness 180-degree bending test, no matter the composite plate is bent inwards or outwards, the joint interface of the composite plate is not cracked or layered, and the surface of a sample is not subjected to bending microcracks. Therefore, the prepared stainless steel composite plate meets the GB/T8165-.
TABLE 3 chemical composition (mass fraction)/% of ingot and metal powder
Chemical composition of Table 4316L stainless Steel
| Material of | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Cr | Ni | O | N |
| 316L | ≤0.08 | ≤0.75 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 2.00～3.00 | 16.00～18.50 | 10.00～14.00 | — | ≤0.1 |
Example 5
Example 5 is basically the same as example 1 except that the duplex stainless steel is selected as the clad material, the 16MnR continuous casting billet is selected as the base material, the 16MnR alloy steel powder is selected as the base layer in the pre-alloy composite powder, and the chemical compositions of all the materials are shown in tables 4 and 5. The assembly mode selects the double-sided composite assembly shown in figure 2.
Composite boards were prepared according to the procedure of example 1, and then the head, middle and tail of the composite boards were sampled and subjected to mechanical property detection analysis. The detection result is as follows: the average value of the yield strength of the composite plate is 412MPa, the average value of the tensile strength is 523MPa, the average value of the elongation is 64.8 percent, the average value of the impact energy at room temperature is 75J, and the average value of the shear strength is 321 MPa. After the composite plate is subjected to a full-thickness 180-degree bending test, no matter the composite plate is bent inwards or outwards, the joint interface of the composite plate is not cracked or layered, and the surface of a sample is not subjected to bending microcracks. Therefore, the prepared stainless steel composite plate meets the GB/T8165-.
TABLE 3 chemical composition (mass fraction)/% of ingot and metal powder
| Material of | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Als | O | N |
| 16MnR | 0.13～0.17 | 0.20～0.55 | 1.20～1.60 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 0.01～0.04 | — | ≤0.008 |
| 16MnR | 0.13～0.17 | 0.25～0.45 | 1.30～1.50 | ≤0.0255 | ≤0.025 | 0.01～0.04 | 0.0020 | ≤0.006 |
TABLE 4 Duplex stainless Steel chemistry
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Cr | Ni | O | N |
| 0.025～0.035 | ≤2.00 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.03 | 2.00～3.00 | 18.00～26.00 | 2.50～3.50 | — | 0.08～0.32 |
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a stainless steel composite plate by powder metallurgy-hot rolling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a blank: the multi-layer blank is stainless steel, and the base layer blank is carbon steel or alloy steel;
2) preparing prealloyed metal powder: mixing nano titanium oxide powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 50nm and metal powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 100 mu m, and then putting the mixture into a high-energy ball mill for ball milling under the vacuum or liquid nitrogen cooling condition, wherein the ball milling rotating speed is 500-800 rad/min, and the ball milling time is 8-12 h, so as to obtain pre-alloyed metal powder; the mass fraction of the nano titanium oxide powder in the pre-alloyed metal powder is 0.1-0.5%; the metal powder is prepared by an argon atomization process, the material of the metal powder can be stainless steel powder which is the same as that of the compound layer, or carbon steel or alloy steel powder which is the same as that of the base layer, and the mass percentage content of oxygen and nitrogen in the metal powder is required to be less than 0.01 percent;
3) preparing a composite blank:
the composite blank is a double-sided composite blank or a single-sided composite blank;
if the blank is a double-sided composite blank: the base layer and the double-clad layer are placed oppositely after the edge parts of the composite surface are chamfered in advance, the base layer and the double-clad layer are welded along three sides in a sealing mode, the composite powder is filled into the gap between the clad layer and the base layer by leaving one side, and the base layer and the double-clad layer are tamped until the powder density reaches 3.0-3.2 g/cm3Finally, hermetically welding the powder-filled side;
if the blank is a single-sided composite blank: the base layer and the single composite layer are oppositely placed after the edge part of the composite surface is chamfered in advance, the base layer and the single composite layer are welded along three sides in a sealing mode, composite powder is filled into a gap between the composite layer and the base layer on one side, and the composite powder is tamped until the powder density reaches 3.0-3.2 g/cm3Finally, hermetically welding one side for filling the powder to obtain a front blank; brushing a separant on the two pre-positioned blanks between the two layers, stacking the stainless steel surfaces oppositely, and welding the two adjacent stainless steel layers of the composite blank by using a stainless steel welding rod;
4) hot rolling:
the heating temperature in a heating furnace is 1200-1300 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1-2 h, the initial rolling temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the rolling speed is 1-3 m/s, the first pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 30%, the first three pass reduction rate is more than or equal to 50%, and the final rolling temperature is 930-1050 ℃.
2. The powder metallurgy-hot rolling method of producing stainless steel composite panels according to claim 1, wherein: the separant in the step 3) is silicate paint, wherein the separant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the water glass is 1: 4-2: 3, and the thickness of the brush coating is 0.5-1.5 mm.
3. The powder metallurgy-hot rolling method of producing stainless steel composite panels according to claim 1, wherein: the multi-layer blank and the base layer blank in the step 1) can be selected from any one or the combination of a hot rolling blank and a casting blank.
4. The powder metallurgy-hot rolling method of producing stainless steel composite panels according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the multi-layer blank in the step 1) is the same as that of the base layer blank, the width of the multi-layer blank is 80-120 mm larger than that of the base layer blank, and the thickness of the multi-layer blank and the thickness of the base layer blank are determined according to the compounding proportion.
5. The powder metallurgy-hot rolling method of producing stainless steel composite panels according to claim 1, wherein: and 1) preparing the composite plate by selecting hot-rolled multi-layer blanks and continuous-cast base layer blanks.
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