CN112493395A - Irradiation sterilization method for tea - Google Patents
Irradiation sterilization method for tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN112493395A CN112493395A CN202011364501.XA CN202011364501A CN112493395A CN 112493395 A CN112493395 A CN 112493395A CN 202011364501 A CN202011364501 A CN 202011364501A CN 112493395 A CN112493395 A CN 112493395A
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- tea leaves
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- irradiation
- chitosan oligosaccharide
- aqueous solution
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 36
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N chitotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)[C@@H](CO)O1 RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 130
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 127
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005874 Bifenthrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005892 Deltamethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N bioresmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012543 microbiological analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of irradiation, and particularly relates to an irradiation sterilization method for tea. The irradiation sterilization method of the tea provided by the invention comprises the steps of removing impurities from the tea to remove impurities and dust in the tea to obtain the tea after impurity removal; placing the obtained tea leaves after impurity removal in a container, uniformly spreading, spraying chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to uniformly spray to obtain treated tea leaves; pre-cooling the treated tea leaves to-4-0 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator to obtain the tea leaves. The irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has a good sterilization effect, can obviously reduce the content of microorganisms, has an obvious degradation effect on pesticide residues, and can greatly reduce the pesticide residues. In addition, the irradiation sterilization method of the tea leaves can keep the original flavor and the nutrient components of the tea leaves to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of irradiation, and particularly relates to an irradiation sterilization method for tea.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, nutritional, healthy and safe food is more and more concerned by people, the food safety becomes more important, but the development of food industry in China is seriously hindered by microbial pollution and overproof pesticide residue. The tea is a health-care beverage very popular with people in China and one of the traditional export commodities in China, and the health quality and safety of the tea are particularly important. However, because the insect pest damage in the tea garden tends to be more and more awkwardly, the chemical control is dominant in the current comprehensive control of the insect pest, and the pesticide is improperly selected or the concentration is higher when the pesticide is sprayed, the pesticide residue of the tea product can exceed the standard. The tea processing is influenced by environmental conditions or factors such as clean production and the like without attention, harmful microorganisms can also be generated to exceed the standard, the nutritional ingredients and the sensory quality of the tea are influenced, and the tea loses the corresponding commodity value, so that the export trade of the green tea is blocked, and huge economic loss is caused.
The irradiation can control the content of microorganisms in the tea and reduce the pesticide residue in the tea, but the irradiation treatment of the tea has the problems of unsatisfactory sterilization effect, unobvious effect of reducing the pesticide residue and the like. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an effective method for effectively degrading pesticide residues and harmful microorganisms in tea leaves and improving the quality of tea leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for sterilizing tea leaves by irradiation. The irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has a good sterilization effect, can obviously reduce the content of microorganisms, has an obvious degradation effect on pesticide residues, and can greatly reduce the pesticide residues. In addition, the irradiation sterilization method of the tea leaves can keep the original flavor and the nutrient components of the tea leaves to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for sterilizing tea leaves by irradiation comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 7-15%, wherein the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 4-8% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain treated tea leaves;
s3, pre-cooling the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 to-4-0 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator to obtain the tea leaf.
Further, the step S2 sprays an aqueous solution of chitosan oligosaccharide with a mass concentration of 9%.
Further, the average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution in the step S2 is 1500-5000.
Further, the average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution of step S2 is 3000.
Further, the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution in the step S2 is 6% of the mass of the tea leaves after impurity removal in the step S1.
Further, in the step S3, the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 are pre-cooled to-2 ℃.
Further, the irradiation dose in the irradiation treatment in the step S3 is 1-3 kGy.
Further, the irradiation dose at the time of the irradiation treatment in step S3 is 2 kGy.
According to the invention, the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is sprayed on the surface of the tea, so that when the treated tea is subjected to irradiation treatment, part of water molecules in the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution are ionized under the irradiation of the high-energy electron beam to generate free radicals, and the free radicals generated by ionization can react with pesticide molecules remained in the tea, thereby achieving the purpose of further reducing pesticide residues in the tea. The method can well retain the active ingredients in the tea leaves by pre-cooling the treated tea leaves to 0-4 ℃, and can form a layer of good chitosan oligosaccharide protective film on the surfaces of the tea leaves to prevent the breeding of bacteria and further improve the sanitary quality of the tea leaves. The irradiation sterilization method for the tea leaves can not only ensure that the sterilization is more thorough, greatly improve the hygienic quality of the tea leaves, but also obviously reduce pesticide residues in the tea leaves and obviously improve the safety of the tea leaves.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the irradiation sterilization method of the tea provided by the invention has a good sterilization effect and can obviously reduce the content of microorganisms.
(2) The irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has the advantages that the degradation effect on pesticide residues is obvious while the tea is effectively sterilized, the pesticide residues can be greatly reduced, and the safety of the tea is effectively ensured.
(3) The irradiation sterilization method of the tea provided by the invention can maintain the original flavor and nutrient components of the tea to the maximum extent.
(4) The irradiation sterilization method of the tea leaves provided by the invention obviously improves the quality of the tea leaves.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in the following description of the specific embodiments, which is not intended to limit the invention, but various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art according to the basic idea of the invention, within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not depart from the basic idea of the invention.
The starting materials used in the present invention are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1A method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves
The irradiation sterilization method of the tea comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading the tea leaves, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 7%, wherein the average molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 1500, the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 4% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain the treated tea leaves;
s3, pre-cooling the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 to-4 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 1kGy during the irradiation treatment, so that the tea leaf is obtained.
Example 2A method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves
The irradiation sterilization method of the tea comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading the tea leaves, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 15%, wherein the average molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 5000, the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 8% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain treated tea leaves;
s3, pre-cooling the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 to 0 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by adopting an electron beam accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 3kGy during the irradiation treatment, so that the tea leaf is obtained.
Example 3A method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves
The irradiation sterilization method of the tea comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading the tea leaves, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 9%, wherein the average molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 3000, the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 6% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain the treated tea leaves;
s3, pre-cooling the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 to-2 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 2kGy during the irradiation treatment, so that the tea leaf is obtained.
Comparative example 1 irradiation sterilization method of tea leaves
The irradiation sterilization method of the tea comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, pre-cooling the tea leaves after impurity removal obtained in the step S1 to-2 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by adopting an electron beam accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 2kGy during the irradiation treatment, so that the tea is obtained.
The difference from example 3 is that the tea leaves after impurity removal were not subjected to a treatment step of spraying an aqueous solution of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Comparative example 2 irradiation sterilization method of tea leaves
The irradiation sterilization method of the tea comprises the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading the tea leaves, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 9%, wherein the average molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 3000, the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 6% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain the treated tea leaves;
s3, performing irradiation treatment on the precooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator, wherein the irradiation dose is 2kGy during the irradiation treatment, and obtaining the tea leaves.
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the treated tea leaves obtained in the step S2 are not pre-cooled in the step S3.
Test example I, Sterilization Effect test
With reference to the determination of total number of colonies in food safety national standard food microbiology examination of GB4789.2-2016 (national food safety Standard for food safety), the determination of coliform group count in food safety national standard food microbiology examination of GB4789.3-2016 (national food safety Standard for food safety), and the determination of mold and yeast count in food safety national standard food microbiology examination of GB4789.15-2016 (national food safety Standard for food safety), green tea leaves were treated by the irradiation sterilization method of the tea leaves of examples 1, 2, 3, 1 and 2, respectively, and the treated tea leaves were left for 5 days and then subjected to microbiological analysis to test the sterilization effect on the tea leaves, with the test results shown in Table 1.
Table 1: results of the Sterilization Effect test
As can be seen from Table 1, the irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has significant killing effect on total bacterial colony number, coliform group, mould and yeast, and the sterilization effect is obviously better than that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. Therefore, the irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has a good sterilization effect, can obviously reduce the content of microorganisms, and improves the hygienic quality of tea.
Test example two, test of degradation Effect of pesticide residue
The degradation rate of the pesticide of the green tea leaves by the irradiation sterilization method of the tea leaves in example 3 and comparative example 1 was measured by referring to gas chromatography (method for measuring the residual amounts of various pyrethroids pesticides in SN/T1117 + 2008 entrance and exit foods), and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: test result of pesticide residue degradation effect
As can be seen from the table 2, the irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has obvious degradation effect on deltamethrin and bifenthrin, and the degradation effect is obviously better than that of the comparative example 1. Therefore, the irradiation sterilization method for tea provided by the invention has an obvious effect on degrading pesticide residues, can greatly reduce the pesticide residues, and effectively ensures the safety of the tea.
Claims (8)
1. The irradiation sterilization method of tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing impurities from the tea leaves to remove impurities and dust in the tea leaves to obtain the tea leaves after impurity removal;
s2, placing the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1 into a container, uniformly spreading, spraying a chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 7-15%, wherein the spraying amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 4-8% of the mass of the tea leaves subjected to impurity removal obtained in the step S1, and continuously turning over the tea leaves in the spraying process to ensure that the tea leaves are uniformly sprayed to obtain treated tea leaves;
s3, pre-cooling the processed tea leaves obtained in the step S2 to-4-0 ℃, and performing irradiation treatment on the pre-cooled tea leaves by using an electron beam accelerator to obtain the tea leaf.
2. The method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 sprays an aqueous solution of chitosan oligosaccharide with a mass concentration of 9%.
3. The method for sterilizing tea leaves by irradiation according to claim 1, wherein the average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the aqueous solution of chitosan oligosaccharide in step S2 is 1500-5000.
4. The method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves according to claim 3, wherein the average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide used in the preparation of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution of step S2 is 3000.
5. The method for sterilizing tea leaves by irradiation of radiation according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution sprayed in step S2 is 6% of the mass of the decontaminated tea leaves obtained in step S1.
6. The method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is characterized in that the treated tea leaves obtained in the step S2 are pre-cooled to-2 ℃.
7. The method for sterilizing tea leaves by irradiation according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation dose in the irradiation treatment of step S3 is 1 to 3 kGy.
8. The method for radiation sterilization of tea leaves according to claim 7, wherein the irradiation dose at the irradiation treatment of step S3 is 2 kGy.
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CN202011364501.XA CN112493395A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Irradiation sterilization method for tea |
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